This document provides instructions for making ice cream through a process of freezing liquid cream into a solid form. The aim is to observe this phase change by mixing cream, sugar and flavoring, sealing it in a bag, and then placing the bag in a mixture of ice and salt to freeze it into ice cream over 5-10 minutes. Key steps include mixing the cream ingredients, burying the small bag of cream in a larger bag of ice and salt, shaking the bag to freeze the cream, and then opening the bag to enjoy the hardened ice cream. The discussion questions analyze the changes in state from liquid to solid and identify the process as freezing.

1. Y E A R 7 - M AT T E R
MAKING ICE CREAM
By S. Choi

2. AIM & HYPOTHESIS
• Aim: To observe liquid
changing to solid by
making an ice-cream.
• Hypothesis: Write your
own hypothesis in your
experimental report

3. EQUIPMENT
• 1 × tablespoon
• 1 × teaspoon
• 1 × measuring cups
• 1 × small zip lock bag
• 1 × large zip lock bag
• 1 × tea towel or jumper
• ½ cup of cream
• 1 tablespoon of sugar
• 3-4 teaspoons chocolate or
strawberry Nesquik for
flavouring
• 1 tray of ice cubes
• 6 tablespoons of rock salt

4. RISK ASSESSMENT
Risk Injury Prevention

5. METHOD
1. Place the cream, sugar and
Nesquik into the small zip
lock bag.
2. Seal the small bag tightly,
squeezing out any extra air.
Mix the ingredients
carefully.
3. Place the salt and ice into
the large zip lock bag. Mix
the salt and ice.
4. Place the small bag
containing the ice-cream
mixture into the large bag.
Make sure the small bag is
buried inside the ice.

6. METHOD
5. Wrap the large bag in a tea
towel or a jumper. Shake
and massage the bag for
5-10 minutes or until the
mixture hardens. DO NOT
squeeze the bag too hard or
it will break!
6. Remove the small bag of ice
cream and wipe away the
salt from outside of the bag.
7. Open the small bag and use
the teaspoon to try the ice
cream!

7. RESULTS
• Take a photo of your ice cream and/or a selfie with
your ice cream and insert it in your experimental
report.

8. DISCUSSION
1. What is the ice cream’s state of matter BEFORE
being placed in the bag of ice?
2. What is the ice cream’s state of matter AFTER
being placed in the bag of ice for more than 10
minutes?
3. What caused the ice cream to harden?
4. Draw a scientific diagram explaining how cream
turns into ice-cream at a particle level.
5. What is the process of liquid changing to solid
called?

9. CONCLUSION
• Write your own conclusion in your experimental
report. Make sure your conclusion supports OR
rejects your hypothesis.