The document discusses various definitions and perspectives on what constitutes literature. It examines definitions focused on written works with artistic value, bodies of writing from a culture/time period, and writings on a particular subject. The document also explores whether genres like advertisements, comics, or pulp fiction can be considered literature. Several authors weigh in on defining literature based on qualities like originality, craftsmanship, psychological truth, and understanding of moral values. Debates addressed include whether literature must be imaginative or fictional versus realistic, and the relationship between literature and understanding human nature.
Hello Friends, this PPT contains the content about what is literature, definitions of literature, kinds of literature, literary types and examples of renowned literary pieces.....
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Hello Friends, this PPT contains the content about what is literature, definitions of literature, kinds of literature, literary types and examples of renowned literary pieces.....
Fundamentals of Literature
Compiled by: Belachew Weldegebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
1.1 Definition of Literature
Here is my second uploaded presentation, Marxist Approach in literary criticism. There are instructions herein. Should you need the activities, please contact me via my email address: fgbulusan_gmail@yahoo.com or my pm me via my FB account. I am always willing to lecture about this topic. Contact me via my cellular number 0935-918-3854. Thanks!
Understanding the nature, function, and value of literature and how to critiqueCheldy S, Elumba-Pableo
It pays to know more about Literature in order to appreciate written works whether good or bad that will serve as a guiding principles for everyone and likewise have a lasting importance in ones life and experience.
It is actually how would the readers response to the message of the writer. Without the writer making his work, there would not be readers. And out readers reading the writers' work, there would not be sense of having it. It is actually a vice-versa relationship where both should function according to their role.
This presentation is meant to acquaint the reader with the basics of narrative prose and prose fiction. Hope the readers will benefit from it and enjoy it. Rozi Khan
What is literature ?
Literature is a term use to describe written or spoken material. The term is most commonly used to refer to words of the creative imagination including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. Literature is the art of written works. It is the body of written works of a language period or culture. Literature is published in written works in a particular style or particular subject. Literature is the mirror of life. Our life and all the subject are related to our life is the subject matter or element of literature. So we can get the touch of our life trough literature.Etymologically, literature has to do with letters,the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature.
What is the function of literature ?
As based conception, Aristoteles in “poetic’ that the function of literature is called “catharsis the primary functions of literature are to delight the reader, and heighten his awareness of life. The subsidiary functions are ‘propaganda’, ‘release’ and ‘escape’; but they are subordinated to the primary creative functions of literature.Propaganda literature’ must be distinguished from mere propaganda in which there is nothing creative. The writer of mere propaganda is simply concerned to popularize facts, ideas, and emotions with which he is familiar. But propaganda that is literature is a creative influence irradiating and transforming the writer’s experience.‘Release literature’ is that in which the dominant motive of the writer is simply the assuagement of starved needs, the release of pent-up forces in the personality. Romances, detective stories, thrillers, poems etc.
Literature also provides ‘escape’ from the grim realities of life, and many people read to escape boredom. The higher type of literature helps the reader to escape from trivial reality into significant reality.
Element of Narrative
Conceptual elements ( surface facts )
Actions – events and the sequence ( plot )
Character ‘ agent of motivation
setting – point of reference
Mode of narration ( expressive devices )
Point of view - focus of the narrator knowledge and values
Style - focus of the author’s atittudes and values
Int. to Literary Theory & Literary Criticism
Compiled By Belachew W/Gebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
Here is my second uploaded presentation, Marxist Approach in literary criticism. There are instructions herein. Should you need the activities, please contact me via my email address: fgbulusan_gmail@yahoo.com or my pm me via my FB account. I am always willing to lecture about this topic. Contact me via my cellular number 0935-918-3854. Thanks!
Understanding the nature, function, and value of literature and how to critiqueCheldy S, Elumba-Pableo
It pays to know more about Literature in order to appreciate written works whether good or bad that will serve as a guiding principles for everyone and likewise have a lasting importance in ones life and experience.
It is actually how would the readers response to the message of the writer. Without the writer making his work, there would not be readers. And out readers reading the writers' work, there would not be sense of having it. It is actually a vice-versa relationship where both should function according to their role.
This presentation is meant to acquaint the reader with the basics of narrative prose and prose fiction. Hope the readers will benefit from it and enjoy it. Rozi Khan
What is literature ?
Literature is a term use to describe written or spoken material. The term is most commonly used to refer to words of the creative imagination including works of poetry, drama, fiction and non-fiction. Literature is the art of written works. It is the body of written works of a language period or culture. Literature is published in written works in a particular style or particular subject. Literature is the mirror of life. Our life and all the subject are related to our life is the subject matter or element of literature. So we can get the touch of our life trough literature.Etymologically, literature has to do with letters,the written as opposed to the spoken word, though not everything that is written down is literature.
What is the function of literature ?
As based conception, Aristoteles in “poetic’ that the function of literature is called “catharsis the primary functions of literature are to delight the reader, and heighten his awareness of life. The subsidiary functions are ‘propaganda’, ‘release’ and ‘escape’; but they are subordinated to the primary creative functions of literature.Propaganda literature’ must be distinguished from mere propaganda in which there is nothing creative. The writer of mere propaganda is simply concerned to popularize facts, ideas, and emotions with which he is familiar. But propaganda that is literature is a creative influence irradiating and transforming the writer’s experience.‘Release literature’ is that in which the dominant motive of the writer is simply the assuagement of starved needs, the release of pent-up forces in the personality. Romances, detective stories, thrillers, poems etc.
Literature also provides ‘escape’ from the grim realities of life, and many people read to escape boredom. The higher type of literature helps the reader to escape from trivial reality into significant reality.
Element of Narrative
Conceptual elements ( surface facts )
Actions – events and the sequence ( plot )
Character ‘ agent of motivation
setting – point of reference
Mode of narration ( expressive devices )
Point of view - focus of the narrator knowledge and values
Style - focus of the author’s atittudes and values
Int. to Literary Theory & Literary Criticism
Compiled By Belachew W/Gebriel (bellachew@gmail.com)
Jimma University
CSSH
Department of English Language and Literature
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By Belachew Weldegebriel
Jimma University
College of Social Sciences and Humanities
Department of English Language and Literature
Jimma, Ethiopia
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4. Do you agree with this definition?
Lit is … creative writing of recognized artistic
value
Written works, esp. those considered of superior
or lasting artistic merit
Literature (from Latin litterae (plural); letter) is
the art of written works, and is not bound to
published sources (although, under
circumstances unpublished sources can be
exempt). Literally translated, the
word literature means "acquaintance with letters"
(as in the "arts and letters"). The two major
classification of literature are poetry and prose.
(Wikipedia)
5. Is any writing, literature?
Is use of language and words literature???
What about colours, stones, music?
Is literature mirror to society / human nature /
reality?
Is it photographic representation of . . . ?
Is it an X-Ray image of . . . ?
7. R A Scott James – The Making of
Literature
It is with literature as an art that I am concerned
in this book, and at the outset it should be clearly
distinguished from the literature which sets out
to impart knowledge or produce moral
conviction.
Obvious as the difference may seem to us, it was
not always obvious, and the border-line is blurred
even to-day.
It is the distinction which may be made between
two drawings of a house, one being a " picture,"
the other an architect's plan.
The first has an aesthetic character. The second
is a piece of information its purpose is didactic.
8. Knowledge and power
How to draw line in between?
Thomas DeQuiency:
Literature of knowledge = Didactic – to teach
Litearure of power = aesthetic – to move
Thomas De Quincey, "The Literature of Knowlege and the Literature of Power" (First
Published in the North British Review, August, 1848, as part of a critical essay on Alexander
Pope)
9. Literature is the product of imagination, originality,
style of expression, thought emotions and
feelings, idea etc….
10. Advertisement… is it literature?
Then, can we call……. Ad, literature?
Why?
Why not?
Is Graphic novel or comics book literature?
What is the difference between pulp fiction and
serious literature?
11. Some universal characteristics of
Literature
Timelessness,
Eternity,
universality,
Permanence…
Literature is a permanent expression in words of
some thought or feelings or idea about life and
the world.
12. R.J. Rees:
Literature may be good, bad or indifferent; but
good literature will have same, if not all, of the
following qualities:
Psychological truth or holding the mirror
up to nature
Originality
Craftsmanship
A consciousness of moral values
13. Terry Eagleton: Literary Theory:An
Introduction
„Imaginative writing in the sense of fiction‟ – writing
which is not literally true. (?)
Imaginative Vs Realistic
Fiction vs Fact
Imaginative representation of realistic life.
Historical truth Vs Artistic truth
Novels and News Stories – fact and fiction – how to
discriminate?
Comics and pulp fiction – purely imaginative &
fictitious, yet not „literature‟.
Compare „Macbeth / Moll Flanders and The White
Tiger‟.
The end – Poetic Justice Vs Realistic end.
14. Literature is creative and imaginative:
Does this mean that Philosophy, History, Natural
Sciences are uncreative and unimaginative?
Perhaps another approach is required to define
literature:
… uses language in peculiar ways.
Roman Jakobson – „organised violence committed
on ordinary speech‟.
Literature transforms and intensifies ordinary
language, deviates systematically from everyday
speech.
(???) Safdar Hashmi – Kitabe Kuchh Kehna
Chahati hai!
15. The Use and Abuse of Literature:
By Marjorie Garber
“The Use and Abuse of Literature,” the latest book by
the prolific Harvard literary scholar Marjorie Garber, is
in part about this “centripetal movement” in artistic
appreciation “from the edges to the center, from the
outside to the inside, incorporating once disparaged
genres and authors into respectable, canonical and
even classic status.” We‟ve all seen the process
applied to television and cinema and comic books
(now called, in a Maileresque turn, “graphic novels”),
but Garber reminds us that this tendency has existed
throughout history, bringing biography and
Renaissance drama (Garber‟s primary academic
specialty) and even the novel itself in from the cold,
along with private forms like letters and journals that
never wished for such consideration. “What once
wasn‟t literature,” Garber writes, “is now at the heart
of the canon.”
16. Why study literature?
Understanding social milieu
Understanding culture
Understanding human nature & behavior
Develop historical sense
Relish aesthetics of artistic expression
17. Does it really happen?
Do we really enjoy ‘reading’ literature?
What does the history of civilization prove?
Have we become better?
Do we understand each other?
Do we respect human values(?)?
18. Why study literature?
By studying good literature we learn more about
human problems and difficulties
Universality of such problems and ways to
overcome them
Make ourselves better human beings
Humanity and compassion
International understanding and world peace.
19. How to read a book of literature for
examination purpose
20. A book has an Author –
A book has Genre –
A book has central theme / subject matter -
A book has characters –
A book has style –
A book has some critical observations -
21. Sources:
Garber, Marjorie. The Use and Abuse of
Literature.
Eagleton, Terry.
Scott-James, R.A. The Making of Literature.
Rees, R.J.
Thomas DeQuiency.
http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/17/books/review/
book-review-the-use-and-abuse-of-literature-by-
marjorie-garber.html?_r=1
http://www.uwec.edu/pnotesbd/Llosa_article.htm