The document discusses the key components of electrical circuits. It states that all circuits consist of three essential components: 1) a power supply to provide electrical energy, 2) a conducting path to allow electrons to flow, and 3) a load where electrical energy is converted to other forms of energy. It then goes on to describe common examples of these components such as cells/batteries as power supplies, resistors and light bulbs as loads, and wires as conducting paths. The document also discusses circuit controllers like switches and fuses, as well as measuring devices like voltmeters and ammeters.

1. Circuit
components
By
S.
Choi

2. A
simple
electrical
circuit
All
electric
circuits
consist
of
THREE
essen5al
components:
1. A
power
supply
to
provide
electrical
energy
2. A
conduc6ng
path,
which
allows
electrons
(electric
charge)
to
flow
around
the
circuit
easily.
3. A
load,
in
which
electrical
energy
is
converted
into
other
forms
of
energy

3. Energy
suppliers
(power
supply)
A
power
pack
is
a
source
of
VARIABLE
(adjustable)
electrical
energy.
It
can
produce
either
direct
current
(DC)
or
alterna5ng
current
(AC).
At
school,
DC
is
oOen
used.
A
cell
is
a
source
of
FIXED
amount
of
electrical
energy
where
chemical
energy
is
converted
to
electrical
energy.
It
produces
direct
current
(DC).
Two
or
more
cells
joined
together
is
called
a
ba:ery.

4. Energy
users
(load)
A
resistor
RESISTS
(opposes)
flow
of
current
in
an
electrical
circuit
and
transform
some
electrical
energy
to
other
kinds
of
energy.
A
light
globe
is
an
incandescent
lamp
that
provides
electrical
resistance.
It
changes
electrical
energy
to
light
and
heat
energy.
A
rheostat
or
a
variable
resistor
is
a
resistor
that
produces
VARIABLE
(adjustable)
amount
of
electrical
resistance

5. Circuit
controllers
A
wire
or
lead
is
a
strand
or
rod
of
different
lengths
and
diameters
made
of
an
electrical
conductor
(oOen
metal).
It
allows
current
to
flow
through
a
circuit.
A
switch
is
used
to
open
or
close
an
electric
circuit.
Opening
an
electric
circuit
interrupts
the
flow
of
current.
A
fuse
is
made
of
a
very
thin
wire,
which
melts
and
opens
circuit
if
too
much
current
flow
through
it.

6. Measuring
devices
A
voltmeter
measures
differences
in
electrical
poten5al
energy
(voltage)
or
“electrical
pressure”
in
a
circuit.
An
ammeter
measures
the
amount
of
current
flowing
in
a
circuit.