Here you can get Class 11 Important Questions for Biology based on NCERT Textbook for Class XI. Biology Class 11 Important Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. Here we have covered Important Questions on Morphology of Flowering Plants for Class 11 Biology subject.
This document discusses leaf structure and modifications in plants. It begins by describing the general form of leaves, including the blade and petiole. It then covers leaf types like compound and simple leaves. The document discusses leaf arrangement on stems, including opposite, spiral and whorled patterns. It also covers venation patterns and how they differ between monocots and dicots. The rest of the document details specialized leaf structures like tendrils, cotyledons, and modified leaves that carry out functions like photosynthesis, insect trapping, or defense.
This document discusses the key concepts and components of systematics, which includes taxonomy and phylogeny. It covers topics such as:
- The goal of phylogenetic reconstruction and evolutionary history.
- The major parts of systematics including description, classification, nomenclature, and identification.
- Tools for communicating taxonomic information such as keys and scientific names.
- Methods for determining evolutionary relationships including cladistics and cladograms.
- Principles of formal taxonomic naming and types of specimens.
- Uses of keys to identify unknown taxa.
This chapter was really heavy
Divided it in three parts ,
1. Roots, Stem , leaves
2.Flowers, Fruits ,seed
Two parts are included, third part will be uploaded soon.
~Please comment ~ Feel free to Suggest~♥
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
This document summarizes several systems of plant classification including artificial, natural, and phylogenetic systems. It provides details on Linnaeus' artificial classification system based on plant sexuality and number of sexual parts. It also describes Bentham and Hooker's widely adopted natural system from 1862-1883, and Engler and Prantl's phylogenetic system from 1887-1915 which was based on evolutionary relationships and classified plants into 13 divisions.
1. Vaucheria is a yellow-green, filamentous, aquatic or terrestrial alga that grows in dense tufts.
2. It reproduces asexually through the production of multiflagellate zoospores inside club-shaped sporangia or non-motile aplanospores.
3. Under unfavorable conditions, it produces thick-walled akinetes or hypnospores that can directly form new plants when conditions improve.
1. Chara is a genus of macroscopic, multicellular, branched green algae that grows in freshwater. The plants have a main axis with nodes, internodes, and branches of either limited or unlimited growth.
2. Vegetative reproduction occurs through structures like amylum stars, bulbils, and secondary protenemas that form on the rhizoids. Sexual reproduction is oogamous, with male antheridia and female oogonia occurring either on the same plant or different plants.
3. Fertilization involves the release of biflagellate antherozoids from the antheridia that swim and penetrate the receptive egg cell within the oogonium,
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
This document discusses leaf structure and modifications in plants. It begins by describing the general form of leaves, including the blade and petiole. It then covers leaf types like compound and simple leaves. The document discusses leaf arrangement on stems, including opposite, spiral and whorled patterns. It also covers venation patterns and how they differ between monocots and dicots. The rest of the document details specialized leaf structures like tendrils, cotyledons, and modified leaves that carry out functions like photosynthesis, insect trapping, or defense.
This document discusses the key concepts and components of systematics, which includes taxonomy and phylogeny. It covers topics such as:
- The goal of phylogenetic reconstruction and evolutionary history.
- The major parts of systematics including description, classification, nomenclature, and identification.
- Tools for communicating taxonomic information such as keys and scientific names.
- Methods for determining evolutionary relationships including cladistics and cladograms.
- Principles of formal taxonomic naming and types of specimens.
- Uses of keys to identify unknown taxa.
This chapter was really heavy
Divided it in three parts ,
1. Roots, Stem , leaves
2.Flowers, Fruits ,seed
Two parts are included, third part will be uploaded soon.
~Please comment ~ Feel free to Suggest~♥
The document defines and describes various parts of flowers including the pedicel, sepal, petal, perianth, calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium, as well as flower symmetry and types. It also discusses inflorescence structures such as spikes, racemes, umbels, heads, corymbs and spikelets. Different inflorescence examples like daisies, proteas, hawthorns and grasses are provided. The document provides morphological terminology for comprehensive description and identification of floral structures.
This document summarizes several systems of plant classification including artificial, natural, and phylogenetic systems. It provides details on Linnaeus' artificial classification system based on plant sexuality and number of sexual parts. It also describes Bentham and Hooker's widely adopted natural system from 1862-1883, and Engler and Prantl's phylogenetic system from 1887-1915 which was based on evolutionary relationships and classified plants into 13 divisions.
1. Vaucheria is a yellow-green, filamentous, aquatic or terrestrial alga that grows in dense tufts.
2. It reproduces asexually through the production of multiflagellate zoospores inside club-shaped sporangia or non-motile aplanospores.
3. Under unfavorable conditions, it produces thick-walled akinetes or hypnospores that can directly form new plants when conditions improve.
1. Chara is a genus of macroscopic, multicellular, branched green algae that grows in freshwater. The plants have a main axis with nodes, internodes, and branches of either limited or unlimited growth.
2. Vegetative reproduction occurs through structures like amylum stars, bulbils, and secondary protenemas that form on the rhizoids. Sexual reproduction is oogamous, with male antheridia and female oogonia occurring either on the same plant or different plants.
3. Fertilization involves the release of biflagellate antherozoids from the antheridia that swim and penetrate the receptive egg cell within the oogonium,
Pteridophytes are vascular plants and have leaves (known as fronds), roots and sometimes true stems, and tree ferns have full trunks. Examples include ferns, horsetails and club-mosses. Fronds in the largest species of ferns can reach some six metres in length!
Many ferns from tropical rain forests are epiphytes, which means they only grow on other plant species; their water comes from the damp air or from rainfall running down branches and tree trunks. There are also some purely aquatic ferns such as water fern or water velvet (Salvinia molesta) and mosquito ferns (Azolla species).
Pteridophytes do not have seeds or flowers either, instead they also reproduce via spores.
There are around 13,000 species of Pteridophytes.
Oedogonium is a freshwater, filamentous green alga identified by rings formed at the ends of cells during cell division. It reproduces through both sexual and asexual means. Asexual reproduction occurs through fragmentation, zoospore formation, or aplanospore formation. Sexual reproduction is oogamous and can be either macrandrous or nannandrous. Fertilization occurs when sperm enter an egg, forming a zygote. The zygote produces a thick-walled oospore which undergoes meiosis to produce haploid zoospores that germinate into new haploid filaments.
Phytogeography, climate, vegetation and botanical zonesEmaSushan
This document discusses the key concepts and principles of phytogeography, which is the study of the geographic distribution of plants. It covers definitions of phytogeography, the major divisions of descriptive and interpretive phytogeography, principles related to plant environment, plant responses, migration of floras and climaxes, and perpetuation and evolution of floras. Factors affecting species distribution include geological history, migration, and ecological amplitude. The distribution of plants is primarily controlled by climate, soils, and biotic interactions, and each species has a defined range of environmental tolerances.
This document discusses the morphology and modifications of plant roots, stems, and flowering. It begins by defining plant morphology and classifying plants as annuals, biennials, or perennials. It then describes the typical structure and regions of a root, including the root cap, meristematic region, region of elongation, region of root hairs, and region of maturation. It discusses modifications like taproots and adventitious roots, and modifications for storage, respiration, and support. The document next describes the characteristics and modifications of stems, including underground, sub-aerial, and aerial modifications like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and others. It concludes by discussing the primary and secondary functions of roots.
Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Bryophytes reproduce both sexually through an alternation of generations involving gametophytes and sporophytes, and asexually through fragmentation or structures like gemmae. The dominant generation is the gametophyte. Mosses commonly grow in dense colonies on soil, rocks, and trees, helping to form soil and prevent erosion. Liverworts have a thallus shape and reproduce using gemmae cups. Hornworts have thalloid bodies and hornlike sporophyte projections. Bryophytes play various ecological roles and some have human uses as well.
1) Funaria is a terrestrial moss that grows in dense green patches in moist, shady areas like damp soil, tree trunks, and walls.
2) It has both underground protonemal filaments and above-ground leafy gametophores that produce rhizoids, a stem, and spirally arranged leaves.
3) Sexual reproduction involves the production of antheridia and archegonia on separate male and female branches that lead to fertilization and the growth of a sporophyte with foot, seta, and capsule containing spores.
- Rhynia was a genus of early vascular plants that lived in the Devonian period, around 390-374 million years ago. It had branching, leafless aerial stems that grew from horizontally creeping underground rhizomes.
- The plant's internal structure included an epidermis, cortex with photosynthetic cells, and a protostelic vascular cylinder. Reproduction occurred through sporangia borne on branching tips, containing spores that likely developed into multicellular gametophytes.
- Two species were identified, R. major and the smaller R. gwynne vaughani, though the distinction between sporophyte and gametophyte generations required further clarification based on the fossil
This document provides an overview of plant tissues. It begins by outlining the chapter which covers basic plant cell types, vascular plant tissues, an overview of vascular plants, and plant growth and development. The objective is to identify and describe plant tissue types, including their structure, location, and function. The document then describes the three main types of plant tissues - meristematic tissues, permanent tissues, and complex permanent tissues. It provides details on each tissue type, including characteristics, classification, and functions. In summary, the document provides a detailed overview of the different plant tissue types, their structures and roles in vascular plants.
This document is a presentation on leaf structure and function by Halala Rahman Qadir. It defines leaves as the food making organs of plants and discusses their external structures like the blade, petiole, and stipules. Leaves can be simple or compound. Photosynthesis takes place in leaves to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight. Leaves have several functions including producing oxygen, food, and reducing temperatures. The document examines leaf anatomy and types of leaves, distinguishing between simple, palmately compound, and pinnately compound leaves.
This document provides an overview of binomial nomenclature, which is the system used to universally name plant species. It discusses how binomial nomenclature was introduced by Linnaeus in 1751 to address issues with common names varying between locations and sometimes referring to different species. The document then explains how binomial nomenclature works, using two names (genus and species epithet), and the advantages it provides. It also outlines the International Code of Nomenclature which standardizes botanical naming, and how this code has evolved over time through different botanical congresses to establish standardized rules.
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
This document discusses the classification system of flowering plants developed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in the 19th century. It was one of the first comprehensive natural systems, grouping 202 orders (now families) of angiosperms based on their morphological and reproductive characteristics. Some of the major divisions in their system included monocotyledons, dicotyledons divided into polypetalae and gamopetalae based on their floral parts. Within polypetalae and gamopetalae were further subgroups like thalami florae, disci florae and calyci florae. The system had advantages of being natural and easy to follow but also drawbacks like placement of gymnosperms and neglect
This document provides information about epidermal tissues, trichomes, and stomata. It discusses that the epidermis forms the outer protective layer of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. It contains parenchyma cells and can form hair-like unicellular or multicellular trichomes that protect against water loss and other factors. The epidermis also contains numerous minute openings called stomata that allow for gas exchange between internal tissues and the atmosphere. Stomata come in different types defined by the number and arrangement of neighboring cells. Their main functions are transpiration and gas exchange to support respiration and photosynthesis.
Bryophytes: alternation of generation, morphology, anatomy and reproductive c...SankritaShankarGaonk
This document summarizes the life cycle and reproductive structures of the liverwort Riccia. It describes the alternation of generations between its haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases. The gametophyte is a small, flat thallus that reproduces sexually through antheridia and archegonia. Fertilization occurs when sperm from the antheridia fertilize eggs in the archegonia, forming a sporophyte. The sporophyte is a simple spore sac that produces haploid spores through meiosis. The spores germinate to form new gametophytes, completing the life cycle.
The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 35-39 of a biology textbook, covering topics such as plant structure and function, transport mechanisms, nutrition, reproduction, growth and development, and responses to environmental stimuli. It discusses the three basic plant organs and their interdependence, how water and minerals are absorbed and transported throughout plants, plant nutrient requirements and how they are obtained from soil, sexual reproduction including pollination and seed formation, and hormonal and environmental control of plant growth and responses to stresses. The document contains questions for students to review these topics in detail.
This document provides information about plant stems and leaves from a RHS Level 2 Certificate course. It defines key terms like cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuole. It describes the structure and function of stems, including how stems develop, the types of buds, the vascular system, and adaptations. It also details the structure and function of leaves, internal and external leaf structures, stomata, and leaf adaptations. The learning objectives cover describing the development, structure, and adaptations of stems and leaves.
Oedogonium is a freshwater, filamentous green alga identified by rings formed at the ends of cells during cell division. It reproduces through both sexual and asexual means. Asexual reproduction occurs through fragmentation, zoospore formation, or aplanospore formation. Sexual reproduction is oogamous and can be either macrandrous or nannandrous. Fertilization occurs when sperm enter an egg, forming a zygote. The zygote produces a thick-walled oospore which undergoes meiosis to produce haploid zoospores that germinate into new haploid filaments.
Phytogeography, climate, vegetation and botanical zonesEmaSushan
This document discusses the key concepts and principles of phytogeography, which is the study of the geographic distribution of plants. It covers definitions of phytogeography, the major divisions of descriptive and interpretive phytogeography, principles related to plant environment, plant responses, migration of floras and climaxes, and perpetuation and evolution of floras. Factors affecting species distribution include geological history, migration, and ecological amplitude. The distribution of plants is primarily controlled by climate, soils, and biotic interactions, and each species has a defined range of environmental tolerances.
This document discusses the morphology and modifications of plant roots, stems, and flowering. It begins by defining plant morphology and classifying plants as annuals, biennials, or perennials. It then describes the typical structure and regions of a root, including the root cap, meristematic region, region of elongation, region of root hairs, and region of maturation. It discusses modifications like taproots and adventitious roots, and modifications for storage, respiration, and support. The document next describes the characteristics and modifications of stems, including underground, sub-aerial, and aerial modifications like rhizomes, tubers, bulbs, and others. It concludes by discussing the primary and secondary functions of roots.
Bryophytes include mosses, liverworts, and hornworts. They are non-vascular plants that lack true roots, stems, or leaves. Bryophytes reproduce both sexually through an alternation of generations involving gametophytes and sporophytes, and asexually through fragmentation or structures like gemmae. The dominant generation is the gametophyte. Mosses commonly grow in dense colonies on soil, rocks, and trees, helping to form soil and prevent erosion. Liverworts have a thallus shape and reproduce using gemmae cups. Hornworts have thalloid bodies and hornlike sporophyte projections. Bryophytes play various ecological roles and some have human uses as well.
1) Funaria is a terrestrial moss that grows in dense green patches in moist, shady areas like damp soil, tree trunks, and walls.
2) It has both underground protonemal filaments and above-ground leafy gametophores that produce rhizoids, a stem, and spirally arranged leaves.
3) Sexual reproduction involves the production of antheridia and archegonia on separate male and female branches that lead to fertilization and the growth of a sporophyte with foot, seta, and capsule containing spores.
- Rhynia was a genus of early vascular plants that lived in the Devonian period, around 390-374 million years ago. It had branching, leafless aerial stems that grew from horizontally creeping underground rhizomes.
- The plant's internal structure included an epidermis, cortex with photosynthetic cells, and a protostelic vascular cylinder. Reproduction occurred through sporangia borne on branching tips, containing spores that likely developed into multicellular gametophytes.
- Two species were identified, R. major and the smaller R. gwynne vaughani, though the distinction between sporophyte and gametophyte generations required further clarification based on the fossil
This document provides an overview of plant tissues. It begins by outlining the chapter which covers basic plant cell types, vascular plant tissues, an overview of vascular plants, and plant growth and development. The objective is to identify and describe plant tissue types, including their structure, location, and function. The document then describes the three main types of plant tissues - meristematic tissues, permanent tissues, and complex permanent tissues. It provides details on each tissue type, including characteristics, classification, and functions. In summary, the document provides a detailed overview of the different plant tissue types, their structures and roles in vascular plants.
This document is a presentation on leaf structure and function by Halala Rahman Qadir. It defines leaves as the food making organs of plants and discusses their external structures like the blade, petiole, and stipules. Leaves can be simple or compound. Photosynthesis takes place in leaves to produce glucose from carbon dioxide and water using sunlight. Leaves have several functions including producing oxygen, food, and reducing temperatures. The document examines leaf anatomy and types of leaves, distinguishing between simple, palmately compound, and pinnately compound leaves.
This document provides an overview of binomial nomenclature, which is the system used to universally name plant species. It discusses how binomial nomenclature was introduced by Linnaeus in 1751 to address issues with common names varying between locations and sometimes referring to different species. The document then explains how binomial nomenclature works, using two names (genus and species epithet), and the advantages it provides. It also outlines the International Code of Nomenclature which standardizes botanical naming, and how this code has evolved over time through different botanical congresses to establish standardized rules.
Pentoxylales were small trees or shrubs that existed in the Jurassic period in India. They had long and short shoots resembling Ginkgo, with spirally arranged leaves and scales. The stems (Pentoxylon) had five triangular segments around a central tissue. Leaves (Nipaniophyllum) were strap-shaped with a midrib. Male cones (Sahnia) bore pollen sacs on short shoots. Female cones (Carnoconites) had ovules aggregated into strobili on short shoots. Stomata were syndetochelic. Wood was pycnoxylic, resembling conifers. Pentoxylales displayed features intermediate between ferns
This document discusses the classification system of flowering plants developed by George Bentham and Joseph Dalton Hooker in the 19th century. It was one of the first comprehensive natural systems, grouping 202 orders (now families) of angiosperms based on their morphological and reproductive characteristics. Some of the major divisions in their system included monocotyledons, dicotyledons divided into polypetalae and gamopetalae based on their floral parts. Within polypetalae and gamopetalae were further subgroups like thalami florae, disci florae and calyci florae. The system had advantages of being natural and easy to follow but also drawbacks like placement of gymnosperms and neglect
This document provides information about epidermal tissues, trichomes, and stomata. It discusses that the epidermis forms the outer protective layer of leaves, stems, flowers, and fruits. It contains parenchyma cells and can form hair-like unicellular or multicellular trichomes that protect against water loss and other factors. The epidermis also contains numerous minute openings called stomata that allow for gas exchange between internal tissues and the atmosphere. Stomata come in different types defined by the number and arrangement of neighboring cells. Their main functions are transpiration and gas exchange to support respiration and photosynthesis.
Bryophytes: alternation of generation, morphology, anatomy and reproductive c...SankritaShankarGaonk
This document summarizes the life cycle and reproductive structures of the liverwort Riccia. It describes the alternation of generations between its haploid gametophyte and diploid sporophyte phases. The gametophyte is a small, flat thallus that reproduces sexually through antheridia and archegonia. Fertilization occurs when sperm from the antheridia fertilize eggs in the archegonia, forming a sporophyte. The sporophyte is a simple spore sac that produces haploid spores through meiosis. The spores germinate to form new gametophytes, completing the life cycle.
The document summarizes key concepts from chapters 35-39 of a biology textbook, covering topics such as plant structure and function, transport mechanisms, nutrition, reproduction, growth and development, and responses to environmental stimuli. It discusses the three basic plant organs and their interdependence, how water and minerals are absorbed and transported throughout plants, plant nutrient requirements and how they are obtained from soil, sexual reproduction including pollination and seed formation, and hormonal and environmental control of plant growth and responses to stresses. The document contains questions for students to review these topics in detail.
This document provides information about plant stems and leaves from a RHS Level 2 Certificate course. It defines key terms like cytoplasm, mitochondria, nucleus, and vacuole. It describes the structure and function of stems, including how stems develop, the types of buds, the vascular system, and adaptations. It also details the structure and function of leaves, internal and external leaf structures, stomata, and leaf adaptations. The learning objectives cover describing the development, structure, and adaptations of stems and leaves.
Class 11 Important Questions for Biology - Kingdom AnimaliaInfomatica Academy
Here you can get Class 11 Important Questions for Biology based on NCERT Textbook for Class XI. Biology Class 11 Important Questions are very helpful to score high marks in board exams. Here we have covered Important Questions on Kingdom Animalia for Class 11 Biology subject.
This document discusses the structure and purpose of stems and leaves in plants. It covers the internal structure of stems, including the vascular system and differences between monocot and dicot stems. It also discusses leaf structure, function, and adaptations, including the location of epidermis, stomata, vascular bundles and mesophyll in leaf cross-sections. The learning objectives are to understand stem and leaf development, structure, function, and adaptations that allow plants to perform different roles like support, transport, photosynthesis, storage, and protection.
Transfer of pollen grain from another to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same plant, is called self-pollination. e.g. Apricot, Fig, Plum, Rose, Tomato, Sweet Pea.
https://thegeneralscience.com/plant-life/
This document provides information about plant life and how to save plants. It contains 36 questions and answers about plant anatomy and physiology. Some key points covered include:
1. Bryophyllum and Begonia are examples of plants that can grow new plants from leaves.
2. A complete flower has all four whorls (calyx, corolla, androecium, gynoecium), while an unisexual flower has either the androecium or gynoecium.
3. The ovule develops into the seed and the ovary develops into the fruit.
4. Plants are classified according to stem structure into trees, shrubs, and herbs
The document provides a series of questions and tasks related to plant biology. It begins by defining key terms like vascular plants and distinguishing characteristics of monocotyledons and dicotyledons. Students are asked to draw and label diagrams of plant tissues and structures, and explain their various functions. Other topics covered include mineral nutrient uptake, transpiration, adaptations of xerophytic plants, seed dispersal mechanisms, germination, photoperiodism and its role in flowering. Students are provided sources to cite and instructed to complete a self-assessment rubric.
This document discusses plant form and function at multiple levels of organization, from cells to tissues to whole plant structures. It provides details on the different types of plant tissues like epidermis, vascular tissues, parenchyma and their specialized forms. Meristematic tissues allow growth, dermal tissues provide protection, vascular tissues transport water and nutrients. Leaves, stems, and flowers each have distinct structures tailored to their functions like photosynthesis, support, reproduction. Pollination requires transfer of pollen between plant reproductive structures and is achieved through various mechanisms involving wind or animal vectors.
Unit9 chapters-36_37_38_39 new curriculumsbarkanic
This document provides an overview of four chapters (36-39) that cover various topics related to plant biology:
1) Chapter 36 discusses transport mechanisms in plants including passive and active transport, water potential, transpiration, and translocation of nutrients.
2) Chapter 37 covers plant nutrition including essential nutrients, soil composition and properties, nitrogen fixation, and symbiotic relationships between plants and microbes.
3) Chapter 38 examines plant reproduction through sexual reproduction involving flowers, pollination, and seed/fruit development as well as asexual reproduction methods. It also discusses plant biotechnology applications.
4) Chapter 39 analyzes plant responses to internal and external signals such as hormones, light, gravity, touch
This document outlines the learning objectives and content for a plant science course covering roots, stems, leaves, and plant identification. The objectives include describing how roots, stems, and leaves are adapted to perform functions, the structure of roots, stems, leaves, and different types of buds and vascular systems. The content will cover symbiotic root fungi and bacteria, stem development and internal structure, leaf structure and adaptations for photosynthesis, protection, storage, and identification of plant specimens.
This document discusses plant structure and growth. It begins by outlining tasks to draw and label diagrams of tissues in dicotyledonous plant stems and leaves. It then lists three key differences between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous plants. Next, it examines the relationship between leaf tissue distribution and functions like gas exchange and transport. It also identifies modifications like bulbs, tubers and tendrils. The document concludes by covering topics like apical and lateral meristems, their roles in growth, and the role of auxin in phototropism.
1- beseribe the components of kesic thein arganifirtion 2- What is the.pdfWilliamTvuHendersonk
1. beseribe the components of kesic thein arganifirtion 2. What is the ratme of the region of cells
betweten a stows niaternis anst its set of voseular bundies? regien has what typt of speciat
medificatien? +. What are the basio parts of the body of an herer? S. Lige thrte frimetions of a
leaf. rretection 6. The point whert a lesf is attached to a steni is called a flamblut ateve this point
is an blans bud 7. Afer a leaf falls off s sten, it leaves a blank juct above the awebliary buid 8.
What is phylletaxy? a. cons and irises have twe rews of leaves. This is konown as hams
phyilstaxy? 9. beccrite cach of the following specialize sheots: stolen, rhizome tubec, bule, epre,
and tendrils 10. All flewering plants have two types of vaceular tiscues, blane, mbian iond sts
weter and minerate a wit blews, which distritutes shgar and miverats Desoribe the components of
basio stem organization. 2. What is the name of the region of eelle between a sten's epidemis and
its set of vasentar bundles? F. in most plants, this stem is just a compast parenchyma tissue, but
in some aquatie angiosperms that tive submerged in lakes or oceans, this egion has what type of
speciat modification? 4. What are the basio parts of the body of an herb? 5. List three functions
of a leaf. Protection 6. The point where a leaf is attached to a stem is called a blank Just above
this point is an blanis bud 7. After a leaf falls off a stem, it leaves a blank just above the
twexiliany bud 8. What is phytlotaxy? a. Com and inises have two rows of leaves. This is known
as blowik phylletaxy? 9. Deseribe cach of the following specialize shoots: stolow, hizome tuker,
bulle eem, and tendrits.
This document provides information on the parts of flowers and seeds. It defines key terms like inflorescence, dicotyledonous flower, monoecious, dioecious, hermaphrodite. It describes the male and female parts of flowers and their roles in reproduction. It also defines fruit and seed, and categorizes fruits as dry, fleshy, dehiscent, indehiscent. Examples are given for each fruit category. The structure of monocot and dicot seeds is also described.
This document contains a review for the 1oESO Earth and Living Things subject. It includes 10 questions on various topics:
1. Drawing and naming cell parts and defining nutrition, interaction, and reproduction.
2. Characteristics of living things and filling in blanks about sensing environment, types of reproduction, cell types, and vital functions.
3. Explaining the interaction process in living things and substances that make up living things.
4. Questions cover biodiversity, fossils, classification of living things, microorganisms, plants, animals, units of measurement, states of matter, minerals, rocks, and the solar system.
This document outlines the learning outcomes and content for a plant biology course. It covers the structure and functions of leaves, including adaptations and variations. It also addresses plant cell structure and function, and the organization of cells into tissues. The structure of leaves is described internally and externally. Leaf adaptations are explained for processes like photosynthesis, climbing, environments, storage and protection. Leaf forms and arrangements are also defined. Plant cells are examined at the structural and functional level. Active cell division sites and basic plant tissues are characterized. Three new plants will be introduced for identification.
This document outlines the learning outcomes and content for a plant biology course. It covers the structure and functions of leaves, including adaptations and variations. It also addresses plant cell structure and function, and the organization of cells into tissues. The structure of leaves is described internally and externally. Leaf adaptations for tasks like climbing, environments, food storage, and protection are noted. Leaf arrangement and forms are discussed. Plant cells, tissues, and active cell division sites are defined. Three new plants will be introduced for identification.
The document summarizes plant tissues and organs. It describes that plants have organs composed of tissues which are made of cells with specific functions. The three main plant organs are roots, stems, and leaves. These organs are divided into the root system and shoot system. The document then discusses the different types of tissues that make up these organs, including dermal tissue (epidermis, roots hairs, trichomes), ground tissues (parenchyma, collenchyma, sclerenchyma), and vascular tissues (xylem, phloem). It provides details on the structure and function of each type of tissue.
This document discusses the parts of plants, focusing on roots. It defines different types of roots including primary, secondary, tap, lateral, fibrous, and adventitious roots. The structure of roots is described, including the radicle, root cap, root hairs, cortex, pericycle, and tissues within the root like epidermis, endodermis, xylem and phloem. Roots are adapted to absorb water and nutrients from soil, provide anchorage, and store food. Some plants form symbiotic relationships with nitrogen-fixing bacteria or mycorrhizal fungi. The learning objectives cover identifying plant parts, root development and structure, adaptations, and symbiosis.
This document defines and describes various plant vocabulary terms and plant structures. It discusses the key characteristics that define plants, such as being eukaryotic and having cell walls. It also outlines the basic needs of plants to survive, including sunlight, water, carbon dioxide, and nutrient/water transport systems. The document further categorizes major plant groups such as nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, gymnosperms, and angiosperms, and provides examples to illustrate their distinguishing features.
This document defines and describes various plant vocabulary terms and plant structures. It discusses the key characteristics that define plants, such as performing photosynthesis and having cell walls. It also outlines the three main plant structures of roots, stems, and leaves. Additionally, it describes the processes of photosynthesis, water and nutrient transport throughout plants via xylem and phloem tissue, plant growth and development, and plant reproduction including the parts of flowers and the process of seed formation.
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Class 11 Important Questions for Biology - Morphology of Flowering Plants
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F.Y.J.C. Science Morphology of Flowering Plants
Morphology of Flowering Plants
❖ EXERCISE
1. Describe various parts of an angiospermic plant with a well labelled diagram.
2. Describe different modifications of root with suitable examples.
3. Describe the underground modifications of stem.
4. What is aestivation? Describe various types of aestivation.
5. Give a brief account of various types of fruits.
6. Explain with suitable examples the different types of phyllotaxy. Give significance of
phyllotaxy.
7. Classify meristems on the basis of their position in plant body and describe the
different types. OR
Give the classification of meristem according to its position. OR
State the location and function of different types of meristems. OR
8. Describe various types of vascular bundles.
9. Give a brief account of water conducting tissue of higher plants. OR
Describe the structure of xylem.
10. Sketch, label and describe T.S. of Typical dicot stem. OR
With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe T.S. of dicot stem (sunflower).
11. Differentiate between root and stem.
12. What is phyllotaxy? Give its significance.
13. “Potato is a stem and sweet potato is a root” Justify the statement.
14. Differentiate between actinomorphic and zygomorphic flower.
15. Describe the structure of a typical fruit.
16. Describe racemose type of inflorescence.
17. Describe different types of placentation.
18. Describe vexillary aestivation with a suitable example.
19. Describe the first accessory whorl of the flower.
20. What are true and false fruits ? Explain with examples.
21. Write a note on aggregate fruits.
22. Sketch and lable V.S of mango fruit.
23. Describe sclerenchyma fibres. OR
With a suitable diagram describe Sclerenchyma. Add a note on its occurrence and types.
Also explain its functions.
24. Describe the living tissue that gives flexible mechanical strength. OR
25. Write a short note on collenchyma.
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F.Y.J.C. Science Morphology of Flowering Plants
26. Enlist characteristics of meristematic tissues. OR
Give the characteristics of meristematic tissues.
27. Describe parenchyma in detail. OR
Write a note on parenchyma.
28. Sketch and label T.S. of phloem tissue.
29. Write short notes on:
a. Pneumatophore b. Stilt roots c. Phylloclade
d. Bulbil e. Leaf tendril
30. Enlist various symbols used in writing floral formula.
31. Give the vegetative and floral characters (two each) of family Fabaceae.
32. Define the following terms:
a. Placentation b. Actinomorphic flower c. Zygomorphic flower
d. Perigynous flower e. Apocarpous pistil
33. Why stilt roots are present in monocots like maize and jowar ?
34. Why phylloclade of Opuntia is thick and fleshy?
35. What are tendrils ?
36. Why vascular bundles of dicot stem are described as conjoint, collateral and open
37. What is polyarch condition ?
38. What is dorsiventral leaf ?
39. Why concentric bundles are always closed ?
40. What is hard bast ?
41. How is the arrangement of vascular bundles in dicot and monocot stem ?
42. How are the vascular bundles of root ?
43. Which is the most evolved and dominating member of kingdom plantae?
44. How many species of flowering plants are present?
45. Define the following terms.
i. Morphology ii. Anatomy
46. Describe various parts of an angiospermic plant with a well labelled diagram.
47. What is root system and shoot system?
48. Give the characteristics of root.
49. Describe various regions of a typical root with the help of a neat labelled diagram.
50. Give normal functions of root.
51. Explain various types of adventitious roots which are modified for mechanical
support.
52. Mention the types of root system.
53. Describe tap root or true root system.
54. Describe adventitious or fibrous root system.
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55. Differentiate between Tap root system and Adventitious root system.
56. Differentiate between: Fibrous root and Adventitious root.
57. What is modification of roots? Explain the modification of tap roots for storage.
58. Explain the modification of adventitious roots for food storage.
59. Write a note on epiphytic roots.
60. Why epiphytic roots are also called as assimilatory roots?
61. Give an account of roots modified for absorption. OR
62. Write a note on Parasitic roots/Sucking roots/Haustoria.
63. What are the normal functions of root?
64. What is meant by modification of root? What type of modification of root are found in
(A) Banyan tree (B) Turnip (C) Mangrove trees.
65. Define the following terms:
i. Stem ii. Bud iii. Apical bud iv. Axillary bud
v. Adventitious bud vi. Node vii. Internode
66. Sketch and label a typical stem.
67. What are the primary functions of stem?
68. Write the important characteristics of the stem.
69. Give an account of various types of buds.
70. What are the various modifications shown by stem?
71. Explain various sub-aerial modifications of stem.
72. Describe various aerial modifications of stem.
73. Describe the modifications of stem with suitable examples.
74. What are cladodes?
75. Give the characteristics of leaf.
76. Give an account of various parts of a typical dicot leaf.
77. What is venation? Write its types and add a note on significance of venation.
78. Define simple leaf and Compound leaf.
79. What are the two types of compound leaves?
80. How is pinnately compound leaf different from a palmately compound leaf?
81. Give an account of leaf spines.
82. Write a note on leaf hook,
83. Write a note on phyllode.
84. How do various leaf modification help plants?
85. Write the primary functions of leaf.
86. Distinguish between phylloclade and phyllode.
87. Define inflorescence and state its types.
88. Explain cymose inflorescence.
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89. Define the term inflorescence. Explain the basis for the different types of
inflorescence in flowering plants.
90. Write the significance of inflorescence.
91. Differentiate between racemose and cymose inflorescence.
92. Define flower. Describe structure of a typical flower and mention important
functions of each part. OR
What is a flower? Describe the parts of a typical angiospermic flower.
93. Explain the classification of flowers based on the position of ovary in the flower or
insertion of floral leaves. OR
Describe the arrangement of floral members in relation to their insertion on thalamus.
94. Write the functions of i. Calyx ii. Corolla
95. What are unisexual and bisexual flowers?
96. What is hermaphrodite flower?
97. Which whorls are essential floral whorls? What functions do they serve?
98. What is adelphy?
99. Write a note on ‘Adelphy’ in stamens.
100. Write the structural characteristics of anther.
101. Define syngeny.
102. What is a connective?
103. Define the following terms:
i. Aestivation: ii. Placentation: iii. Actinomorphic flower:
iv. Zygomorphic flower: v. Superior ovary: vi. Perigynous flower:
vii. Apocarpous pistil: viii. Irregular flower/Asymmetrical flower:
vii. Epipetalous stamens: viii. Syncarpous gvnoecium:
ix. Apocarpous gynoecium:
104. Classify flowers on the basis of symmetry.
105. Differentiate between: Apocarpous and syncarpous ovary.
106. Justify the following statements on the basis of external features:
107. Define fruit.
108. What are parthenocarpic fruits?
109. With suitable diagram give an account of composite or multiple fruits.
110. Define seed
111. Describe the structure of a dicotyledonous seed. OR
Draw a labelled diagram of gram seed.
112. Describe the structure of a monocotyledonous seed. OR
Draw the labelled diagram of V.S of maize grain.
113. Define floral diagram.
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114. In C(5), what does symbol C, number 5 and bracket indicate?
115. Describe the family Fabaceae with suitable floral diagram. OR
Take one flower of family Fabaceae and write its essential description. Also draw
their floral diagrams after studying them.
116. Give the economic importance of family Fabaceae.
117. Describe the family Solanaceae with suitable floral diagram. OR
118. Take one flower of family Solanaceae and write its essential description. Also draw
their floral diagrams after studying them.
119. Give the economic importance of family solanaceae.
120. Describe the family Liliaceae with suitable floral diagram.
121. Give the economic importance of family Liliaceae.
122. Write the floral formula of a actinomorphic, bisexual, hypogynous flower with five
united sepals, five free petals, five free stamens and two united carpels with superior
ovary and axile placentation.
123. Define the following:
1. Tissue 2. Meristematic tissue: 3. Simple tissues
4. Complex tissues 5. Permanent tissues 6. Aerenchyma
7. Primary xylem 8. Secondary xylem
124. Which is the most important characteristics of meristematic tissue?
125. Give the classification of Meristems on the basis of origin and development.
126. What is the function of inter-calary meristem?
127. Classify meristems on the basis of functions.
128. Give the functions of meristem.
129. Which are complex permanent tissues?
130. Why are xylem and phloem called complex tissue?
131. Write the characteristic features of permanent tissues.
132. What is the function of aerenchyma?
133. Which cells are also called stone cells?
134. Describe the structure of phloem. OR
Sketch and label. T.S. of phloem tissue
135. Differentiate between xylem and phloem.
136. In which type of vascular bundle secondary growth can take place?
137. What is concentric vascular bundle?
138. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the anatomy of a dicot root.
139. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the T.S. of a monocot root.
140. Distinguish between anatomy of dicot and monocot roots.
141. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the structure of monocot stem.
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F.Y.J.C. Science Morphology of Flowering Plants
142. Draw illustrations to bring out the anatomical difference between:
a. Monocot root and dicot root
b. Monocot stem and dicot stem
143. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the internal structure of
dorsiventral leaf.
144. With the help of a neat labelled diagram, describe the anatomy of isobilateral leaf.
145. What is the difference between dorsiventral and isobilateral leaf?
❖ MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Roots are described as adventitious depending upon their
(A) anatomy (C) function
(B) origin (D) position (aerial or underground)
2. A fibrous root system is best adapted to perform which of the following functions?
(A) Storage of food
(B) Transport of water and organic food
(C) Absorption of water and minerals from
(D)Anchorage of the plant into the soil
3. Adventitious roots develop from
(A) radicle
(B) any part of the plant body except the radicle
(C) flower
(D) embryo
4. In sweet potato, food is stored in
(A) roots (B) stem (C) leaves (D) petiole
5. The root system grow out from the
(A) plumule of the embryo (C) embryo of the seed
(B) radicle of the embryo (D) all of these
6. The conical root of carrot is a
(A) fibrous root (C) adventitious root
(B) tap root (D) haustorial root
7. Pneumatophores are found in the plants growing in
(A) swamps (B) alpine region (C) foot hills (D) along the river banks
8. When the root is swollen in the middle and tapers at both ends, it will be called as
(A) tuberous root (C) conical root
(B) fusiform root (D) napiform root
9. A spongy tissue called velamen is present in
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(A) breathing roots (C) tuberous roots
(B) parasitic roots (D) epiphytic roots
10. Pneumatophores are helpful in
(A) protein synthesis (C) transpiration
(B) respiration (D) carbohydrate metabolism
11. Stilt roots are
(A) primary roots (C) secondary roots
(B) adventitious roots (D) tap roots
12. Which of the following is not a food storage modification of stem?
(A) Stolon (B) Corm (C) Tuber (D) Bulb
13. Total stem parasite is
(A) Cuscuta (B) Loranthus (C) Rafflesia (D) Viscum
14. The primary function of stem is
(A) to bear and expose leaves to sunlight
(B) to anchor the plant in soil
(C) to absorb water and mineral salts from the soil
(D)to help in vegetative reproduction
15. The stem modified to perform the function of leaf and with many intemodes is called
(A) phylloclade (B) cladode (C) offset (D) phyllode
16. Pulvinus leaf base is present in
(A) mango (B) jowar (C) banana (D) banyan
17. The axillary buds arise
(A) at the end point of stem tip
(B) between leaf lamina and stem axis
(C) below leaf lamina and stem axis
(D)at leaf margins
18. Corm is
(A) a horizontal underground stem
(B) an underground root
(C) an underground vertical stem
(D)an aerial stem modification
19. Sweet potato is a modification of
(A) leaf (C) tap root
(B) adventitious root (D) stem
20. Which one of the following is not related to corm?
(A) Nodes (B) Internodes (C) Scaly leaves (D) Tunicates
21. Phylloclade is the modification of
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(A) leaf (B) stem (C) petiole (D) root
22. The edible portion in a fresh onion comprises
(A) leaf bases (C) swollen stem
(B) buds and leaf bases (D) disc-like stem
23. A rhizome differs from corm in its
(A) thickness (C) direction of growth
(B) basic organization (D) nature of leaves
24. The tendrils of sweet pea plant are modified
(A) axillary buds (C) terminal leaflets of a compound leaf
(B) stipules (D) aerial roots
25. In which of the following the stem is very much reduced?
(A) Bulb (B) Rhizome (C) Corm (D) Phylloclade
26. Eyes in potato tubers represent
(A) scars (B) internodes (C) root bases (D) nodes with buds
27. Cladode is the characteristic morphological feature of
(A) Asparagus (B) Opuntia (C) Cactus (D) Citrus
28. Modification of petiole into leaf-like structure is called
(A) cladode (B)phylloclade (C) phyllode (D) diode
29. The leaves without petiole are called
(A) sessile (B) petiolate (C) rachis (D) lamina
30. Flower is best defined as a
(A) modified gametophyte (C) vegetative propagule
(B) modified shoot (D) modified sporophyll
31. When sepals fall just after opening of the flower, they are termed as
(A) persistent (B) caduceus (C) remnant (D) deciduous
32. An important function of flower is
(A) secretion of nectar (C) production of offsprings
(B) insect pollination (D) aesthetic
33. Non-essential floral parts are
(A) corolla and calyx (C) calyx and gynoecium
(B) corolla and carpel (D) androecuim and gynoecium.
34. Leaf apex is modified into tendril in
(A) Gloriosa (B) Pea (C) Smilax (D) Lathyrus
35. The venation pattern in mango is
(A) reticulate unicostate (C) reticulate multicostate
(B) parallel unicostate (D) parallel multicostate
36. In a raceme, the flowers are
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(A) arranged in a basipetal succession
(B) arranged in an aeropetal succession
(C) of separate sexes
(D)of same sex
37. One of the following is characteristic of cymose inflorescence
(A) Centripetal opening of flowers (C) Acropetal succession of flowers
(B) Basipetal succession of flowers (D) Simultaneous opening of flowers
38. Racemose inflorescence is found in
(A) Jasmine (B) Rose (C) China rose (D) Caesalpinia
39. The axis of the inflorescence is known as
(A) Thalamus (B) Peduncle (C) Pedicel (D) Petiole
40. If the penduncle shows indeterminate or indefinite growth producing flowers
laterally in an acropetal order i.e., youngest near the apex and older near the base of
the inflorescence is
(A) racemose (B) cymose (C) mixed (D) specialised
41. When the gynoecium is present at the topmost position of the thalamus, the flower
is known as
(A) inferior (B) epigynous (C) perigynous (D) hypogynous
42. When the flower is hypogynous, the ovary is said to be
(A) inferior (B) superior (C) semi-inferior (D) semi-superior
43. If the ovary is situated at the centre of remaining three whorls is, then it is known as
(A) perigynous (B) epigynous (C) hypogynous (D) actinomorphic
44. The part of the seed which forms the shoot at the time of germination is called
(A) plumule (B) radicle (C) epicotyl (D) hypocotyl
45. The most characteristic feature of basal placentation is
(A) single ovule (C) multilocular condition
(B) bilocular condition (D) presence of central axis
46. The mode of arrangement of leaves on the stem and the branch is known as
(A) vernalization (B) venation (C) venation (D) phyllotaxy
47. Which one of the following is not a fruit?
(A) Tomato (B) Cucumber (C) Pumpkin (D) Potato
48. Pineapple is an example of
(A) simple dry fruit (C) aggregate fruit
(B) composite fruit (D) simple-fleshy fruit
49. Find the odd one out.
(A) alternate (B) whorled (C) marginal (D) opposite
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50. If the margins, sepals and petals do not overlap but they just touch each other, it is
described as
(A) vexillary (B) valvate (C) imbricate (D) contorted
51. In cucumber, the edible part is
(A) mesocarp (C) pericarp and thalamus
(B) endocarp (D) pericarp, placenta and seeds
52. Papilionaceous corolla is the characteristic feature of ___________ family.
(A) Solanaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Liliaceae (D) Malvaceae.
53. Brinjal belongs to family
(A) Liliaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Malvaceae (D) Solanaceae
54. __________ family is the characteristic representative of monocotyledonous plants.
(A) Solanaceae (B) Fabaceae (C) Malvaceae (D) Liliaceae
55. Meristematic tissues are found in
(A) only stems of the plants (C) in all growing tips of the plant body
(B) both roots and stems (D) only roots of the plants
56. Outer seed coat is called
(A) testa (B) tegmen (C) raphe (D) micropyle
57. Fibres associated with phloem are called as
(A) intraxyllary (C) bast fibers
(B) sclerenchyma fibres (D) cortical fibres
58. Most active cell divisions occur in cells of
(A) xylem (C) apical meristem
(B) phloem (D) sclerenchyma
59. Meristematic cells contain
(A) thin homogenous cell wall (C) large nuclei
(B) dense cytoplasm (D) all of these
60. Primary tissues of a plant
(A) add to the length of roots and shoots
(B) add to the diameter of existing roots and shoots
(C) are only in the embryo
(D)are only in the seedling
61. Collenchyma differs from sclerenchyma in
(A) retaining protoplasm at maturity
(B) having thick walls
(C) having inside lumen
(D)being dead
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62. Generally, plant cell wall is made up of
(A) cellulose and pectin (C) chitin
(B) only cellulose (D) murein
63. The characteristic feature of meristematic tissue is
(A) large sized cells (C) presence of mucilage
(B) thin cell walls (D) presence of vacuoles
64. One thing that is common between sclerenchyma and collenchyma is
(A) to provide support (C) help in buoyancy
(B) help in material transport (D) conduction of water and minerals
65. Which of the following tissues is with dead thick-walled cells without intercellular
spaces?
(A) parenchyma (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) phloem
66. Parenchyma has
(A) inter cellular spaces and uniform thickening
(B) deposition on comers
(C) deposition at angles
(D)deposition in forms of bands
67. Thickening of collenchyma are due to
(A) lignin and pectin (C) cellulose
(B) pectin and hemicellulose (D) cellulose and pectin
68. The cells which have lignin at comers are
(A) parenchyma (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) none of these
69. Lignified cell wall is the characteristic feature of
(A) phloem cells (B) epidermal cells (C) cambial cells (D) xylem cells
70. Dead cells that serve a mechanical function are called
(A) sclerenchyma (C) wood parenchyma
(B) companion cells (D) collenchyma.
71. In which of the following characters, a monocot root differs from dicot root?
(A) open vascular bundle (C) radial vascular bundles
(B) large pith (D) scattered vascular bundles
72. Sieve tubes are components of
(A) xylem (B) phloem (C) parenchyma (D) sclerenchyma
73. Hypodermis is collenchymatous in
(A) monocot stem (C) both (A) and (B)
(B) dicot stem (D) monocot root
74. Lysigenous cavity filled with water is present in
(A) dicot stem (B) monocot stem (C)monocot root (D) dicot root
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75. Lignin is the important constituent in cell wall of
(A) parenchyma (B) meristem (C) phloem (D) xylem
76. Apical meristem, intercalary meristem and lateral meristem are differentiated on the
basis of
(A) Development (B) function (C) origin (D) position
77. Conduction of water occurs through
(A) parenchyma (B) sclerenchyma (C) xylem (D) phloem
78. The vascular bundle in a dicot stem are
(A) collateral and open (C) bicollateral and open
(B) radial (D) collateral and closed
79. Vascular bundles of dicot root are
(A) radial exarch (C) conjoint exarch
(B) radial endarch (D) conjoint endarch
80. The tissue responsible for translocation of food material is
(A) xylem (B) cambium (C) parenchyma (D) phloem
81. Xylem and phloem are described as
(A) meristematic tissues (C) simple permanent tissues
(B) storage tissues (D) complex permanent tissues
82. The tissue which is present in between xylem and phloem of stem is called
(A) apical meristem (C) vascular cambium
(B) pericycle (D) cork cambium
83. Find the odd one out
(A) phloem (B) collenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) parenchyma
84. Which of the following give mechanical strength to the plant?
(A) xylem (B) parenchyma (C) sclerenchyma (D) both(A) and (C)
85. In a dicot stem, the vascular bundle is
(A) radial (B) concentric (C) closed (D) collateral
86. In collateral vascular bundle,
(A) xylem is outside and phloem is inside
(B) phloem is towards periphery and xylem is towards centre
(C) xylem is surrounded by phloem
(D) xylem and phloem lie side by side in different radii
87. Generally, the pith consists of
(A) chlorenchyma (B) sclerenchyma (C) parenchyma (D) xylem
88. Vessels are present in
(A) all plants (B) spermatophyte (C) augiosperm (D) dicots