This document is a school project on matter and its states by a 9th grade student named Jyoti Kumari. It defines matter as anything that has mass and takes up space, and discusses the three states of matter - solid, liquid, and gas. It explains the characteristics of each state in terms of intermolecular forces and kinetic energy of particles. The document also covers topics like temperature, the units used to measure it, melting point, boiling point, evaporation, the factors that affect evaporation, and some sample questions related to these concepts.

1. PROJECT
WORK

2. NAME-JYOTI KUMARI
CLASS-IX-A
ROLL NO.01
GUIDED BY-S.K.YADAV

3. MATTER IN OUR
SURROUNDING

4.  Anything which is mass and occupied space is
called matter.
 EXAMPLE-air , water , table.
 TYPES OF MATTER
 1.Solid state
 2.Liquid state
 3.Gaseous state

5.  Solid have fixed shape and fixed mass.
 1. In the solid intermolecular force of
attraction is very strong.
 2.In solid intermolecular space is very less.
 3.Kinetic energy of particles is heglizible or
zero.
 4. Rate of diffusion of solid is very less.

6.  1. In the liquid intermolecular force of
attraction is less than solid.
 2. Intermolecular space is more than solid
but less than gas
 3. Kinetic energy of particles is more than
solid.
 4.Rate of diffusion is more then solid.

7.  Gaseous have not fixed volume and does not fixed
shape.
 1.In the gas intermolecular force of attraction is
very week.
 2.Rate of diffusion is maximum in gaseous state.
 3.Kinetic energy of particles is very less.
 4.In the gaseous state, the particles move about
ramdomly at high speed.

8.  The intermixing of particles of two different types of matter on their
own is called diffusion.
 TEMPERATURE-It is a measurement of degree of hotness of any body is
called temperature.
 THERMAMETER-It is a device to measure the temperature of any body is
called thermameter.
 UNITER OF TEMPERATURE
 Degree celecius
 Forehint
 Kelvin
melting point
The temperature at which a solid melt to become a liquid at the
atmospheric pressure.
boiling point
The temperature at which a liquid start boiling at the atmospheric pressure

9. It is a process in which solid is directly convert into
gaseous state without under going liquid state
1.Latent heat of fusion:The amount of heat energy is
required to change 1kg of solid into its liquid state
at its melting point,without rising a temperature
2.Latent heat of vaporistion:The amount of heat
energy is required to change 1kg of liquid into its
gaseous state at its boiling point,without rising a
temperature.
3.Latent heat or hidden point mean:Additional heat is
used to overcome the face of attraction between
constituent i.e. contrast the state of matter
without rising a temperature.

10. It is a process of convertion of liquid into its
gaseous state is called evaporation.
1.Evaporation get place at the surface of liquid
2.The absorb the heat from the
surrounding,increase the kinetic energy of
molecular present at the surface.
3.Molecular can easily scape and converted
into gas.
4.Evaporation causes at any temperature but
below its boiling point.
5.Evaporation always shows the cooling effect.

12. 1.Effect of temperature
2.Effect of surface area
3.Effect of speed of wind
4.Effect of humidity
5.Nature of liquid

13.  Effect of temperature-Rate of evaporation is
directly proportional to temperature.Rate of
evaporation is increase by increasing the
temperature.
 Effect of surface area-Rate of evaporation is
directly proportional of the surface area.It is
increases by increasing the surface area.
 Speed of wind-Rate of evaporation is
increase with increases the speed of wind.
 Effect of humidity

14.  Q1.What is matter?Explain 3 states of matter.
 Q2.What is evaporation?Write 3 fators on which evaporation
depend.
 Q3.Why the temperature of water remain constand during
boiling?
 Q4.Write down the difference between gas and vapour.
 Q5. How does the water in the pot become cool during
summer?
 Q6.Why does we see water droplets on the outer surface of a
glass containing ice cold water?
 Q7.Why does napthalean ball disappear without leaving any
solid?
 Q8.Give reasons why does the evaporation is a surface
phenomen.
 Q9.Convert the following from ◦c to ◦f
i)25◦c ii)35◦c iii)100◦c
 Q10.Why should we wear cotton clothes in summer seasons?