This document provides an overview of matter and its properties. It discusses the following key points:
1) Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass. It can be classified based on physical state (solid, liquid, gas), chemical composition (pure substances and mixtures), and early Indian philosophical elements.
2) Matter is made of very tiny particles that are in continuous motion, have space between them, and attract each other.
3) The three states of matter are solids, liquids, and gases, which differ in their particle arrangement and movement as well as properties like compressibility. Changes of state like melting, boiling, and sublimation occur when heat is added or removed.
This chapter is for class 9 based on CBSE curriculum in which physical nature of matter, its characteristics are discussed along with states of matter, their inconversion, scales of temperature and difference between boiling and evaporation and factors affecting evaporation with inforgraphics and key points.
This chapter is for class 9 based on CBSE curriculum in which physical nature of matter, its characteristics are discussed along with states of matter, their inconversion, scales of temperature and difference between boiling and evaporation and factors affecting evaporation with inforgraphics and key points.
Best PowerPoint presentation on NCERT class 9 Atoms and Molecules as per CBSE syllabus it covers full chapter with all information.
By Raxit Gupta
9C
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BALLYGUNGE
PPT FOR CBSE, ICSE BOARD,
CHAPTER 1: MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDING
MATTER, PROPERTIES OF MATTER, CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER, DIFFUSION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION, KEY OINTS, NOTES.
EXPERIMENTS: PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE VERY SMALL
PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE ALWAYS MOVING
PARTICLES OF MATTER HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXPERIMENT
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
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Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
Best PowerPoint presentation on NCERT class 9 Atoms and Molecules as per CBSE syllabus it covers full chapter with all information.
By Raxit Gupta
9C
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA BALLYGUNGE
PPT FOR CBSE, ICSE BOARD,
CHAPTER 1: MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDING
MATTER, PROPERTIES OF MATTER, CHARACTERISTICS OF MATTER, DIFFUSION, EVAPORATION, SUBLIMATION, KEY OINTS, NOTES.
EXPERIMENTS: PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE VERY SMALL
PARTICLES OF MATTER ARE ALWAYS MOVING
PARTICLES OF MATTER HAVE SPACE BETWEEN THEM.
POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE EXPERIMENT
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9Shivam Parmar
I have expertise in making educational and other PPTs. Email me for more PPTs at a very reasonable price that perfectly fits in your budget.
Email: parmarshivam105@gmail.com
Chapter - 2, Is matter around us pure?, Science, Class 9
PURE SUBSTANCES
WHAT IS A MIXTURE?
HOMOGENEOUS MIXTURE
HETEROGENEOUS MIXTURE
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN MIXTURES AND COMPOUNDS
SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF SOLUTION
DIFFERENT TYPES OF SOLUTIONS
CONCENTRATION
SUSPENSION
COLLOIDAL SOLUTION
PROPERTIES OF COLLOIDS
TYNDALL EFFECT
COMPONENTS OF COLLOID
SEPARATING THE COMPONENTS OF A MIXTURE
PHYSICAL CHANGE
CHEMICAL CHANGE
Every topic of this chapter is well written concisely and visuals will help you in understanding and imagining the practicality of all the topics.
By Shivam Parmar (Entrepreneur)
CHANGEOF STATE
STATES OF MATTER
There are three states, or phases, of matter.
They are:
Solid
Liquid
Gas
When a substance changes from one state, or phase, of matter to another we say that it has undergone a change of state.
MELTING
The change of state from solid to liquid state is called melting.
The temperature at which the solid states of the substance changes into the liquid states of the substance is called its melting point.
The temperature remains constant until the entire amount solid is converted into liquid state
VAPORISATION
The change of state from liquid to vapour is called vaporisation.
The liquid and vapour states of the substance coexist in thermal equilibrium during the change of state from liquid to vapour.
The temperature at which the liquid states of the substance change to its vapour state is called its boiling point.
CONDENSATION
The process of changing gas (or vapour) to a liquid by cooling is called condensation
Condensation is the reverse of boiling (or vaporisation).
FREEZING
The process f changing a liquid into a solid by cooling is called freezing
Freezing is reverse of melting
Freezing means solidification.
SUBLIMATION AND DESPOSITION
The process of changing of solid directly into vapour (or gas) is called sublimation.
The process of changing of vapour (or gas) directly into solid is called sublimation and desposition.
EFFECT OF PRESSURE ON MELTING POINT
Under normal atmospheric pressure, ice melts at 0 °C. However, this can change if the air pressure changes.
When the two ice cubes are pressed together, the melting point is lowered.
The ice melts since its temperature (0 °C) is above the new melting point.
When the ice cubes are released, the ice freezes again at 0 °C joining the two ice cubes together.
The answer for:
1)Give me a group of girls whose height is > than 156 cm is E,F,G.
2) The answers for Piano and Guitar question is:
n(U) =8,
n(A)=3,
n(B)=4
(A n B) = 1
( A U B)= 6
(A U B)' = 2
Only Piano ( A - B)=2
Only guitar(B-A) =3
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June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
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• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
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Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
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This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
Matter in our surroundings for class 9 to understand better!!!!!!
1. CHAPTER - 1
MATTER IN OUR SURROUNDINGS
CLASS :- IX
MADE BY :- RISHIKESH KUMAR
SCHOOL :- K.V. NO. 1 DELHI CANTT-110010
2. 1a) Matter :-
Matter is anything which occupies space and has mass.
b) Classification of matter :-
i) Early Indian philosophers classified in the form of five
basic elements as air, earth, fire, sky and water called
Panch Tatva.
ii) On the basis of the physical state matter is classified as
solids, liquids and gases.
iii) On the basis of chemical composition matter is
classified as pure substances and mixtures.
Pure substances may be elements or compounds.
Mixtures may be homogeneous mixtures or
heterogeneous mixtures.
3. 2) Physical nature of matter :-
i) Matter is made up of particles.
ii) The particles of matter are very tiny.
iii) The particles of matter have space between them.
iii) The particles of matter are continuously moving.
iv) The particles of matter attract each other.
a) Matter is made up particles :-
Activity :- Take some water in a beaker and note its level. Dissolve
some salt or sugar in it with the help of a glass rod. The salt dissolves
in the water but the level of water does not change. This is because the
particles of water get into the space between the particles of water. This
shows that matter is made up of particles.
4. b) The particles of matter are very tiny :-
Activity :- Dissolve 2 – 3 crystals of potassium permanganate in
100ml of water in a beaker. Take 10ml of this solution and dissolve in
100ml of water. Take 10ml of this solution and dissolve in 100ml of
water. Repeat this process 5 – 6 times. This shows that a few crystals
of potassium permanganate can colour a large volume of water
because there are millions of tiny particles in each crystal.
10ml 10ml 10ml
I00ml 100ml 100ml 100ml
5. C) The particles of matter have space between them :-
Activity :- Take some water in a beaker and note its level. Dissolve
some salt or sugar in it with the help of a glass rod. The salt dissolves
in the water but the level of water does not change. This is because
the particles of salt get into the space between the particles of water.
6. d) Particles of matter are continuously moving :-
Activity :- Take some water in a beaker and put a drop of blue or red
ink slowly along the sides of the beaker. Leave it undisturbed for a
few hours. The ink spreads evenly throughout the water due to the
movement of the particles of water and ink.
The intermixing of two or more different types of matter on their
own is called diffusion.
7. e) Particles of matter attract each other :-
Activity :- Take an iron nail, a piece of chalk and a rubber band. Try
breaking them by hammering, cutting or stretching. It is more easier
to break the chalk, less easier to break the rubber band and difficult
to break the iron nail. This is because the particles in the iron nail
are held together with greater force than in the rubber band or chalk.
8. 3) States of matter :-
Matter exists in three different states. They are :- i) Solid ii) Liquid
iii) Gas
a) Properties of solids :-
i) Solids have definite shapes and fixed volume.
ii) The space between the particle is minimum.
iii) The force of attraction between the particles is maximum.
iv) The movement of the particles is minimum.
v) They are least compressible.
vi) Their rate of diffusion is least.
9. b) Properties of liquids :-
i) Liquids have no definite shape but have fixed volume. Liquids take
the shape of the container.
ii) The space between the particles is intermediate.
iii) The force of attraction between the particles is intermediate.
iv) The movement of the particles is intermediate.
v) They are less compressible.
vi) Their rate of diffusion is more than solids.
10. C) Properties of gases :-
i) Gases have no definite shape or fixed volume. Gases occupy the
whole space of the container.
ii) The space between the particles is maximum.
iii) The force of attraction between the particles is minimum.
iv) The movement of the particles is maximum.
v) They are most compressible.
vi) Their rate of diffusion is more than solids and liquids.
11.
12. 4) Change of state :-
When a solid is heated it changes into liquid. When a liquid is heated
it changes into gas.
When a gas is cooled it changes to liquid. When a liquid is cooled it
changes into solid.
E.g.:- If ice is heated it changes into water. If water is heated it
changes into steam. If steam is cooled it changes into water. If water is
cooled it changes into ice.
Heat Heat
Cool Cool
Solid state Liquid state Gaseous state
13.
14. a) Melting (Fusion) :-
When a solid is heated, the particles begin to vibrate with greater
speed and begin to move more freely. Then at a particular temperature
the solid melts and changes into liquid. The process of melting is also
known as fusion.
The temperature at which a solid melts is called its melting point. The
melting point of ice is 00
C or 273 K.
Latent heat of fusion :-
The amount of heat energy required to change 1kg of a solid into liquid
at atmospheric pressure at its melting point is called the latent heat of
fusion.
15.
16. b) Boiling :-
When a liquid is heated, its particles begin to move even faster.
Then at a particular temperature the liquid begins to boil and changes
into gas (vapour).
Boiling is a bulk phenomenon. When a liquid boils the bulk of the
liquid changes into vapour.
The temperature at which a liquid starts boiling is called its boiling
point. The boiling point of water is 1000
C or 373K ( 273 + 100).
Latent heat of vapourization :-
The amount of heat energy required to change 1kg of a liquid into
gas at atmospheric pressure at its boiling point is called the latent
heat of vaporisation.
17.
18.
19. c) Sublimation :-
The change of state directly from solid to gas or from gas to solid is
called sublimation.
E.g. :- If solid camphor or ammonium chloride is heated, it changes
into vapour. If the vapours are cooled it changes into solid.
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
Ammonium chloride
vapours
Ammonium chloride
solidified
Inverted funnel
Cotton
China dish
Burner
20. d) Effect of pressure on gases :-
When pressure is applied on gas the particles come closer and the
gas changes into liquid.
We can liquefy gases by applying pressure and reducing the
temperature.
Compressed solid carbon dioxide is called dry ice. If the pressure is
reduced it changes directly to gas without coming into liquid state.
So solid carbon dioxide is known as dry ice.
21. 5) Interconversion of the three states of matter :-
The states of matter are inter convertible. The state of matter can be
changed by changing the temperature or pressure.
Solid
Gas Liquid
Fusion
Solidification
SublimationSublimation
Vaporisation
Condensation
22. 6a) Evaporation :-
The change of a liquid into vapour at any temperature below its
boiling point is called evaporation.
Evaporation is a surface phenomenon. Particles from the surface
gain enough energy to overcome the forces of attraction and changes
to vapour state.
b) Factors affecting evaporation :-
The rate of evaporation depends upon surface area, temperature,
humidity and wind speed.
Increase in the surface area increases the rate of evaporation.
Increase in temperature increases the rate of evaporation.
Increase in humidity decreases the rate of evaporation.
Increase in wind speed increases the rate of evaporation.
23.
24.
25. c) Evaporation causes cooling :-
When a liquid evaporates, the particles of the liquid absorb heat from
the surroundings and evaporates. So the surroundings become cold.
Eg :- People sprinkle water on the roof or open ground because during
evaporation water absorbs heat makes the hot surface cool.
During summer we sweat more because during evaporation the
sweat absorbs heat from our body making the body cool.
Wearing cotton clothes in summer keeps us cool because cotton
absorbs sweat and when the sweat evaporates it absorbs heat from our
body making the body cool.