AN ADAPTIVE EXTREMUM SEEKING CONTROL FOR REAL TIME OPTIMIZATION IN PHOTOVOLTA...Editor IJMTER
Extremum seeking control approach is a theory building a feedback system in such a
way that oscillation around the MPPT will boost the PV System efficiency .An alternative ESC
approach is to introduce a small amount of perturbation into the control system. Maximum Power
Point Tracker (MPPT) using extremum seeking control algorithm with emphasis in solar
photovoltaic (PV) system. The ESC is better because of its low cost ,high efficiency and good
power factor . Ripple Correlation Control(RCC) is used in first stage high pass filter along with the
relational operator to develop the system .The reason for choose RCC is due to its high voltage gain
and a low input current ripple which minimizes the oscillation at the module operation point .A
major advantage of ESC is that it is capable of improving the system performance .The variable
phase MPPT power ripple feedback signal developed by sensing and multiplying together PV array
.The entire system is simulated using Matlab simulink environment .The system is expected to be
operated with high efficiency and low cost long life time.
PIC16F877A microcontroller:to control all the parts in the circuit.(I will use it because have analog to digital converter and I found it in all electronic store )
Light dependent resistor: to measure intensity of light.
LDR is a passive component whose resistance is
inversely proportional to the amount of light intensity directed towards it.
Stepper motor(unipolar): rotate solar panels and the light sensors to sense the max solar power
Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses intoMechanical shaft rotation. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discreteStep increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the properSequence.
The proposed block diagram of the project is shown in figure 1. The microcontroller reads the inputs form the light sensorthat is measured the direction of the light(sun) and performs the required operation that will rotate motor to track the motion of the sun . The inputs of the system is light sensor. The output is motor
PIC16F877A microcontroller:to control all the parts in the circuit.(I will use it because have analog to digital converter and I found it in all electronic store )
Light dependent resistor: to measure intensity of light.
LDR is a passive component whose resistance is
inversely proportional to the amount of light intensity directed towards it.
Stepper motor(unipolar): rotate solar panels and the light sensors to sense the max solar power
Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses intoMechanical shaft rotation. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discreteStep increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the properSequence.
ULN2003:is used as a stepper motor driver because we can't connect motor direct to MCU because the motor work by another power source that is between 9-15 v . As this figure this driver
Resistors.
Power supply.
10 k resistor to divide the 5v voltage between sensor and resistor .
Capacitors and crystal oscillator.
crystal oscillator: to generate pulses frequency
AN ADAPTIVE EXTREMUM SEEKING CONTROL FOR REAL TIME OPTIMIZATION IN PHOTOVOLTA...Editor IJMTER
Extremum seeking control approach is a theory building a feedback system in such a
way that oscillation around the MPPT will boost the PV System efficiency .An alternative ESC
approach is to introduce a small amount of perturbation into the control system. Maximum Power
Point Tracker (MPPT) using extremum seeking control algorithm with emphasis in solar
photovoltaic (PV) system. The ESC is better because of its low cost ,high efficiency and good
power factor . Ripple Correlation Control(RCC) is used in first stage high pass filter along with the
relational operator to develop the system .The reason for choose RCC is due to its high voltage gain
and a low input current ripple which minimizes the oscillation at the module operation point .A
major advantage of ESC is that it is capable of improving the system performance .The variable
phase MPPT power ripple feedback signal developed by sensing and multiplying together PV array
.The entire system is simulated using Matlab simulink environment .The system is expected to be
operated with high efficiency and low cost long life time.
PIC16F877A microcontroller:to control all the parts in the circuit.(I will use it because have analog to digital converter and I found it in all electronic store )
Light dependent resistor: to measure intensity of light.
LDR is a passive component whose resistance is
inversely proportional to the amount of light intensity directed towards it.
Stepper motor(unipolar): rotate solar panels and the light sensors to sense the max solar power
Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses intoMechanical shaft rotation. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discreteStep increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the properSequence.
The proposed block diagram of the project is shown in figure 1. The microcontroller reads the inputs form the light sensorthat is measured the direction of the light(sun) and performs the required operation that will rotate motor to track the motion of the sun . The inputs of the system is light sensor. The output is motor
PIC16F877A microcontroller:to control all the parts in the circuit.(I will use it because have analog to digital converter and I found it in all electronic store )
Light dependent resistor: to measure intensity of light.
LDR is a passive component whose resistance is
inversely proportional to the amount of light intensity directed towards it.
Stepper motor(unipolar): rotate solar panels and the light sensors to sense the max solar power
Stepper motor is an electromagnetic device that converts digital pulses intoMechanical shaft rotation. The shaft or spindle of a stepper motor rotates in discreteStep increments when electrical command pulses are applied to it in the properSequence.
ULN2003:is used as a stepper motor driver because we can't connect motor direct to MCU because the motor work by another power source that is between 9-15 v . As this figure this driver
Resistors.
Power supply.
10 k resistor to divide the 5v voltage between sensor and resistor .
Capacitors and crystal oscillator.
crystal oscillator: to generate pulses frequency
eTracer Network MPPT Solar Charge Controller ET2415N,ET3415N,ET4415N,ET6415N
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
This guide will help you to understand the technology behind solar street lights. How to make them work? What is needed to implement in order to get them working 365 days in a year. We have covered many aspects like How to optimize battery life? How to resolve problems remotely? What are the main components of solar street lighting?
The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery.
A MPPT solar charge controller is the charge controller embedded with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm to maximize the amount of current going into the battery from PV module.
eTracer Network MPPT Solar Charge Controller ET2415N,ET3415N,ET4415N,ET6415N
Available at http://shop.ultisolar.com
About Ultisolar: Ultisolar is focus on MPPT Controller, PWM Controller, SWH Controller, SWH Station, Hall Flow Sensor
This guide will help you to understand the technology behind solar street lights. How to make them work? What is needed to implement in order to get them working 365 days in a year. We have covered many aspects like How to optimize battery life? How to resolve problems remotely? What are the main components of solar street lighting?
The solar energy is converted to electrical energy by photo-voltaic cells. This energy is stored in batteries during day time for utilizing the same during night time. A charge controller, or charge regulator is basically a voltage and/or current regulator to keep batteries from overcharging. It regulates the voltage and current coming from the solar panels going to the battery.
A MPPT solar charge controller is the charge controller embedded with MPPT (Maximum Power Point Tracking) algorithm to maximize the amount of current going into the battery from PV module.
AUTOMATED LIGHT CONTROL SYSTEM FOR OFFICESDrm Kapoor
Electricity is one of the most important resources in this century that should be conserved. On several occasions, we get out of rooms, offices, hall and forget to turn off the lights/fan, thus the electricity is wasted and billing is also increased. Manual operation of light in offices is one of the challenges being faced by members of staff in any organization. This research work is focused on design and implementation of an automatic light controller used in offices in order conserve electricity as well as reducing electricity bill.. The major component used for the implementation of this research was Light Dependent Resistor (LDR) which works on the principle of changes in resistance of LDR according to light falling on it. This will ensure proper conservation of energy which reduces the cost of bill paying to IBDEC (Ibadan District Electricity Company). Manual application of controlling bulbs is eliminated by using this system. This automated system is not only applicable to offices but also applicable in, rooms, Hostels, Street lights, Garden lights, Hotels etc. Automatic light control requires less labor to operate since it works automatically therefore the running and opportunity cost is encouraging.
Solar powered led street light with auto intensity controlkanhaiya lal
This Project is all about Solar powered LED street light with auto intensity control.
Key Description :-
1. Solar Power
2. Solar Panel
3. LED
4. Batteries
5. 8051 IC
6. Regulator
7. MOSFET
8. Voltage Controller
9. Pro's and Con's
10. Features and Daily life usage
I've worked a lot on this PPt. It wont let you down so feel free to download it and rate my work so I can upload better Material regarding to this in near future.
Thank you!
smart street light detector based on sensors. This is basically designed to reduce the power consumption of the street light. And help out to conserve more and more energy.
Solar Power Energy is a necessity for current time. We need to be aware with technology at all level. There is always a need to go for a substitute of electricity. Developing countries have to facilitate solar lights on road and provide a proper Research and Development sector for progress.
0x01 - Newton's Third Law: Static vs. Dynamic AbusersOWASP Beja
f you offer a service on the web, odds are that someone will abuse it. Be it an API, a SaaS, a PaaS, or even a static website, someone somewhere will try to figure out a way to use it to their own needs. In this talk we'll compare measures that are effective against static attackers and how to battle a dynamic attacker who adapts to your counter-measures.
About the Speaker
===============
Diogo Sousa, Engineering Manager @ Canonical
An opinionated individual with an interest in cryptography and its intersection with secure software development.
This presentation by Morris Kleiner (University of Minnesota), was made during the discussion “Competition and Regulation in Professions and Occupations” held at the Working Party No. 2 on Competition and Regulation on 10 June 2024. More papers and presentations on the topic can be found out at oe.cd/crps.
This presentation was uploaded with the author’s consent.
This presentation, created by Syed Faiz ul Hassan, explores the profound influence of media on public perception and behavior. It delves into the evolution of media from oral traditions to modern digital and social media platforms. Key topics include the role of media in information propagation, socialization, crisis awareness, globalization, and education. The presentation also examines media influence through agenda setting, propaganda, and manipulative techniques used by advertisers and marketers. Furthermore, it highlights the impact of surveillance enabled by media technologies on personal behavior and preferences. Through this comprehensive overview, the presentation aims to shed light on how media shapes collective consciousness and public opinion.
Acorn Recovery: Restore IT infra within minutesIP ServerOne
Introducing Acorn Recovery as a Service, a simple, fast, and secure managed disaster recovery (DRaaS) by IP ServerOne. A DR solution that helps restore your IT infra within minutes.
Have you ever wondered how search works while visiting an e-commerce site, internal website, or searching through other types of online resources? Look no further than this informative session on the ways that taxonomies help end-users navigate the internet! Hear from taxonomists and other information professionals who have first-hand experience creating and working with taxonomies that aid in navigation, search, and discovery across a range of disciplines.
Sharpen existing tools or get a new toolbox? Contemporary cluster initiatives...Orkestra
UIIN Conference, Madrid, 27-29 May 2024
James Wilson, Orkestra and Deusto Business School
Emily Wise, Lund University
Madeline Smith, The Glasgow School of Art
Supercharge your AI - SSP Industry Breakout Session 2024-v2_1.pdf
Synopsis for Public Garden automation with solar tracker by Punith urs
1. PUBLIC GARDEN AUTOMATION WITH
SOLAR TRACKER
PROJECT SYNOPSIS IN FULFILMENT
OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF
Bachelor of Engineering
In
ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
By
PUNITH K.R. (4AI11EE029)
Department of Electrical Engineering
Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology
Chikmagalur-Karnataka
2. PUBLIC GARDEN AUTOMATION WITH SOLAR TRACKER
ABSTRACT
The most important problems faced are the misusage of electricity and its wastage. Sometimes
due to carelessness of the authorities and the workers lamps are left ON which results in
wastage of electricity, negligence in switching the water supply depending upon the moisture
content of soil, Garden opening and closing at specific time etc. Here we are using solar energy
to drive the system by solar tracker. Our project helps to overcome all these problems. Water
wastage is another problem which needs to be dealt with. Our project helps to overcome all
these problems.
INTRODUCTION
As we all know that there is a need to reduce the wastage of electricity as well as water in daily
usage of our life. So one of the common area of our day today life, where we can implement it,
so that to save the energy is the Public Gardens. So our project is all about the efficient
utilisation of renewable energy resourses.
Firstly the Microcontroller around 4.00pm switches on the water supply once to water the
entire garden few hours before opening of the garden for public. Next the gate is opened by
running the motor which is driven by a motor driver operated by the Microcontroller.
Depending upon the output of the LDR and the lights remain functional till the garden remains
open for visitors.
The garden remains open for about three hours and so around 8.50 pm a buzzer is
sounded to indicate closure of the garden and alert the visitors. The gate is then closed at
9.00pm and one of the two lamps is switched off. One lamp is kept on throughout the night. In
the morning the remaining lamp is switched off depending upon the signal sent by the LDR,
light dependent resistor to the Microcontroller. These are the step involved in the operation of
the circuit and the public garden automation.
3. Microcontroller is used to supervise the actions of all other devices and to control the entire set
of operations. We are using solar tracker to drive lamps and motor.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Figure 1: Public GardenAutomationwithSolar Tracker
4. Figure 2:LOAD SIDE
HARDWARE REQUIREMENT
8051/PIC Micro Controller
Solar Panel (for prototype Around 5W)
Relay and Driver Circuit
LDR
Stepper / Geared motor ( 12v)
Battery (6V / 12V)
SOFTWARE REQUIREMENT
Kiel
Multisim
Power supply: It is the main part of the circuit; the circuit needs the12V DC supply. But in our
home 230 AC supply is available. So it has converted it to 12V DC and 5V DC by Rectifier circuit
by regulator IC 7812 and 7805 respectively.
LOAD
LAMPS
PUMP & MOTOR FOR
GATE OPENING
5. Micro Controllers: It is the Heart of the Circuit. In this circuit we are going to use the 8051/PIC
MCU. Microcontrollers are used in automatically controlled products and devices, such as
automobile engine control systems, implantable medical devices, remote controls, office
machines, appliances, power tools, toys and other embedded systems.
Here we are controlling the rotation of solar panel by stepper or geared motor. Geared DC
motors can be defined as an extension of DC motor which already had its Insight details
demystified . A geared DC Motor has a gear assembly attached to the motor. The speed of
motor is counted in terms of rotations of the shaft per minute and is termed as RPM .The gear
assembly helps in increasing the torque and reducing the speed. Using the correct combination
of gears in a gear motor, its speed can be reduced to any desirable figure. This concept where
gears reduce the speed of the vehicle but increase its torque is known as gear reduction. This
Insight will explore all the minor and major details that make the gear head and hence the
working of geared DC motor.
LDRs (Light Dependent Resistors): They are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits.
Normally the resistance of an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when
they are illuminated with light resistance drops dramatically.
A solar panel (Also solar module, photovoltaic module or photovoltaic panel): is a packaged,
connected assembly of photovoltaic cells. The solar panel can be used as a component of a
larger photovoltaic system to generate and supply electricity in commercial and residential
applications.
Driver IC: It is a high voltage and high current Darlington array IC. It contains open collector
Darlington pairs with common emitters. A Darlington pair is an arrangement of two bipolar
transistors. Recommended for high-side switching applications that benefit from separate logic
and load grounds, these devices encompass load supply voltages to 50 V and output currents to
-500 mA. These 8-channel source drivers are useful for interfacing between low-level logic and
high-current loads.
6. Relay: It is an electromagnetic device used to separate two circuits electrically and connect
them magnetically. They are often used to interface an electronic circuit, which works at a low
voltage to an electrical circuit which works at a high voltage. Relays are available in different
configuration of operating voltages like 6V, 9V, 12V, 24V etc.
Inverter: It converts the DC supply whatever we are getting from the battery into AC.
An electric battery is a device consisting of one or more electrochemical cells that convert
stored chemical energy into electrical energy. Each cell contains a positive terminal, or cathode,
and a negative terminal, or anode. Electrolytes allow ions to move between the electrodes and
terminals, which allows current to flow out of the battery to perform work.
The application program for the microcontroller will be written in embedded ‘Embedded C’
/Assembly and will be stored in the flash memory of the microcontroller.
FEATURES
Depending upon the time schedule watering, garden opening, closing and
alerting system is done.
Based on light intensity & time garden lamps are going to switch.
Solar panel is going to track the light intensity based on the LDR.
Before closing the garden gate system are going to alerts the people by
activating alarm.
LCD is going to display the present status of the system.
7. FUTURE SCOPE
This project mainly aims at the automation of the public garden to avoid wastage of
resources.
This can be expanded in the sense of security. Using metal detectors and CCTV cameras
security of the garden can be enhanced.
By using GSM technology further control of water supply and lights using mobile can be
achieved.
APPLICATIONS
This small scale project can be implemented in any public garden with minimum cost
and resources.
This helps in proper utilization of the available resources and helps in avoiding wastage
of electricity and water.
Go green ,,!