Key 4 g technologies

1. KEY 4G TECHNOLOGIES

2. IPv6
• IPv4
32 bits
= 4,294,967,296 possible addressable devices
• IPv6
128 bits: 4 times the size in bits
= 3.4 x 10^38 possible addressable devices
• 5 x 1028 addresses per person on the planet
• IPv6 Address Format
X:X:X:X:X:X:X:X where X = 0000 ... FFFF (hex)
• More addresses than current version of IP protocol (Version 4)
• Each device can have own IP
• Keep IP address even if you change access point
• Presently translate IP with each change because not enough IP addresses to go
around

3. IPv6 Technology Features and Benefits
• Larger number of addresses : IPv6 has 128-bit addresses, compared to 32 bits for
IPv4 addresses. This results in a very large increase in the number of IP addresses
available .
• End-to-end connectivity : IPv4 needed NAT in certain situations in order to
conserve scarce IP addresses. Unfortunately, NAT does not work well with peer-to-
peer applications such as VoIP. IPv6 eliminates the need for NAT and thus, restores
end-to-end connectivity.
• Auto-configuration : IPv6 provides auto-configuration of IP addresses on IPv6-
enabled devices. This greatly improves scalability and manageability of networks.
New devices can be connected directly to the network without manually
configuring IP addresses .
• Mobility and multicast enhancements : IPv6 provides further enhancements for
mobile IPv6, which helps with today’s wireless networks. The addition of scope
field for multicast has improved the framework for multicast traffic.

4. Smart Antennas
Multiple “smart antennas” can be employed to help find, tune, and turn up signal
information.
There are two types of smart antennas:
Switched Beam Antennas have fixed beams of transmission, and
can switch from one predefined beam to another when the user with the phone
moves throughout the sector
Adaptive Array Antennas represent the most advanced smart antenna approach to
date using a variety of new signal processing algorithms to locate and track the user,
minimize interference, and maximize intended signal reception.
Smart antennas can thereby:
• Optimize available power
• Increase base station range and coverage
• Reuse available spectrum
• Increase bandwidth
• Lengthen battery life of wireless devices
Switched Beam Adaptive Array

5. Smart Antennas
Beam radio signals directly at a user to follow the user as
they move.

6. SOFTWARE DEFINED RADIO
• A software defined radio is one that can be configured to any radio or
frequency standard through the use of software.
• Software Defined Radio (SDR) benefits from today’s high processing power
to develop multi-band, multi-standard base stations and terminals.
• For example, if one was a subscriber of Sprint and moved into an area
where Sprint did not have service, but Cingular did, the phone would
automatically switch from operating on a CDMA frequency to a TDMA
frequency.
• In addition, if a new standard were to be created, the phone would be able
to support that new standard with a simple software update. With current
phones, this is impossible.