4G Technology by VIKASH

Presented By:
VIKASH KUMAR
12206125
M-Tech, 2nd Year (C&I)

CONTENTS
 INTRODUCTION
WHAT IS 4G ?
EVOLUTION OF 4G
3G Vs 4G
SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4G
• System standards
• Multiplexing and access schemes
• IPv6 SUPPORT
•Advanced antenna systems
•Software-defined radio (SDR)
APPLICATIONS
REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
 4G is the fourth generation of mobile phone mobile
communication technology standards.

 It is a successor to the third generation (3G) standards.
A 4G system provides mobile “ Ultra Broadband speed” – to be
counted in gigabytes per second.
This technology is currently available in some countries but it is
still being perfected.

WHAT IS 4G ?
In March 2008, the International Telecommunications UnionRadio communications sector (ITU-R) specified a set of requirements
for 4G standards, named the IMT-Advanced.
Set peak speed requirements for 4G service at 100 Mbit/s for high
mobility communication and 1 Gbit/s for low mobility
communication.
The peak bit rate is further improved by smart antenna arrays
for multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) communications.

A 4G system does not support traditional circuit
switched telephony service, but all-Internet Protocol (IP) based
communication such as IP telephony.

EVOLUTION OF 4G
In April 2006, KT started the world's first commercial mobile
WiMAX service in Seoul, South Korea.
In February 2007, the Japanese company NTT DoCoMo tested a
4G communication system prototype with 4×4 MIMO at 100 Mbit/s
while moving, and 1 Gbit/s while stationary.

In Dec 2009, The first commercial LTE deployment was by
TeliaSonera & NetCom. The modem devices on offer were
manufactured by Samsung, and the network infrastructure created
by Huawei & Ericsson.
On 10 April 2012, Bharti Airtel launched 4G LTE in Kolkata, first
in India.

3G Vs 4G
TECHNOLOGY

3G

4G

Developed

2001

2010

Services

voice quality & always on
Broadband Data

data & voice over IP, LTE

Standard

IMT-2000 (UMTS,
WCDMA, CDMA2000)

Single Standard based on LTE
Advanced

Architecture

Circuit & Packet Switched

Packet Switched

Multiplexing

CDMA

OFDM+ MIMO, W-OFDM,
MC-CDMA

Core
Network

PSTN & Some IP Networks

Completely IP based

Data Rates

384 Kbits/s
to 3.1 M bits/s

100 M bps to 1G bps

SYSTEM KEY COMPONENTS OF 4G
a) System standards
 LTE Advanced
 WiMAX 2
b) Multiplexing and access schemes
OFDM+ MIMO, W–OFDM, MC-CDMA

c) IPv6 SUPPORT
d) Advanced antenna systems
Multiple antenna technologies are used to achieve high rate, high
reliability and long communication range.
e) Software-defined radio (SDR)
Standards constituted by a 4G device can be realized using SDR.

a) System standards
 LTE
•Long Term Evolution (LTE) is a radio platform technology that will
allow operators to achieve even higher peak throughputs than
HSPA+ in higher spectrum bandwidth.

•LTE uses Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access
(OFDMA) on the downlink, which is well suited to achieve high
peak data rates in high spectrum bandwidth.

7TH MOBILE
COMM STANDARD

LTE capabilities include:
•Downlink peak data rates up to 326 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth

•Uplink peak data rates up to 86.4 Mbps with 20 MHz bandwidth
•Operation in both TDD and FDD modes
•Scalable bandwidth up to 20 MHz, covering 1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5
MHz, 10 MHz, 15 MHz, and 20 MHz in the study phase
•Reduced latency, up to 10 milliseconds (ms) round-trip times
between user equipment and the base station, and to less than 100
ms transition times from inactive to active

a) System standards
 WiMAX 2
• WiMAX stands for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave
Access. WiMAX 2 also called Wireless MAN-Advanced has become
the first true 4G technology to be approved by the IEEE and ITU.
• This technology supports MIMO, femto cells, self-organizing
networks & relays, and multicarrier operation. It supports both
120Mbps downlink and 60Mbps uplink speeds
•The unique and excellent infrastructure of WiMAX is offering UltraWideband and providing range from 2 to 10 GHz and outstanding
time response.

Shows Mobility & Coverage v/s Data Rates of different Technologies

b) Multiplexing and access schemes
 OFDM
•Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) is a frequency
division multiplexing (FDM) scheme that uses a digital multi-carrier
modulation method.
•OFDM uses the spectrum more efficiently by making all the subcarriers orthogonal to one another, using fast Fourier transform
(FFT) to prevent interference between the closely spaced subcarriers.
•In OFDM, the guard band is reduced by the orthogonal packing of
the subcarriers, improving the spectral efficiency .



OFDM….

•Since each carrier in an OFDM signal has a very narrow bandwidth
(i.e. few kHz), the resulting symbol rate is low.
•Due to the orthogonal nature of the modulation, these multiple
sub-carriers overlap in the frequency domain, but do not cause
Inter-Carrier Interference (ICI).

•In OFDM, the guard band is reduced by the orthogonal packing of
the subcarriers, improving the spectral efficiency.

c) IPv6 SUPPORT

The IP address is based on IPv6
IPv4
X.X.X.X
(32 bits)
Example: 216.37.129.9
IPv6 X.X.X.X.X.X
(128 bits)
Example:
216.37.129.9 , 79.23.178.229 ,65.198.2.10 192.168.5.120

Home
Address

care of
address

mobile
IP address

Local network
address

c) IPv6 SUPPORT…
•Needs for security and manageability

•4G system uses the Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) to locate
devices.
•There is room for approximately 3.40 * 1038 unique addresses.
•There are enough addresses for every phone to have a unique
address.

•Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) is a methodology and group
of technologies for the delivery of voice communications
and multimedia sessions over Internet Protocol (IP) networks

d) Advanced antenna systems
•Smart antennas (MIMO) are antenna arrays with smart signal
processing algorithms used to identify spatial signal signature such
as the direction of arrival (DOA) of the signal, and use it to
calculate beam forming vectors, to track and locate the antenna
beam on the mobile/target.

Transmitter with multiple
antennas

d) Advanced antenna systems…..
• It offers significant increases in data throughput and link range
without additional bandwidth or increased transmit power.
• It achieves this goal by spreading the same total transmit
power over the antennas to achieve an array gain that
improves the spectral efficiency and to achieve a diversity
gain that improves the link reliability.
Example of advanced antenna:
1. Switched Beam Antenna
2. Adaptive Array Antennas

e) Software-defined radio (SDR)
Due to the constant evolution of mobile communication systems
(2G, 3G, and 4G), the wireless industry is facing problems in global
roaming to provide different services to the mobile subscribers. SDR
technology promises to solve these problems by implementing the
radio functionality as software modules running on a generic
hardware platform.
•The main purpose of SDR is to make a user terminal operate in
different kinds of wireless networks, overcoming
power, cost, size, and compatibility limitations.
•Flexibility and reconfigurability
•Interoperability
•Connectivity

Block Diagram of a Generic Software Defined Radio

APPLICATIONS
 mobile web access
 IP telephony
gaming services
high-definition mobile TV
video conferencing
3D television
cloud computing

REFERENCES
• http://www.4gamericas.org/index.cfm?fuseaction=page&sectionid=2
49
• http://freewimaxinfo.com/wimax-technology.html
• http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
• 4G Evolution and Multiplexing Techniques with solution to
implementation challenges (2012 International Conference on CyberEnabled Distributed Computing and Knowledge Discover) by M.Kaleem Iqbal.

• 4G: The Future Mobile Technology by Mohsin Jamil l, Shahan Parwaiz,
University of Sheffield, United Kingdom.

4G Technology by VIKASH

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4G Technology by VIKASH