Poxviruses
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This document summarizes different poxviruses, including orthopox viruses like variola, vaccinia, and monkeypox. It discusses the taxonomy of poxviruses, noting the Chordopoxvirinae and Entomopoxvirinae subfamilies. Key details are provided on variola virus and smallpox, including its global eradication in 1980. Vaccinia virus is described as an artificial virus used for vaccine development. The morphology, properties, antigenic structure, cultivation in cell lines and animals, and laboratory diagnosis of poxviruses are summarized. Specific poxviruses affecting animals like buffalopox, cowpox, orf virus, and tanapox are also outlined
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Poxviruses
- 2. INTRODUCTION • Family Poxviridae • Subfamily – Chordopoxvirinae - Entomopoxvirinae
- 4. CHORDOPOXVIRINAE • Orthopox virus – Variola, Vaccinia - Cowpox, Monkeypox, Rabbitpox, Buffalopox - Camelpox, Mousepox • Parapox virus - orf, Paravaccinia (Ungulates) • Capripox virus – Sheep pox, Goat pox (Lumpy Skin disease) • Leporipox virus – Myxoma & Fibroma (rabbits, hares, squirerels) • Avipox virus - Fowl pox, Turkey pox, Pigeon pox, Canarypox virus • Suipox virus - Swinepox
- 5. HOOVES
- 6. UNCLASSIFIED VIRUSES • Molluscum Contagiosum virus • Tanapox • Yaba pox virus
- 7. VARIOLA VIRUS • Small Pox • Global eradication of Smallpox – 8th May 1980 • Variola major – Classical smallpox • Variola minor – Alastrim
- 8. Vaccinia virus • Smallpox virus • Artificial virus • Vector for the development of recombinant vaccines • Genome can accommodate 25,000 base pairs • Not a suitable vector for humans
- 10. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES • Viable for months at room temperature • Susceptible – UV light, Formalin • Resistant - 50 % Glycerol, 1% Phenol, Ether • Enzymes ++ • Multiplication - Cytoplasm
- 11. ANTIGENIC STRUCTURE • Immunodiffusion – 20 antigens • Nucleoprotein antigen • LS antigen • Agglutinogen • Hemagglutinin
- 12. CULTIVATION AND HOST RANGE • Chick Embryo • Tissue culture • Animals
- 13. CHICK EMBRYO Vaccinia Pocks Variola Pocks
- 14. CEILING TEMPERATURE • Vaccinia – 41˚C • Variola major – 38˚ C • Variola minor – 37.5˚ C
- 15. TISSUE CULTURE • Monkey kidney, HeLa & Chick embryo cell lines • Vaccinia – Cytopathic effects (24 – 48 hours) - Plaque (Chick embryo) • Guarnieri bodies – eosinophilic inclusion bodies
- 17. ANIMAL INOCULATION • Vaccinia virus – Monkeys, Calves, Sheep & Rabbits • Variola virus – Keratitis - Guarnieri bodies
- 18. SMALL POX • No reservoir & carrier stage • Source – Patients • Route of spread – Inhalation • Incubation period – 12 days • Enanthems – Buccal mucosa • Exanthems – Skin lesions (Haemorrhagic, Flat, Ordinary or Modified) • Macule – Papule – Vesicle – Pustule - Scabbing
- 19. Haemorrhagic Exanthem Flat Exanthem
- 20. Ordinary Exanthem Modified Exanthem
- 23. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS • Sample – Fluid from eruptive lesions - Blood • Antigen detection, Isolation of virus • Electron Microscopy • Paschen bodies
- 25. MONKEY POX • Copenhagen (1948) • Host – Rodents, Monkeys • Zaire (1970) • More common in Central & West Africa • Fatality rate : 5 – 10% • Outbreak in Wisconsin, USA (2003) – 11 Humans + Prairie dogs
- 26. BUFFALOPOX • India (1934) • Epizootics • Lesions on hands
- 27. COWPOX • Lesions - Udders & teats • Milking • Human lesions – Hands & Fingers - Fever & Constitutional symptoms • CAM, Rabbit skin – Haemorrhagic lesions • Restriction endonuclease mapping • Europe • Primary host –Wild Rodents or Cats
- 28. Milker’s Node • Paravaccinia virus • Lesions – small ulcerating nodules • Chick embryo – No growth • Bovine kidney cultures • Resembles orf virus morphologically
- 29. Orf virus • Sheep & Goats • Contagious Pustular Dermatitis • Single papulovesicular lesion with a central ulcer • Hands, forearm or face • Unrelated to Variola – vaccinia group
- 30. TANAPOX • Single pock like lesion on the upper part of the body • Antigenically unrelated to Poxviruses • Embryonated egg – No growth • Human & Monkey tissue cultures • Animal inoculation - Monkeys • Zaire
- 32. MOLLUSCUM CONTAGIOSUM • Sexually transmitted disease • Pink or pearly white wart like nodules on the skin • Molluscum bodies – large eosinophilic hyaline inclusion bodies • Virus cannot be grown in eggs, tissue culture or animals
- 35. THANK U THANK U