Rhabdoviruses are enveloped viruses that contain single-stranded RNA. They have a bullet-shaped appearance and include important genera like Vesiculovirus and Lyssavirus. The Rabies virus is a notable Rhabdovirus that causes fatal encephalitis in humans and other mammals. Rhabdoviruses are resistant to lipid solvents and inactivated by treatments like phenol, heat, and sunlight.
Largest viruses that infect vertebrates
Can be seen under light microscope
Poxvirus diseases are characterized by skin lesions – localized or generalized
Important diseases caused by poxviruses are-
Smallpox
Monkeypox
Cowpox
Tanapox
Molluscum contagiosum
Largest viruses that infect vertebrates
Can be seen under light microscope
Poxvirus diseases are characterized by skin lesions – localized or generalized
Important diseases caused by poxviruses are-
Smallpox
Monkeypox
Cowpox
Tanapox
Molluscum contagiosum
The Paramyxoviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA viruses known to cause different types of infections in vertebrates. Examples of these infections in humans include the measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Poxviruses are brick or oval-shaped viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash.
Adenoviridae is a group of medium sized, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses that replicate and produce disease in the eye and in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts;
A picornavirus is a virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Vertebrates, including humans, serve as natural hosts. Picornaviruses are nonenveloped viruses that represent a large family of small, cytoplasmic, plus-strand RNA viruses with a 30-nm icosahedral capsid.
The Paramyxoviridae is a family of single-stranded RNA viruses known to cause different types of infections in vertebrates. Examples of these infections in humans include the measles virus, mumps virus, parainfluenza virus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV).
Poxviruses are brick or oval-shaped viruses with large double-stranded DNA genomes. Poxviruses exist throughout the world and cause disease in humans and many other types of animals. Poxvirus infections typically result in the formation of lesions, skin nodules, or disseminated rash.
Adenoviridae is a group of medium sized, non-enveloped, double stranded DNA viruses that replicate and produce disease in the eye and in the respiratory, gastrointestinal and urinary tracts;
A picornavirus is a virus belonging to the family Picornaviridae, a family of viruses in the order Picornavirales. Vertebrates, including humans, serve as natural hosts. Picornaviruses are nonenveloped viruses that represent a large family of small, cytoplasmic, plus-strand RNA viruses with a 30-nm icosahedral capsid.
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all about rabies
epidemiology of rabies,
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clinical features of rabies,
treatment of rabies,
prevention of rabies,
rabies virus,
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Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and IndigestionSwastikAyurveda
Here is the updated list of Top Best Ayurvedic medicine for Gas and Indigestion and those are Gas-O-Go Syp for Dyspepsia | Lavizyme Syrup for Acidity | Yumzyme Hepatoprotective Capsules etc
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Basavarajeeyam is an important text for ayurvedic physician belonging to andhra pradehs. It is a popular compendium in various parts of our country as well as in andhra pradesh. The content of the text was presented in sanskrit and telugu language (Bilingual). One of the most famous book in ayurvedic pharmaceutics and therapeutics. This book contains 25 chapters called as prakaranas. Many rasaoushadis were explained, pioneer of dhatu druti, nadi pareeksha, mutra pareeksha etc. Belongs to the period of 15-16 century. New diseases like upadamsha, phiranga rogas are explained.
CDSCO and Phamacovigilance {Regulatory body in India}NEHA GUPTA
The Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO) is India's national regulatory body for pharmaceuticals and medical devices. Operating under the Directorate General of Health Services, Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India, the CDSCO is responsible for approving new drugs, conducting clinical trials, setting standards for drugs, controlling the quality of imported drugs, and coordinating the activities of State Drug Control Organizations by providing expert advice.
Pharmacovigilance, on the other hand, is the science and activities related to the detection, assessment, understanding, and prevention of adverse effects or any other drug-related problems. The primary aim of pharmacovigilance is to ensure the safety and efficacy of medicines, thereby protecting public health.
In India, pharmacovigilance activities are monitored by the Pharmacovigilance Programme of India (PvPI), which works closely with CDSCO to collect, analyze, and act upon data regarding adverse drug reactions (ADRs). Together, they play a critical role in ensuring that the benefits of drugs outweigh their risks, maintaining high standards of patient safety, and promoting the rational use of medicines.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of the physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar lead (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
6. Describe the flow of current around the heart during the cardiac cycle
7. Discuss the placement and polarity of the leads of electrocardiograph
8. Describe the normal electrocardiograms recorded from the limb leads and explain the physiological basis of the different records that are obtained
9. Define mean electrical vector (axis) of the heart and give the normal range
10. Define the mean QRS vector
11. Describe the axes of leads (hexagonal reference system)
12. Comprehend the vectorial analysis of the normal ECG
13. Determine the mean electrical axis of the ventricular QRS and appreciate the mean axis deviation
14. Explain the concepts of current of injury, J point, and their significance
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. Chapter 3, Cardiology Explained, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK2214/
7. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
3. Rabies virusRabies virus
Bullet shaped virusBullet shaped virus
Size is 180 x 75 nmSize is 180 x 75 nm
Has LipoproteinHas Lipoprotein
envelopeenvelope
Knob like spikesKnob like spikes
/Glycoprotein G/Glycoprotein G
Genome unsegmentedGenome unsegmented
Linear negative senseLinear negative sense
RNARNA
RNA dependent RNARNA dependent RNA
polymerasepolymerase
4. RESISTANCERESISTANCE
Lipid solventsLipid solvents
Sensitive to ethanol, iodine, quaternarySensitive to ethanol, iodine, quaternary
ammonium compounds, soap, detergentsammonium compounds, soap, detergents
Inactivated by phenol, formalin, BPL, COInactivated by phenol, formalin, BPL, CO22,,
UV & sunlightUV & sunlight
Thermal inactivation (50˚C for 1h & 60˚CThermal inactivation (50˚C for 1h & 60˚C
for 5 min)for 5 min)
Dies at room temperature but can surviveDies at room temperature but can survive
for weeks when stabilised with 50%for weeks when stabilised with 50%
glycerolglycerol
6. GLYCOPROTEIN GGLYCOPROTEIN G
Pathogenesis, virulence and immunityPathogenesis, virulence and immunity
Mediates binding to acetylcholineMediates binding to acetylcholine
receptorsreceptors
Heamagglutination inhibition antibodiesHeamagglutination inhibition antibodies
Neutralising antibodiesNeutralising antibodies
Stimulates cytotoxic T cell immunityStimulates cytotoxic T cell immunity
Serotype specific antigenSerotype specific antigen
Safe and effective subunit vaccineSafe and effective subunit vaccine
7. NUCLEOPROTEINNUCLEOPROTEIN
Induces complement fixing antibodiesInduces complement fixing antibodies
The antibodies are not protectiveThe antibodies are not protective
Group specificGroup specific
Cross reactionsCross reactions
Antiserum used in diagnosticAntiserum used in diagnostic
immunofluorescence testsimmunofluorescence tests
8. HOST RANGE ANDHOST RANGE AND
CULTIVATIONCULTIVATION
Cattles, cat & fox – highly susceptibleCattles, cat & fox – highly susceptible
Skunks, Opposums & fowl – resistantSkunks, Opposums & fowl – resistant
Humans, dogs – intermediate positionHumans, dogs – intermediate position
Laboratory animal - miceLaboratory animal - mice
11. STREET VIRUSSTREET VIRUS
Isolated from natural human or animalIsolated from natural human or animal
infectioninfection
Fatal encephalitis in laboratory animalsFatal encephalitis in laboratory animals
after a long and variable incubation periodafter a long and variable incubation period
of about 1- 12 weeks.of about 1- 12 weeks.
Negri bodies (cerebellum & hippocampus)Negri bodies (cerebellum & hippocampus)
12. FIXED VIRUSFIXED VIRUS
Serial intracerebral passages in rabbitsSerial intracerebral passages in rabbits
More neurotropicMore neurotropic
Less infectiousLess infectious
Fatal encephalitis after a short and fixedFatal encephalitis after a short and fixed
incubation period (6 – 7 days)incubation period (6 – 7 days)
No negri bodiesNo negri bodies
Vaccine productionVaccine production
13. Pathogenesis of RabiesPathogenesis of Rabies
Bite by Rabid dog or other animalsBite by Rabid dog or other animals
Virus present in the saliva is deposited in theVirus present in the saliva is deposited in the
woundwound
If untreated 50% will develop rabies.If untreated 50% will develop rabies.
Rabies can be produced by licks and cornealRabies can be produced by licks and corneal
transplantation.transplantation.
Virus multiply in the muscle ,connectiveVirus multiply in the muscle ,connective
tissue & nerves for 48 – 72 hours.tissue & nerves for 48 – 72 hours.
Penetrates nerve endings and travels in thePenetrates nerve endings and travels in the
axoplasm towards the spinal cord & brainaxoplasm towards the spinal cord & brain
(3mm per hour)(3mm per hour)
14. CentripetalCentripetal spread from axons to thespread from axons to the
neuronal bodiesneuronal bodies
Multiplies in the brainMultiplies in the brain
CentrifugalCentrifugal spread along the nerve trunksspread along the nerve trunks
to various parts of the body including theto various parts of the body including the
salivary glandssalivary glands
15. INCUBATION PERIODINCUBATION PERIOD::
Normally 1 - 3 monthsNormally 1 - 3 months
May be short as 7 days or as long as 3 years.May be short as 7 days or as long as 3 years.
Depends on- Site of biteDepends on- Site of bite
Severity of biteSeverity of bite
Number of woundsNumber of wounds
Amount of virus injectedAmount of virus injected
Species of biting animalSpecies of biting animal
Protection provided by clothingProtection provided by clothing
Treatment takenTreatment taken
17. PRODROMEPRODROME
Non specific symptompsNon specific symptomps
An early symptom is often a neuritic typeAn early symptom is often a neuritic type
of pain or paresthesia or fasciculation atof pain or paresthesia or fasciculation at
the site of virus entrythe site of virus entry
Apprehension, anxiety, agitation,Apprehension, anxiety, agitation,
irritability, nervousness, insomnia &irritability, nervousness, insomnia &
depression (2 – 4 days)depression (2 – 4 days)
Excessive libido, Priapism & spontaneousExcessive libido, Priapism & spontaneous
ejaculationejaculation
2 – 10 days2 – 10 days
18. ACUTE ENCEPHALITISACUTE ENCEPHALITIS
PHASEPHASE
Hyperactivity (intermittent) with bouts ofHyperactivity (intermittent) with bouts of
bizarre behaviour, agitation or seizuresbizarre behaviour, agitation or seizures
Spontaneous or precipitated by externalSpontaneous or precipitated by external
stimulistimuli
HydrophobiaHydrophobia
Generalised convulsions followGeneralised convulsions follow
2 – 10 days2 – 10 days
19. Rabies can present as GraveRabies can present as Grave
conditioncondition
21. RABIES IN DOGSRABIES IN DOGS
Incubation period is 3 – 6 weeksIncubation period is 3 – 6 weeks
Signs - Alert, troubled air and a change inSigns - Alert, troubled air and a change in
disposition with restlessness, snapping atdisposition with restlessness, snapping at
imaginary objects, licking or gnawing atimaginary objects, licking or gnawing at
the site of bitethe site of bite
2 types – furious & dumb2 types – furious & dumb
25. Common confirmatory test -Common confirmatory test -
RabiesRabies
The standard antemortemThe standard antemortem
test istest is DirectDirect
ImmunofluorescenceImmunofluorescence
test to demonstrate thetest to demonstrate the
presence of viral antigen.presence of viral antigen.
The standard postmortemThe standard postmortem
test is biopsy of the patient'stest is biopsy of the patient's
brain and examination forbrain and examination for
Negri bodies.Negri bodies.
26. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS INLABORATORY DIAGNOSIS IN
DOGSDOGS
Whole carcassWhole carcass
severed head of the animalsevered head of the animal
The brain – 50 % GLYCEROL SALINEThe brain – 50 % GLYCEROL SALINE
- ZENKER’S fixative- ZENKER’S fixative
27. DEMONSTRATION OF NEGRIDEMONSTRATION OF NEGRI
BODIESBODIES
Impression smears of the brainImpression smears of the brain
Seller’s techniqueSeller’s technique
Basic fuchsin + methylene blue inBasic fuchsin + methylene blue in
methanolmethanol
Tissue sections with Giemsa or Mann’sTissue sections with Giemsa or Mann’s
methodmethod
29. PROPHYLAXISPROPHYLAXIS
Pre exposurePre exposure
Post exposurePost exposure
Local treatmentLocal treatment
Antirabic vaccineAntirabic vaccine
Antirabies serumAntirabies serum
30. Preexposure ProphylaxisPreexposure Prophylaxis
Indicated inIndicated in
LaboratoryLaboratory
workers.workers.
VeterinariansVeterinarians
and technical staff.and technical staff.
Bat handlers.Bat handlers.
31. LOCALLOCAL
TREATMENTTREATMENT
Prompt cauterisation of the woundPrompt cauterisation of the wound
Soap and waterSoap and water
Quaternary ammonium compound & iodine orQuaternary ammonium compound & iodine or
alcohol (40 – 70%)alcohol (40 – 70%)
Antirabic serumAntirabic serum
Postpone suturing of the woundPostpone suturing of the wound
Anti – tetanus measures & antibioticsAnti – tetanus measures & antibiotics
32.
33. Ist Vaccine for RabiesIst Vaccine for Rabies
Prepared by PasteurPrepared by Pasteur
by drying pieces ofby drying pieces of
spinal cord of Rabbitsspinal cord of Rabbits
infected with fixedinfected with fixed
virusvirus
18851885 JosephJoseph
MeisterMeister 9 year boy9 year boy
vaccinated with 13vaccinated with 13
injectionsinjections
Boy survivedBoy survived
35. TISSUE CULTURE VACCINETISSUE CULTURE VACCINE
Human diploid cell vaccine(WI38 orHuman diploid cell vaccine(WI38 or
MRC5)MRC5)
Pitman – Moore strainPitman – Moore strain
Inactivated with BPL or Tri- n- butylInactivated with BPL or Tri- n- butyl
phosphatephosphate
Primary cell culture vaccinesPrimary cell culture vaccines
Continuous cell culture vaccinesContinuous cell culture vaccines
36. vaccination schedulesvaccination schedules
Anti Rabies vaccines are given whenAnti Rabies vaccines are given when
person isperson is
1 Bitten1 Bitten
2 Scratched2 Scratched
3 Licked3 Licked
By Rabid animalBy Rabid animal
animal to be kept for 10 days ?animal to be kept for 10 days ?
37. WHO guidelines on PostWHO guidelines on Post
exposure prophylaxisexposure prophylaxis
Category I – Touch or feeding of animalCategory I – Touch or feeding of animal
- Lick on intact skin- Lick on intact skin
Category II – Nibbling of uncovered skinCategory II – Nibbling of uncovered skin
- Minor scratches or abrasions- Minor scratches or abrasions
without bleedingwithout bleeding
Category III – Single or multiple bitesCategory III – Single or multiple bites
- licks on broken skin- licks on broken skin
- contamination of mucous- contamination of mucous
membrane with salivamembrane with saliva
- Exposure to bats- Exposure to bats
38. Post exposure ProphylaxisPost exposure Prophylaxis
The vaccination isThe vaccination is
given ongiven on
0, 3, 7, 14, 30,0, 3, 7, 14, 30,
and 90and 90thth
dayday
Immunity lasts for 5Immunity lasts for 5
yearsyears
Injected on deltoidInjected on deltoid
region IM/SCregion IM/SC
Not to be given in theNot to be given in the
gluteal regiongluteal region
39. Cell culture Vaccines in –Cell culture Vaccines in –
commonly prescribedcommonly prescribed
11 Human diploid cellHuman diploid cell
vaccine (HDC)vaccine (HDC)
22 Purified chickPurified chick
embryo cellembryo cell
vaccine (PCEC)vaccine (PCEC)
3.Purified Vero Cell3.Purified Vero Cell
vaccine (PVC)vaccine (PVC)
40. Pre exposure prophylaixisPre exposure prophylaixis
dosesdoses
Given on the followingGiven on the following
daysdays
0, 7, 210, 7, 21
oror
0, 28 and 560, 28 and 56thth
dayday
Booster – 1 yearBooster – 1 year
41. Passive ImmunizationPassive Immunization
Equine Rabies IgEquine Rabies Ig
Human RabiesHuman Rabies
ImmunoglobulinImmunoglobulin
High Risk bitten onHigh Risk bitten on
face and neckface and neck
Given a dose of 20 IUGiven a dose of 20 IU
/Kg wt/Kg wt
Half at the site of biteHalf at the site of bite
and rest IM route.and rest IM route.
42. VACCINE FOR ANIMALSVACCINE FOR ANIMALS
Neural vaccines are not satisfactoryNeural vaccines are not satisfactory
Concentrated cell culture vaccinesConcentrated cell culture vaccines
12 weeks of age12 weeks of age
Repeated at 1 – 3 years intervalRepeated at 1 – 3 years interval
Vaccine baits in EuropeVaccine baits in Europe
43. TREATMENTTREATMENT
Intensive supportive careIntensive supportive care
Management of complicationsManagement of complications
No antirabies agent is availableNo antirabies agent is available
44. EpidemiologyEpidemiology
No Danger of Nursing RabiesNo Danger of Nursing Rabies
patients but do take precautionspatients but do take precautions
Corneal transplantCorneal transplant
2 epidemiological types – Urban & Sylvatic2 epidemiological types – Urban & Sylvatic
RESERVOIR – Mustelids, Viverids &RESERVOIR – Mustelids, Viverids &
frugivorous batsfrugivorous bats
48. Rabies is endemic in indiaRabies is endemic in india
30,000 deaths per year30,000 deaths per year
7,00,000 people receive antirabies vaccine7,00,000 people receive antirabies vaccine
Registration, licensing, vaccination of pets &Registration, licensing, vaccination of pets &
destruction of stray animalsdestruction of stray animals
Elimination is possible only if the wild vectorsElimination is possible only if the wild vectors
(eg. Foxes, jackals) and the reservoirs are(eg. Foxes, jackals) and the reservoirs are
controlledcontrolled
No Rabies in AustraliaNo Rabies in Australia
49. In spite of Health Education several die dueIn spite of Health Education several die due
to Rabies infection in Developing worldto Rabies infection in Developing world
50. World's Rabies Day (on SeptemberWorld's Rabies Day (on September
28)28)
World Rabies Day isWorld Rabies Day is
a cooperative globala cooperative global
event planned toevent planned to
reduce the sufferingreduce the suffering
from rabies. This dayfrom rabies. This day
celebrates Dr. Louiscelebrates Dr. Louis
Pasteur’s vision of aPasteur’s vision of a
rabies free worldrabies free world..
51.
52. RABIES RELATED VIRUSRABIES RELATED VIRUS
Lagos bat virus – pooled brains ofLagos bat virus – pooled brains of
frugivorous batsfrugivorous bats
Mokola virus – shrewsMokola virus – shrews
Duvenhage virusDuvenhage virus
European bat Lyssavirus types 1 & 2European bat Lyssavirus types 1 & 2
Australian bat LyssavirusAustralian bat Lyssavirus