Adenoviruses are non-enveloped double stranded DNA viruses that are isolated from adenoid tissue. They cause respiratory, eye, urinary tract and intestinal infections in children and military recruits. There are over 50 serotypes classified into groups A through F. Symptoms vary depending on the infected site and serotype but include respiratory diseases, sore throat, follicular conjunctivitis and epidemic keratoconjunctivitis. Diagnosis involves tissue culture, complement fixation tests, PCR and electron microscopy. While there is no vaccine for general use, some vaccines exist to control outbreaks in closed communities.

1. ADENOVIRUSES
DR.RAJESH KUMAR R S

2. INTRODUCTION
• Isolated from adenoid tissue
• Rowe (1953)
• Non enveloped double stranded DNA viruses
• Common complement fixing antigen
• Strict host specificity
• Common in children
• Asymptomatic
• Respiratory tract & eye infections
• Urinary tract & intestinal infections

3. MORPHOLOGY

4. RESISTANCE
• Relatively stable
• Viable for a week at 37˚ C
• Inactivated at 50˚ C
• Resistant to ether and bile salts

5. GROWTH AND HOST RANGE
• Host specific ( except type 12, 18 & 31)
• Tissue cultures - Human embryonic kidney
- HeLa
- Hep2
• Cytopathic changes – cell rounding
- aggregation into grape like clusters
- intranuclear inclusion bodies

6. CLASSIFICATION
• Family Adenoviridae
• 2 genera – Mastadenovirus
- Aviadenovirus
• 6 groups – A to F
- Haemagglutination, Fibre length, DNA fragment analysis &
oncogenic potential
• 50 serotypes
• AIDS patients

7. PATHOGENICITY
SYNDROME PRINCIPAL SEROTYPES
Respiratory diseases in children 1, 2, 5, 6
Sore throat, Febrile cold, Pneumonia 3, 4, 7, 14, 21
ARD in Military recruits 4, 7, 21
Pharyngoconjunctival fever 3, 7, 14
Follicular conjunctivitis 3, 7
Epidemic Keratoconjunctivitis 8, 19, 37
Diarrhea 40, 41

8. FOLLICULAR CONJUNCTIVITIS

9. EPIDEMIC KERATOCONJUNCTIVITIS

10. Enteric type Adenoviruses
• Serotype 40, 41
• Electron microscopy
• Trypsinised Monkey Kidney Cells
• Transformed Human Embryonic Kidney cells
• Stool ELISA

11. OTHER SYNDROMES
• Acute Hemorrhagic Cystitis – serotypes 11, 21
• Generalised Exanthem
• Mesenteric adenitis
• Intussusception

12. LABORATORY DIAGNOSIS
• Tissue culture – Cytopathic effects
- Complement Fixation Tests
- Haemagglutination
- Neutralisation
• Serodiagnosis
• Electron Microscopy
• Immunofluorescence
• PCR

13. PROPHYLAXIS
• Control of outbreaks in closed community
• ARD – Killed & Live vaccines
• No vaccine available for general use
• Gene therapy

14. ADENO ASSOCIATED VIRUSES
• 20 – 25 nm icosahedral viral particles
• Defective viruses
• Adenosatellite viruses
• Dependovirus
• Parvoviridae
• Electron microscopy, CFT or Immunofluorescence
• Type 1, 2, 3, 4