1) Social stratification refers to the division of society into hierarchical social groups based on factors like power, property, and social evaluation. 2) There are two main types of social stratification - ascribed (based on attributes assigned at birth like gender, family) and achieved (based on attributes earned through one's own efforts like education and occupation). 3) Education can promote social mobility by allowing people to achieve a different status than their parents through gaining new skills, knowledge, and occupational opportunities. However, elitism in curriculum design may also serve to reinforce the power of existing elite social groups.

1. POWERS, IDEOLOGY & CURRICULUM
•Evolution and Creation of Society
•Powers,Structure of Society and Knowledge are
interrelated and can not be separated from each
other
•“Social stratification is the division of society in
permanent groups and categories linked with
each other by their relationships of superiority
and subordination”- P.Gisbert
•“Social stratification is a hierarchy of positions of
social groups with regard to power, property and
social evaluation”-Tumin

2. • Two types of Stratification- a) Ascribed –
‘Ascribed status gives a feeling of security that
purely achieved positions can never give’-
Davis ( Caste system in Indian society-
Brahmin, Khatriya, Vaishya and Shudra)
Status on the basis of Gender, Age, Colour,
Creed, Family back ground
• b)Achieved- Not rigid /Social mobility
(American society)

3. Education and Social Mobility
• “ Social Mobility means movement within the
social structure. When a person achieves a
different type of education from that of his
parents or moves into a different
occupational status, or adopts a different
style of life, he may be considered to be
socially mobile.”-Young & Mark
• Horizontal Mobility, Vertical Mobility, Upward
or downward Mobilty

4. Education/Knowledge
• Banard- “Education abolishes social
rigidity,removes discrimination based on birth
and destroys rigid stratification. It also strives to
achieve higher ideals,obtains higher positions of
prestige, formationn of good habits and
inculcation of permanent valules”
• Education- Religion and Cultrure, Sanskritization,
Urbanization,Industrialization,Westernization,Mo
dernisation

5. MERITOCRACY VS ELITICISM IN
CURRICULUM
• Meritocracy: Merit comes Latin word ‘Mereo’
means I earn Cracy comes from the Greek
word ‘Kratos’ means strength or powers-
Political power should be vested in individuals
almost exclusively based on ability and talent
• Meritorious- Merits in terms of tested
competency and ability as measured by IQ
• Elite class people used Merit/Meritocracy to
capture powers and created ideology

6. • Merotocracy reflected in framing curriculum
• Eliticismin curriculum-Governing Elite and
Non- Governing Elite
• Governing Elites: Corporation Leaders,
Political Leader, Military Chiefs
• Indian Elite: Higher Caste/English Educated/
Wealthy