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Education In Contemporary Indian Society

The document discusses the concept, meaning, aims, and history of education in contemporary Indian society. It provides definitions of education from various Indian and Western thinkers. Education is defined as the holistic development of an individual's knowledge, skills, and character. The aims of education have evolved over time from the acquisition of knowledge in ancient India to developing democratic citizenship, vocational skills, and cultivating moral values in modern India according to committees like the Secondary Education Commission and Indian Education Commission.

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Subject Contemporary Indian Education, Gender and Society. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 1
Unit: Education In Contemporary Indian Society. Concept of Education:- Meaning, Definitions, Aims of Education in Contemporary Indian Society. Created By: Monika Tayade 07/08/2022 2 Education in Contemporary Indian Society
Introduction The term „education‟ has been interpreted by different people in different ways. It is like a diamond which appears to be of a different color to when seen from different angle. Everyone have his own concept and meaning of education. These are influenced by his own outlook of life. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 3
Concept of Education. 07/08/2022 4 Education in Contemporary Indian Society Some people refer to it as formal schooling or to lifelong learning. Some others refer to it as acquisition of knowledge, skills and attitudes.  Some say that education is nothing, but training of people‟s mind in a particular direction to bring about desired changes.
Indian concept of Education. • Education is something, which makes a man self-reliant and self-less. - Rigveda. • Education is that whose end product is salvation. -Upanishada. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 5
Indian Education Thinkers • Education is the manifestation of perfection already in man. Like fire in a piece of flint, knowledge exists in the mind. Suggestion is the friction; which brings it out. -Swami Vivekananda • By education I mean an all-round drawing out of the best in child and man’s body, mind and spirit. - Mahatma Gandhi 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 6
Continue…… • The highest education is that which does not merely give us information but makes our life in harmony with all existence. - Rabindranath Tagore. • Education according to Indian tradition is not merely a means of earning a living; nor it is only a nursery of thought or a school for citizenship. It is initiation into the life of spirit & training of human souls in the pursuit of truth & the practice of virtue. - Dr.Radhakrishnan. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 7
Western Education Thinkers • Education develops in the body & soul of the pupil all the beauty and all the perfection he is capable of. -Plato. • Education is the child’s development from within. -Rousseau. • Education is the harmonious & progressive development of all the innate powers & faculties of man- physical, intellectual & moral. -Pestalozzi. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 8
• The above remarks of different educators highlight the following special features of education:  It is a continuous process.  It is knowledge or experience.  It is development of particular aspects of human personality or a harmonious integrated growth.  It is conducive for the good of the individual or the welfare of the society.  It is stabilizer of social order, conservator of culture, an instrument of change & social reconstruction. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 9
Meaning of Education. The term education is derived from Latin word  educere – to lead out or to draw out,  educare – to bring up or to nourish, and  educatum – the act of training or teaching  educo – „e‟ meaning „out of‟ and „duco‟ meaning „to lead‟ that means „to lead out‟ That is education means to lead out internal hidden talent of a child or a person. 07/08/2022 10 Education in Contemporary Indian Society
Word for Education in other Languages • Siksha” has come from the Sanskrit word “Shash”. • “Shash” means to discipline, to control, to order, to direct, to rule etc. • “Vidya” which means knowledge. • The term “Vidya” has originated from “Bid” meaning knowledge. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 11
Education in narrow sense. • In its narrow sense, school instruction is called education. • In this process, the elders of society strive to attain predetermined aims during a specified time. • By providing pre-structured knowledge to children through set methods of teaching. • The purpose is to achieve mental development of children entering school. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 12
Education in wider sense In its wider sense, education is the total development of the personality.  In this sense, education consists of all those experiences, which affect the individual from birth till death. Thus, education is that process by which an individual freely develops his self according to his nature in a free & uncontrolled environment. In this way, education is a life long process of growth environment. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 13
Education in the wider sense is a life-long process. It begins with the birth of a child & ends with his death. It is a continuous process.  Continuity is the law of life. Education is not limited to the classroom only; it is also not limited to a particular period of life.  Education is a life long process & goes on from birth to death.  Throughout life one goes on learning to adjust oneself to the changing patterns of life.  Change it’s the fundamental law of human existence. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 14
Definition: • “Education is the complete development of the individuality so that he can make an original contribution to human life to his best capacity”. – Nunn. • “By education I mean the influence of the environment upon the individual to produce a permanent change in his habits of behavior, of thought and of his attitude. Environment has various aspects – physical, social, & cultural. Education should facilitate the task of adaptation of the child to his environment”. – Thomson. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 15
Definition • Thus, education may be defined as a purposive, conscious or unconscious psychological, sociological, scientific & philosophical process, • It brings about the development of the individual to the fullest extent. • And also the maximum development of society • So that both enjoy maximum happiness & prosperity. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 16
Aims of Education • Aims are related to real situation in life. • Education to be effective must meet the many- sided needs of the society. • A child is not to be educated in a vacuum 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 17
DIFFERENT AIMS OF EDUCATION • The Vocational Aim. • The Knowledge or Information Aim • The Culture Aim. • The Character Formation Aim or the Moral Aim. • The Spiritual Aim. • The Adjustment Aim. • The Leisure Aim. • The Citizenship Training Aim • The Complete Living Aim. • The Harmonious Development Aim. • The Social Aim 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 18
Aim of Education In India • Educational aims in India should be judged in relation to the lives of the Indian people. • Indian civilization is one of the ancient civilizations of the world. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 19
Aims of Education in Ancient India It was ultimate outcome of the Indian theory of knowledge & the corresponding scheme of life & values.  The first was the acquisition of knowledge.  Education for occupation was another important aim.  Character training & moral education was regarded as very important aim of ancient Indian education. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 20
Aims of Education in Medieval India  Medieval civilization centered round religion.  The Muslim rulers of India generally took a keen interest in education.  Muslim education included those eternal teachings & values of the Quran & Haditha, which would promote moral and spiritual knowledge.  Islamic education aimed at both physical & mental development of the students.  it aimed at total development of personality of individual. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 21
Aims of Education in British India • The British uprooted the indigenous system of education in India with definite intentions. • It was designed to prepare Indians only for taking certain subordinate positions in Government offices. • It was not intended to develop among the people capacities to take leadership & initiative in different walks of life. • The aim of British education was to inculcate European knowledge in the minds of the Indians. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 22
Aims of Education in Independent India  After independence the Indian leaders realized the inherent defects in the system of education introduced by the British.  Universalization of education was the need of the hour.  Education must be linked with national development in all directions.  Government in independent India set up different committees & commissions for educational reforms in the desired lines.  These committees and commissions have formulated educational aims & objectives. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 23
Government in independent India set up different committees & commissions for educational reforms 1. The University Education Commission (1948-49) 2. Secondary Education Commission (1952–53) 3. Education Commission (1964–66) 4. National Commission on Teachers (1983-85) 5. National Policy on Education (NPE-1986) 6. National Curriculum Framework–2005 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 24
Secondary Education Commission 1.Developing Democratic Citizenship. 2. Vocational Efficiency. 3.Development Personality or Character. 4. Education for leadership. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 25
The Indian Education Commission on Educational Aims (1964-66) According to it education should aim at:  Increasing national productivity;  Achieving social & national integration;  Accelerating the process of modernization; Cultivating social, moral & spiritual values. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 26
Aims in India.  Developing Democratic Citizenship  Vocational Efficiency,  Development of Personality or Character,  Education for leadership,  Increasing national productivity;  Achieving social and national integration;  Accelerating the process of modernization;  Cultivating social, moral & spiritual values. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 27
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Reference Meaning, Aims and Process of Education – Satish Kumar, Sajjad Ahmad. Basics in Education.(www.ncert.nic.in) Basics Ideas in Education. - J.C.Aggarwal. The Philosophical and Sociological Foundations of Education.- Bhatia and Bhatia. 07/08/2022 Education in Contemporary Indian Society 29