IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with r...Yedukondalachari B
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project
DESIGN OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN MULTI AR...IAEME Publication
This paper features the Differential Evolution (DE) by controller parameters tuning algorithm
and also an application of a multi source power system to a Load Frequency Control (LFC) by
having several sources of power generation techniques. At first, a single area multi-source power
system using integral controllers for every unit is taken and DE procedure is implemented to attain
the controller parameters. Several mutation procedures of DE are estimated and the control
parameters of DE for best obtained procedure are tuned by implementing numerous runs of
algorithm for every change in parameter. Multi-area multi-source power system is also discussed
and a HDVC link is also taken in accordance with the current AC tie line for the internal
connection between the areas. The two variables of Integrals which are to be enhanced using tuned
DE algorithm are proportional integral and proportional integral derivative.
Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy ControllerIJERA Editor
The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with r...Yedukondalachari B
frequency regulation of deregulated power system having grc integrated with renewable source project first review, it is the one of the best power system project
DESIGN OF CONTROL STRATEGIES FOR THE LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL (LFC) IN MULTI AR...IAEME Publication
This paper features the Differential Evolution (DE) by controller parameters tuning algorithm
and also an application of a multi source power system to a Load Frequency Control (LFC) by
having several sources of power generation techniques. At first, a single area multi-source power
system using integral controllers for every unit is taken and DE procedure is implemented to attain
the controller parameters. Several mutation procedures of DE are estimated and the control
parameters of DE for best obtained procedure are tuned by implementing numerous runs of
algorithm for every change in parameter. Multi-area multi-source power system is also discussed
and a HDVC link is also taken in accordance with the current AC tie line for the internal
connection between the areas. The two variables of Integrals which are to be enhanced using tuned
DE algorithm are proportional integral and proportional integral derivative.
Load Frequency Control of Multi Area System using Integral-Fuzzy ControllerIJERA Editor
The power system is interconnected to enhance the security and reliability. With large interconnected system, unexpected external disturbances, parameter uncertainties and the model uncertainties make big challenges for stability of system. Load Frequency Control (LFC) deals with the control of real power and frequency of the system. The LFC is used to reduce the transient deviations in the power system. It limits the frequency within limits and controls the tie-line exchange power. Various controllers are used for this purpose. Recently Artificial Intelligence Techniques such as Artificial Neural Network (ANN), fuzzy logic, Genetic Algorithm etc. are used for the designing of controllers. These controllers provide a faster response and are flexible to adjust according to system conditions. In this paper, I have designed integral controller which is conventional method for Load Frequency Control and Artificial Intelligence Technique based Fuzzy Logic controller to deal with the Load Frequency Control Problem for Multi-area System. The simulation of the system is done with MATLAB. These controllers provide a robust system which is more stable and reliable and helps the system to regain its normal state after any disturbance.
Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controllerijtsrd
In interconnected power system load frequency control has been used extensively. This study presents an application of a fuzzy gain scheduled proportional and integral (FGPI) controller for load-frequency control of a three-area electrical interconnected power system. The main aim is to design a FGPI controller that can ensure good performance. The paper present analysis on dynamic performance of Load Frequency Control (LFC) of three area interconnected thermal non-reheat power system by the use of Fuzzy Intelligence. The fuzzy rules are developed to ensure there is minimum frequency deviation occur when load is changed. The proposed controller limits the frequency deviations effectively as compared to conventional controller. The results has been verified by using MATLAB/Simulink software. Nazia Kosser"Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12955.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/12955/load-frequency-control-in-three-area-power-system-using-fuzzy-logic-controller/nazia-kosser
Load Frequency Control of Two Area SystemManash Deka
This is a synopsis presentation on a project of designing and analyzing Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a two area system. This is useful for students, basically of Electrical Engineering branch. This project will be simulated in simulink of MATLAB.
Load frequency control in co ordination with frequency controllable hvdc link...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper decentralized load frequency control (LFC) for suppression of oscillations in multi-area power systems using fuzzy logic
controller was studied. A three area system is considered in which areas 1 and 2 and areas 1 and 3 are connected by HVDC
transmission links and areas 2 and 3 are connected by normal AC tie-line. The performance of the fuzzy logic controller is compared
with the conventional PI controller and the simulation results shows that fuzzy logic controller is very effective enhancing better
damping performance in non-linear conditions.
Keywords: Load Frequency Control, High Voltage Direct Current transmission Link, Proportional Integral Controller,
Fuzzy Logic Control.
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
Implementation of hysteresis current control for single phase grid connected ...Asoka Technologies
This paper describes a control method for single phase grid-connected inverter system for distributed generation application. Single-band Hysteresis Current Controller is applied as the control method. The control algorithm is implemented in Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2812. The control method provides robust current regulation and achieve unity power factor. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimum capacity allocation of distributed generation units using parallel ps...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper proposes the application of Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) technique to find the optimal sizing of multiple DG(Distributed Generation) units in the radial distribution network by reduction in real power losses and enhancement in voltage profile. Message passing interface (MPI) is used for the parallelization of PSO. The initial population of PSO algorithm has been divided between the processors at run time. The proposed technique is tested on standard 123-bus test system and the obtained results show that the simulation time is significantly reduced and is concluded that parallelization helps in enhancing the performance of basic PSO. The procedure has been implemented in an environment in which OpenDSS (Open Distribution System Simulator) is driven from MATLAB. An adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm has been developed in MATLAB , parallelization is achieved using MATLABMPI and the unbalanced three-phase distribution load flow (DLF) has been performed using Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI) open source tool OpenDSS. Index Terms: Distributed Generation, Message Passing Interface, Optimal Placement, Parallel Particle Swarm Optimisation
Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controllerijtsrd
In interconnected power system load frequency control has been used extensively. This study presents an application of a fuzzy gain scheduled proportional and integral (FGPI) controller for load-frequency control of a three-area electrical interconnected power system. The main aim is to design a FGPI controller that can ensure good performance. The paper present analysis on dynamic performance of Load Frequency Control (LFC) of three area interconnected thermal non-reheat power system by the use of Fuzzy Intelligence. The fuzzy rules are developed to ensure there is minimum frequency deviation occur when load is changed. The proposed controller limits the frequency deviations effectively as compared to conventional controller. The results has been verified by using MATLAB/Simulink software. Nazia Kosser"Load Frequency Control in Three Area Power System using Fuzzy Logic Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-4 , June 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd12955.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/12955/load-frequency-control-in-three-area-power-system-using-fuzzy-logic-controller/nazia-kosser
Load Frequency Control of Two Area SystemManash Deka
This is a synopsis presentation on a project of designing and analyzing Load Frequency Control (LFC) of a two area system. This is useful for students, basically of Electrical Engineering branch. This project will be simulated in simulink of MATLAB.
Load frequency control in co ordination with frequency controllable hvdc link...eSAT Journals
Abstract
In this paper decentralized load frequency control (LFC) for suppression of oscillations in multi-area power systems using fuzzy logic
controller was studied. A three area system is considered in which areas 1 and 2 and areas 1 and 3 are connected by HVDC
transmission links and areas 2 and 3 are connected by normal AC tie-line. The performance of the fuzzy logic controller is compared
with the conventional PI controller and the simulation results shows that fuzzy logic controller is very effective enhancing better
damping performance in non-linear conditions.
Keywords: Load Frequency Control, High Voltage Direct Current transmission Link, Proportional Integral Controller,
Fuzzy Logic Control.
As the fifth in a series of tutorials on the power system, Leonardo ENERGY introduces its minute lecture on voltage and frequency control, using the analogy of a metal/rubber plate to demonstrate the centralised nature of frequency control, whereas voltage control is more a local matter.
Implementation of hysteresis current control for single phase grid connected ...Asoka Technologies
This paper describes a control method for single phase grid-connected inverter system for distributed generation application. Single-band Hysteresis Current Controller is applied as the control method. The control algorithm is implemented in Digital Signal Processor (DSP) TMS320F2812. The control method provides robust current regulation and achieve unity power factor. Simulation and experimental results are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the design.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Optimum capacity allocation of distributed generation units using parallel ps...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper proposes the application of Parallel Particle Swarm Optimization (PPSO) technique to find the optimal sizing of multiple DG(Distributed Generation) units in the radial distribution network by reduction in real power losses and enhancement in voltage profile. Message passing interface (MPI) is used for the parallelization of PSO. The initial population of PSO algorithm has been divided between the processors at run time. The proposed technique is tested on standard 123-bus test system and the obtained results show that the simulation time is significantly reduced and is concluded that parallelization helps in enhancing the performance of basic PSO. The procedure has been implemented in an environment in which OpenDSS (Open Distribution System Simulator) is driven from MATLAB. An adaptive weight particle swarm optimization algorithm has been developed in MATLAB , parallelization is achieved using MATLABMPI and the unbalanced three-phase distribution load flow (DLF) has been performed using Electric Power Research Institute’s (EPRI) open source tool OpenDSS. Index Terms: Distributed Generation, Message Passing Interface, Optimal Placement, Parallel Particle Swarm Optimisation
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
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Abstract This paper proposes Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) based approach for light intensity control in a Photo Voltaic (PV) supply fed LED lighting system. The output power regulation of LED lighting system is formulated as an optimization problem and the output power regulation is carried out using a real time PSO technique. The concept is first simulated and verified and subsequently implemented on a 16-bit PIC microcontroller. The proposed method possesses the major advantage of system independence while regulating the output power. The computed and measured results clearly illustrate the effectiveness of the new method. Keywords: Particle Swarm Optimization, Light Emitting Diode and Photo Voltaic System etc…
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Comparative study of fuzzy logic and ann for short term load forecastingeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Autotuning of pid controller for robot arm and magnet levitation planteSAT Journals
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PID type. An auto tuning is one of the method of controller tuning in which tuning of the parameters of controller is done
automatically and possibly, without any user interaction expect from initiating the operation. Present study emphasis on the relay
based auto tuning of PID controller. An auto-tuning method is implemented based on a relay experiment to determine the ultimate
gain and the ultimate period, with which the PID parameters are obtained using the Ziegler-Nichols tuning rules. An auto tuning
of robot arm model and magnet levitation model are carried out. Performance of relay based auto tuning on the basis of integral
square error is better than artificial neural network.
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Optimization of automatic voltage regulator by proportional integral derivati...eSAT Journals
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This paper is basically based on the optimization of working of Automatic voltage regulator by the proportional Intigral
derivative controller. In this analysis, optimization is done by very novel concept Particle Swarm Optimization and simulated
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extent of a synchronous generator at a predetermined level the generator excitation framework keeps up the generator voltage
and controls the reactive power stream.
IndexTerms:AutomaticVoltageRegulator,MATLAB
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Available transfer capability computations in the indian southern e.h.v power...eSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents three methods for computing the available transfer capability (ATC). One method is the conventional method known as continuation repeated power flow (CRPF) and other two are the intelligent techniques known as radial basis function neural network (RBFNN), basic adaptive neuro fuzzy inference system (ANFIS). In these two intelligent techniques, the basic ANFIS works with a multiple input single output (MISO) and it is modified as multiple input multiple output (MIMO) ANFIS using the proposed MIMO ANFIS. The main intension of this proposed method is to utilise the significant features of ANFIS with respect to the multiple outputs, as the basic ANFIS has been proved as the best intelligent techniques in the modelling of any application, but it has a disadvantage of single output and this drawback will be overcome using the proposed MIMO ANFIS. In this paper, the latest Indian southern region extra high voltage (SREHV) 72-bus system considered as test system to obtain the ATC computations using three methods. The ATC computations at desired buses are obtained with and without contingencies and compared the conventional ATC computations with the intelligent techniques. The obtained results are scrupulously verified with different test patterns and observed that the accuracy of proposed method is proved as the best as compared to the other methods for computing ATC. In this way, this paper shows a better way to compute ATC for the different open power market system Keywords— Available Transfer Capability, Total Transfer Capability, Open Power Markets, Repeated Power Flow, Radial Basis Function Neural Networks, Adaptive Neuro Fuzzy Inference System etc.
Improved dynamic performances of multi area reheat thermal agc power systems ...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
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IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A comparative analysis for stabilize the temperature variation of a water bod...eSAT Journals
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Automatic load frequency control of two area power system with conventional and fuzzy logic control
1. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
__________________________________________________________________________________________
Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 343
AUTOMATIC LOAD FREQUENCY CONTROL OF TWO AREA POWER
SYSTEM WITH CONVENTIONAL AND FUZZY LOGIC CONTROL
Nilay.N.Shah1
, Aditya.D.Chafekar2
, Dwij.N.Mehta3
, Anant.R.Suthar4
1
. Asst.Prof., Electrical Dept., SVIT Vasad, Gujarat, India, 2,3,4
Electrical Dept., SVIT Vasad, Gujarat, India,
nlinshah_svit@yahoo.com, adityachafekar17@gmail.com, dwijmehta37@gmail.com, anantsuthar777@gmail.com
Abstract
The paper presents the controllers to regulate the system frequency. The performance of the controller like PI and Fuzzy Logic
are proposed and compared on two area of power system. Fuzzy Logic controllers are found better than the conventional
method. Simulations have been performed using Matlab.
Key words: Two area frequency power system, PI controller, and Fuzzy logic controller
----------------------------------------------------------------------***------------------------------------------------------------------------
1. INTRODUCTION
The main purpose of operating the load frequency control is to
keep uniform the frequency changes during the load changes.
During the power system operation rotor angle, frequency
and active power are the main parameters to change.[13]
In multi area system a change of power in one area is met
by the increase in generation in all areas associated with a
change in the tie-line power and a reduction in frequency. In
the normal operating state the power system demands of areas
are satisfied at the nominal frequency. A simple Control
strategy for the normal mode is to operates in such a way that
1. Keep frequency approximately at nominal value.
2. Maintain the tie-line flow at about schedule.
3. Each area should absorb its own load changes.
Controller must be sensitive against changes in frequency and
load. To analyze the control system mathematical model must
be established. There are two models which are widely used,
1. Transfer function model
2. State variable approach.
The most applied controller is Conventional Proportional
Integral (PI) [3,6]. It is easier but usually gives large settling
time. Most research going on now is based on artificial
intelligent systems (fuzzy and neural networks). The inherent
gain of these techniques is that they do not require the system
model and identification but depend on human expertise
knowledge of the behavior.
In this paper, a fuzzy with and without PI controller is
proposed and performance comparison is carried out for
conventional PI.
2. TWO AREA SYSTEM
A two area system consists of two single area systems ,
connected through a power line called tie-line, is shown
in the Figure 1. Each area feeds its user pool, and the tie
line allows electric power to flow between the areas.
Information about the local area is found in the tie line power
fluctuations. Therefore, the tie-line power is sensed, and
the resulting tie-line power is fed back into both areas. It
is conveniently assumed that each control area can be
represented by and equivalent turbine, generator and
governor system.
Fig-1: (Two area power system)
Fig. 1 shows the block diagram representing the two area
power system . This model includes the conventional
integral controller gains (K1 , K2) and the two auxiliary
(stabilizing) signals( Δu1, Δu2). The stabilizing signals will
be generated by the proposed fuzzy logic load frequency
controller (FLFC).
2. IJRET: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology ISSN: 2319-1163
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 344
Each power area has a number of generators which are
closely coupled together so as to form a coherent group,
i.e. all the generators respond in unison to changes in the
load. Such a coherent area is called a control area in
which the frequency is assumed to be the same
throughout in static as well as dynamic situation
There exists a maximum on the rate of change of power
that can be generated by steam plants. The constraints of
the nonlinear characteristics of the turbine control should
be considered in the load frequency controller design. If
these constraints are not considered in the controller
design, the power area is likely to chase large monetary
disturbance.
Since a tie line transports power in or out of an area, this
fact must be accounted for in the incremental power
balance equation of each area.
3. INTEGRAL CONTROL [14]
The integral control composed of a frequency sensor and an
integrator. The frequency sensor measures the frequency
error ∆f and this error signal is fed into the integratorThe
input to the integrator is called the Area Control Error (ACE).
The ACE is the change in area frequency , which when
used in an integral-control loop, forces the s steady-state
frequency error to zero.
The integrator produces a real-power command signal ∆Pc
and is given by
∆Pc = -Ki ∆fdt
= -Ki ACE dt
∆Pc = input of speed –changer
Ki = integral gain constant.
The value of Ki is given by below equation. [4]
Ki = 1/4τp Kps 1 +
Kps
R
2
= Kcrit
Fig-2: (two areas with PI)
The value of Ki is so selected that the response will be
damped and non-oscillatory.
In this case Ki< Kcrit .
The matlab simulink fig.2 shows the two area frequency
controlwithPI
4. FUZZY LOGIC CONTROLLER
There are three principal elements to a fuzzy logic controller:
Fuzzification module (Fuzzifer)
Rule base and Inference engine
Defuzzification module (Defuzzifier)
Fuzzy control is based on a logical system called fuzzy logic.
It is much close in spirit to human Thinking than classical
logical systems . The LFC has been reported in several
papers is to maintain Balance between production and
consumption of electrical power. Due to the complexity and
Multi-variable nature of power systems, a conventional
control method has not provided satisfactory solutions.
The fuzzy logic control has tried to handle the robustness
, reliability and nonlinearities associated with power system
controls. Therefore a fuzzy logic controller (FLC) becomes
nonlinear and adaptive in nature having a robust
performance under parameter variations with the ability to
get desired control actions for complex uncertain , and
nonlinear systems without their mathematical models and
parameter estimation.
This work proposes a fuzzy controller with up to 49
rules with 7 membership function as negative big (NB) ,
negative medium (NM) , negative small (NS) , zero (ZE)
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 345
, positive small (PS) , positive medium (PM) , positive
big (PB) . For the control of Area control error (ACE) ,
there are two controllers , ACE and d/dt(ACE) [10].
Table-1 below shows the rules. The rules are interpreted as if
ACE is NB an d/dt(ACE) is NS then the output is
PM.Triangular membership functions are used for both
the inputs and output.
The Defuzzification method employed is the center of area
method [9, 11]. The overall two area system with Fuzzy logic
is shown in figure 3.
Table-1:(Fuzzy rules)
Fig-3 :( Simulink model of two areas fuzzy PI)
5. SIMULATION AND RESULTS
The following simulations were performed in order to
investigate the performance of the proposed fuzzy logic
controller over the conventional integral controller with 2%
change in load of each area with parameters as indicated in
Appendix A.
5.1: Simulation is carried out of two area system as per
following systems for response of Δf1, (see Fig.4)
1. without any controller
2.With PI controller
3.With fuzzy logic controller
4.Fuzzy logic with PI
5.2 Simulation is carried out of two area system as per
following systems for response of Δf2, (see Fig.5)
1. without any controller
2.With PI controller
3.With fuzzy logic controller
4.Fuzzy logic with PI
5.3 Simulation is carried out of two area system as per
following systems for response of Pm1, Pm2 and P12
1. Without any controller (see Fig.6)
2. With PI controller (see Fig. 7)
3. With fuzzy logic controller (see Fig.8)
4. Fuzzy logic with PI (see Fig.9)
AREA CONTROL ERROR ( ACE )
NB NM NS ZE PS PM PB
d/
dt
of
A
C
E
NB PB PB PB PB PM PM PS
NM PB PM PM PM PS PS PS
NS PM PM PS PS PS PS ZE
ZE NS NS NS ZE PS PS PS
PS ZE NS NS NS NS NM NM
PM NS NS NM NM NM NB NB
PB NS NM NB NB NB NB NB
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 346
CONCLUSIONS
In this study an approach of fuzzy logic controller has
been investigated for two area frequency control of
power system. Results have been compared for step load
change against different controller technique mention in the
following summary. The result shows the intelligent controller
is having more improved dynamic response.
Summary of frequency deviation of Δf1
Summary of frequency deviation of Δf2
Type of
controller
%Overshoot Settling
time
Steady
state
error
Without
controller
7 33 -0.3
PI 4 40 0.0
Fuzzy Logic 3 15 -0.53
Fuzzy PI 3.5 23 0.0
Summary of deviation of Pm1
Type of
controller
%Overshoot Settling
time
Steady
state
error
Without
controller
7 30 0.05
PI 3 35 0.0
Fuzzy Logic 2 13 0.05
Fuzzy PI 3 22 0.0
Summary of deviation of Pm2
Type of
controller
%Overshoot Settling
time
Steady
state error
hout
controller
7 30 -0.05
PI 2 35 0.0
uzzy Logic 1.5 13 -0.06
Fuzzy PI 2.5 22 0.0
Type of
controller
%Overshoot Settling
time
Steady
state
error
Without
controller
7 33 -0.28
PI 4 40 0.0
Fuzzy Logic 2.5 15 -0.52
Fuzzy PI 4.5 23 0.0
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Volume: 01 Issue: 03 | Nov-2012, Available @ http://www.ijret.org 347
REFERENCES
[1] Haadi Sadat, “Power Systems Analysis” McGraw-Hill
companies Inc. 1999.
[2] Elgerd, O.I, “Electric Energy system theory: An
Introduction” McGraw-Hill, TMH edition, 1971
[3] Jawat, T. and Fadel, A, B. “Adaptive Fuzzy Gain
Scheduling for Load frequency control”, IEEE Trans. on PAS,
vol. 14, No 1, February 1999.
[4] Nanda, J. and Kaul, B.L, “Automatic Generation Control
of an interconnected power system” IEE Proc. Vol. 125, No.
5, May 1978, pp 385-390.
[5] Fosha, C.E, and Elgerd, O.I. “The Megawatt-Frequency
control problem: a new approach via
Optimal control theory, IEEE, Trans. pp 563-577, 1970.
[6] Edison, B, and Ilie, M, “Advanced Generation control:
Technical Enhancements, costs, and Responses of market
Driven Demand” Proc. of the 57th Annual American Power
conf; vol. 57, No. 2, 1995, pp 1419-1427.
[7] Gopal, M, “Modern control system theory” Wiley Eastern
Ltd, 2nd edition 1993.
[8] Alden, M, “A Fresh Approach to the LQR problem with
Application to power systems”
[9] Indulkar, C.S, and Raj. B, “Application of fuzzy controller
to Automatic Generation control, “Electric machines and
power systems; vol. 23, No 2, March-April 1995. pp 32-38
[10] Anand, B. And Ebenezer, A.J., “Load Frequency control
with fuzzy logic controller considering Nonlinearities and
Boiler Dynamic” ICGST-ACSE Journal vol. 8, issue 111, Jan.
2009.
[11] Learning simulink, mathworks, Inc, 2001
[12] Passino K.M, and Yurkovich S., “Fuzzy control,
“Addison-Wesley 1998.
[13] S.Sivanagaraju, Gsreenivasan, Power System Operation
and Control.
[14] Nilay.N.Shah, Dr.C.D.Kotwal” The State Space
Modeling of Single, Two and Three ALFC of Power System
Using Integral Control and Optimal LQR Control Method” in
IOSR Journal of Engineering March-2012Vol2 (3) pp: 501-
510.
BIOGRAPHIES:
Nilaykumar N. Shah received his M.E.
degree from S.P.University of
VVNAGAR, Anand, India in 2003. From
2004 he has been a faculty member of
Electrical Engineering in Sardar
Vallabhbhai Patel Institute of Technology,
Vasad, Gujarat, India. His areas of
interests are in Power System, Deregulation of electricity
market, Power System Operation and Control, AI applications
to power system.
Dwij N. Mehta is pursuing B.E. Electrical
(final year) engineering from SVIT
VASAD and presently he is working on his
project under guidance of Prof. N.N.Shah.
Aditya D. Chafekar is pursuing B.E.
Electrical (final year) engineering from
SVIT VASAD and presently he is working
on his project under guidance of Prof.
N.N.Shah.
Anant R.Suthar is pursuing B.E. Electrical
(final year) engineering from SVIT VASAD
and presently he is working on his project
under guidance of Prof. N.N.Shah.
PARAMETERS SYSTEM
1
SYSTEM
2
Power system gain constant
, 𝐾𝑝𝑠
120 100
Power system time constant,
𝜏 𝑝𝑠
20 22
Speed Regulation R 2.5 3
Normal frequency , f 50 50
Governor time constant, 𝜏 𝑠𝑔 0.2 0.3
Turbine time constant, 𝜏𝑡 0.4 0.5
Integration time , constant,
Ki ,
Ki = 1/4𝜏 𝑝 𝐾𝑝𝑠 1 +
𝐾𝑝𝑠
𝑅
2
=
Kcrit
0.1 0.15
T12 = 0.08
ΔXE= Change in valve position
ΔPG = Change in generation.
Δf = Change in frequency.
ΔPTL= Change in tie − line power.