Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Antenatal exercises are exercises performed by the women in their antenatal period to enhance the circulation and prevent various kind of complications. It also gives a feeling of well being to the women.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Antenatal exercises are exercises performed by the women in their antenatal period to enhance the circulation and prevent various kind of complications. It also gives a feeling of well being to the women.
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.
pictorial description of anatomy, physiology of lactation, neonatal reflex of rooting,suckling,swallowing, good attachment, good position, special situations, problems while breastfeeding
Standardization of Acids and bases.
2. Determination of pKa and pKb values
3. Preparation of solutions of different pH & buffer capacities.
4. Determination of phase diagram of binary systems.
Determination of distribution coefficients.
6. Determination of molecular weight by Victor Meyer’s Method.
7. Determination of heats of solutions by measuring solubility as a function of temperature
(Van’t Hoff equation.)
A. Qualitative analysis of metal ions and acid radicals:
Na+, K+, Ca+2, Ag+, Mn+4, Fe+2, Fe+3, Co+2, Mg+2, Al+3, Cu+2 and acid radicals CO3,
halides, Citrate
SO4-2, NO3-, SO3-2, etc.
B. Identification of inorganic drugs in their formulation:
1. Ca+2, from supplied preparations
2. Fe+2 from supplied preparations
3. Al+3 from supplied preparations
4. Mg+2 from supplied preparations
5. K+ from supplied reparations
6. Na+ from supplied preparations
C. Conversion of different water insoluble or sparingly soluble drugs into water soluble
forms:
1. Na/ K – salicylate from salicylic acid
2. Na/ K – benzoate from benzoic acid
3. Na/ K – citrate from citric acid
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine MANIKanikImran Nur Manik
Plants in complimentary and traditional systems of medicine: Introduction-different types of
alternative systems of treatments (e.g. Ayurvedic, Unani and Homeopathic medicine). Contribution
of traditional drugs to modern medicines. Details of some common indigenous traditional drugs:
Punarnava, Vashaka, Anantamul, Arjuna, Chirata, Picrorhiga, Kalomegh, Amla, Asoka, Bahera,
Haritaki, Tulsi, Neem, Betel nut, Joan, Karela, Shajna, Carrot, Bael, Garlic, Jam and Madar.
Crude drugs: A general view of their origin, distributions, cultivation, collection, drying and
storage, commerce and quality control.
a) Classification of drugs.
b) Preparation of drugs for commercial market
c) Evaluation of crude drugs.
d) Drug adulteration.
Carbohydrate and related compounds: Sugars and sugar containing drugs. Sucrose,
dextrose, glucose, fructose etc. Polysaccharides and polysaccharide containing drugs,
Starches, dextrins etc. Gums and mucilages, tragacanth, acacia, sterculia, sodium
alginate, agar and cellulose.
Volatile oils and related terpenoids-Methods of obtaining volatile oils,
chemistry, their medicinal and commercial uses, biosynthesis of some important
volatile oils used as drugs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
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micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
2. • Title of the Course : Diploma in Midwifery
• Name of the subject : Transition to practice
• Subject Code :
• Name of the Topic : Postnatal Care
• Venue : Class room, Academic
building, Rajshahi Nursing College, Rajshahi
• Date :
Name of the Teacher : Laila Arjuman
Duration : One hour
Levels of Students : Diploma in
Midwifery
3. • Number of Students : 23 (3rd year students)
• Method of Teaching : Lecture method and
demonstration
• Teaching Aids : Marker Pen white board
and duster, Multimedia and Microphone
• Assessment Method : Asking question
• Room Layout : Line Arrangement of
the chair
Evaluation : Students able to
understanding
Roll Call : Pen, roll call khata,
microphone
4. General Objective: After completion of this
session the students will be able to acquir
knowledge, develop attitude & skill on postnatal
care
Specific objective: Al the end of the session
the students will be able to knowledge about the
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
5. Specific objective(Cont…)
• Important conditions we should enquire in
postnatal care
• Schedule of postnatal care
• Postnatal exercise
• Advice given to the mother during
discharge postnatal care
• Advice regarding family planning and
sterilization during puerperium
6. LESSION OBJECTIVE
• Introduction about postnatal care
• Define postnatal care
• Aims & objectives of postnatal care
• Important conditions we should enquire in
postnatal care
• Schedule of postnatal care
• Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge
postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and
sterilization during puerperium
7. Postnatal care includes systematic examination of
mother and baby and appropriate advice given to the
mother during postpartum period. Over 5,36000
women die annually from complications during
pregnancy, child birth or the postpartum period.
Nearly all of this death occur in developing countries
where fertility rates are higher and and a womens life
time risk of dying during pregnancy or child bith.
Almost all 95% of this maternal death occurred
in Africa and Asia. The durden of maternal
complications and deaths is also highst in the
first few days of delivery.
8.
9. A. Enquiry to the mother:
• Any excessive PN bleeding
• Puerperal pyrexia
• Puerperal sepsis
• Involution of the uterus
• Breast complications:
Breast engorgement
Mastitis
Cracked nipple
Breast abscess
10. Important conditions we should
enquire in postnatal care
B. Enquiry to the baby:
• Exclusive breast feeding
• Keeping the baby warm
• Dry and wrap
• Delayed bathing for 72 hour
Immunization
Importance of neonatal care
11. • Reluctant to faced
• High pitched cry
• Fever
• Granting in drawing of chest
Convulsions
Yellow coloration eyes & body
Discharge / bleeding from umbilicus
12. Schedule of postnatal visit
First : within 24 hours
Second : within 2-3 days
Third : within 4-7 days
Fourth : Within 42-45 days
13. Postpartum/Postnatal Exercise
Postnatal exercise should begin as soon as possible
& continue throughout the puerperium.
It is particularly important for multipara women,
whose muscles are more flaccid than those of
primipara.
It increases
Muscle tone
Venous return from the legs & lower
abdomen
Drainage of the Lochia
14. Postpartum/Postnatal Exercise
Postpartum exercise begins with
five repetitions two or three times
daily & gradually increases to ten
repetitions. After 2-3 weeks more
strenuous exercise such as sit ups
& side leg raises may be added
as tolerate.
15. 1. Prone position: Lying on abdomen with 2
pillows under lower abdomen & arms at sides .
Rest at least 20 minute
2. Abdominal breathing: Lying supine with no
pillow & legs straight. Inhale deeply through
the nose. Keeping rids as stationary as
possible & allowing the abdomen to
expand up. Exhale slowly but forcefully
while contracting the abdominal muscles.
Repeat with 6 repetitions.
16. 3. Pelvic rocking (knee to Abdomen):
Lying supine position with no pillow &
arms at side. Bend right knee& thigh
until foot touches buttolk. Straighten
right leg & lower it slowly. Alternate with
right & 5-6 times.
17. 1. Chin to chest: Lying supine with no
pillow & legs straight. Raised head &
attempt to touch chin to chest. Slow lower
head, Repeat with 10 repetitions.
2. Arm raised: Lying supine with arm
extended at 90 angle from body, slow
raised arm keeping elbow stiff.
Touch hands together &
gradually return arms to original
position. Repeat 5-10 repetitions.
18. 3. Leg raising: Lying supine with no pillow
& legs straight. Raised the right leg as high
as possible , keeping the toe pointed in lie
with leg. Do not bend the knee. Lower the
leg slowly to the bed. Alternate with right &
left 5-10 times.
4. Buttock lift: Lie on back with arms at
sides, knees, & feet flat. Slowly
raised buttock & arch back. Return
slowly to starting position. Repeat
with 5- 10 repetitions.
19. Leg exercise: Sitting on a chair or lying on
a bed touching the heel of the foot on floor
bed rotate the heel clock & anti-clock wise
alternatively. Repeat 5-10 repetitions. Both
legs.
Perineal exercise: Sitting on a chair or
lying position squeeze the perineal
muscles & relax them repeat 5- 10
repetitions.
20. Advice after normal delivery:
• Diet: High nutritious diet containing vitamins, mineral
including iron folic acid vitamin-c calcium etc.
• Should not bear heavy weight for at 3 months
Contraception-
Progesterone only pill /minipill for first 6 month
Barrier method for next 2 years.
Coitus
Abstinence in 1st 1.5 months.
With caution next 1.5 months.
21. Advice after normal delivery (Cont..)
Birth Spacing
• For at least 2 years
Breastfeeding
• Exclusive breastfeeding for 1st 6 months.
• Extra notorious food in addition to
breastfeeding.(weaning ) from month till 2 years.
Immunization
– Immunization of the baby properly as early as
possible.
Sunlight exposure of the body
– By covering the mouth & genetalia.
If any symptoms of jaundice appear, please contact
with a pediatrician
22. Advice after cesearian section delivery
(All above Advices in addition to the followings)
• Should not bear heavy weights for at least 6 months.
• Should wear abdominal binders for at least 2-3 months.
Coitus
–Abstinence in 1st 3 months.
–With caution in next 3 months.
• Advices regarding family planning & sterilization during
purperium.
• Sometimes vasectomy is done during cesearian sectionin if
family is complete or in case of multigravida after proper
consent.
If family is not complete or in case of NVD. Patient is
advised & encouraged for permanent sterilization
( tubectomy/vasectomy ) after second baby.