The document discusses breastfeeding and its importance. Some key points include:
- Globally, only 38% of babies are exclusively breastfed for the first 6 months according to WHO. In India, around 40-46% of mothers breastfeed within an hour of birth and exclusively for 6 months.
- Exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months provides optimal nutrition and protection from infections for infants. Breast milk contains the right nutrients in the right proportion for a baby's growth and development.
- Proper attachment and positioning of the baby at the breast is important for effective suckling and breastfeeding. Factors like frequent feeding, rooming-in help establish and maintain breastfeeding.
- Expressing and
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Brief description of urine Testing procedure includes
Definition
Purpose
Articles required
Steps of testing of urine test for sugar and albumin
Findings
Termination
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Brief description of urine Testing procedure includes
Definition
Purpose
Articles required
Steps of testing of urine test for sugar and albumin
Findings
Termination
This slides contain detailed description of radiant warmer used in hospital setting, various modes , alarms, do's and don't of radiant warmer and nursing care management for the baby under radiant warmer
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.
This slides contain detailed description of radiant warmer used in hospital setting, various modes , alarms, do's and don't of radiant warmer and nursing care management for the baby under radiant warmer
Immediate care involves: Drying the baby with warm towels or cloths, while being placed on the mother's abdomen or in her arms. This mother-child skin-to-skin contact is important to maintain the baby's temperature, encourage bonding and expose the baby to the mother's skin bacteria
This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.
Lactation management is the science and art of assisting women and infants with breastfeeding, because the mother-infant pair is dynamically interrelated for breastfeeding, it is imperative to consider both individuals when attempting to assess and “manage” breastfeeding.
PHYSIOTHERAPY IN LACTATION & BREASTFEEDING.pptxRizwana303458
Globally every 1 in 5 women tend to withdraw breastfeeding due to lack of support and so 595379 childhood deaths(6 to 59 months) from diarrhoea and pneumonia due to not breastfeeding. Pelvic floor physical therapist/women's health therapist plays a major role of support in breastfeeding journey and thus prevent the infant mortality.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, because the areola can be too hard to grasp. A woman also may have difficulty breastfeeding her infant, because her breasts feel so tender
3-prevent or Relieve Engorgement:a common suggestion is to empty the breasts of milk by having the infant suck more often, or at least continue to suck as much as before.skin may appear red, tendernese, and shiny. This is primary engorgement, caused by vascular and lymphatic congestion arising from an increase in the blood and lymph supply to the breasts. Infants have difficulty sucking on engorged breasts, bec
Gastrointestinal. Assessment will include inspection, auscultation, and light palpation of the abdomen to identify visible abnormalities; bowel sounds and softness/tenderness. Ensure stomach is not full at time of assessment as this may induce vomiting.
First Aid In Dislocation or muscles injury.pptxSachinDwivedi57
A dislocation is a separation of two bones where they meet at a joint. This injury can be very painful and can temporarily deform and immobilize the joint. The most common locations for a dislocation are shoulders and fingers, but can also occur in elbows, knees and hips.
ethical and cultural issues is a problem for child and nurse,ethical challenge is affect the nursing care of the child ,it impact the child health ,and development ,it may lead to the dangerous problems of the child .
congenital health problems in children is very serios problem in children ,it is major cause of mortality in children .it can prevented by proper care of mothers during pregnancy .
school health services are scheme for children ,to providing the preventive ,promotive ,curative care of school going children . for reducing work load of hospital
it is bleeding disorder of upper respiratory tract , it can cause by the weather change ,nose crusting etc . if minor bleeding have to manage at home ,and sever we can manage in hospital .
play is important for the children ,it is helpful for the development child physical ,mental ,and social,through the play child can learn color, numbers , shape to thing .
congenital heart disease is a heart defect, it is caused by the exposure of teracogenic substances during pregnancy ,it may lead to the congenital defect .
Management of challenged children Mentally, Physically, & Socially challenged...SachinDwivedi57
Mental health is a important aspect of ,child development if child is mentally chanlllenged,so that ,you have have to manage and handle appropriately., it can help full for child quality of life and ,survival also .
if normal newborn is born ,so we can develop healthy nation and develop the healthy nation ,normal newborn parameters,so it can help the identification of newborn problems.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
3. Globally about 38% of babies are just
breastfed during their first 6 months of life.
Malnutrition is responsible for 1/3 of death
and above 2/3 of death often associated
with inappropriate feeding practice.
Unicef provided a statistical data, In
India(2012) about 40.5% mothers initiate
early breastfeeding and 46.4% babies are
breastfed during their 6 months of life.
In infancy, no gift is more precious than
breastfeeding.
4. All healthy infants should be breastfed
exclusively for the first six months of life
Exclusive breastfeeding is defined as "an
infant's consumption of human milk with no
supplementation of any type (no water, no
juice, no nonhuman milk, and no foods)
except for vitamins, minerals, and
medications."
5. Breast milk contain all the nutrients in the
right proportion.
Breast milk and human colostrum are made
for babies and is the best first food.
Easily digested and well absorbed
Contains essential amino acids
Rich in essential fatty acids
6. Prevents under five child
deaths
Protects against infections
Prevents allergies
Better intelligence
Promotes emotional
bonding
Less heart disease, diabetes
and lymphoma
7. Helps in involution of uterus.
It promotes close physical and
emotional bondage with baby.
Delays pregnancy
Decreases mother’s workload, saves time
and energy
Lowers risk of breast and ovarian cancer
Helps reduce weight faster
8. Contributes to child survival
Saves money, time and energy.
Promotes family planning
Environment friendly
Community expenditure on health care
contraception are reduced.
10. Hormonal secretions in the mother
◦ Prolactin helps in production of milk
◦ Oxytocin causes ejection of milk
Reflexes in the baby – rooting, sucking &
swallowing
11. Enhancing factors Hindering
factors
Emptying
of breast
Good attachment
& effective suckling
Early initiation
of breastfeeds
Frequent feeds
including night
feeds
Delay in initiation
of breastfeeds,
Pre-lacteal feeds,
Bottle feeding,
Incorrect positioning,
Painful breast
Sensory impulse
from nipple
Prolactin in
blood
12. Baby sucking
Sensory impulse from
nipple to brain
Oxytocin contracts
myoepithelial cells
Oxytocin “milk ejection” reflex
13. •Thinks lovingly of baby
•Sound of the baby
•Sight of the baby
•Confidence
•Worry
•Stress
•Pain
•Doubt
Stimulated by Inhibited by
15. Preparation must begins in the antenatal
period.
In this period , breast examination and
identification of problems like retracted
nipple, should be done with necessary advice
for intervention.
16. Educate about prevention of micronutrients
deficiency, proper rest, regular exercise and
hygienic measures.
Mother should psychologically prepare to fed
her baby immediate after birth.
17. Breastfeeding should initiated first
half an hours to one hours of birth
or as soon as possible.
“Colostrum” the baby’s first
immunization.
Mothers should demonstrated about
the techniques of breast feeding.
Rooming-in or bedding-in should be
done with infant and mother
In case of preterm babies, they
should fed with expressed breast
milk.
18. COLOSTRUM- it is secreted during first 3 days after
delivery.it contain more antibodies and high
protein.
TRANSITIONAL MILK-it follow colostrum and
secretes during first two weeks in postnatal period.
It has increased sugar and fat content.
MATURE MILK-it is secreted usually from10-12
days after delivery.
19. PRETERM MILK- the breast milk secreted by
mothers who has deliver a preterm baby. This milk
contain protein, sodium, iron etc.
FORE MILK- it is secreted at the starting of the
regular breastfeeding. It is more watery to satisfy
the baby’s thirst.
HIND MILK-it is secreted towards the end of
regular breastfeeding and contain more fat and
energy.
20. A willing and motivated mother
An active and sucking newborn
A motivator who can bring both mother and
newborn together (health professional or
relative)
21. Mother:
Make the mother sit in a comfortable and convenient
position (she can feed in lying down position)
Ensure that she is relaxed and comfortable
Baby:
Baby’s head and body are in a straight line
Baby’s whole body is supported
Baby’s face is opposite the nipple and the breast
Baby’s abdomen touches mother’s abdomen
22.
23. 1. Baby’s mouth is wide open
2. Baby’s chin touches the breast
3. Baby’s lower lip is curled outward
4. Usually the lower portion of the areola is
not visible
Key points of good attachment
24. Good attachment
baby’s mouth is wide open
lower lip is curled outward
lower portion
of the areola is
not visible
chin touches
the breast
29. For an infant who shows signs of good
attachment, the next step would be to
assess suckling:
If the infant takes several slow deep sucks
followed by swallowing and then pauses,
then he/she is sucking effectively
30. Treatment should
begin after birth
Manually stretch and roll
the nipple between the
thumb and finger several
times a day
Teach the mother to
grasp the breast tissue so
that areola forms a teat,
and allows the baby to
feed
Syringe suction method
31. Inverted nipple: treatment by syringe method
STEP 1
STEP 3
STEP 2
Cut along this
line with blade
Mother gently pulls
the plunger
Insert the plunger
from cut end
Use 10 or 20cc syringe
Before feeds 5-8 times a day
STEP 4 Press at the edge and
allow air to enter before
removing the syringe
32. Look for a cause:
◦ Check the baby’s attachment
at the breast
◦ Check the baby’s position if
attachment is poor
◦ Examine the breasts –
engorgement, fissures,
candida
◦ Ask if mother washes the
breasts after each feed
(frequent washing leads to
sore nipple)
◦ If the problem persists,
check the baby’s oral cavity
for candida
33. Give appropriate treatment:
◦ Build mother’s
confidence
◦ Improve the baby’s
attachment and
continue breastfeeding
◦ Reduce engorgement,
feed frequently, express
breast milk
◦ Treat candida
Advise the mother to:
◦ Wash breasts only
once a day; avoid
using soap
◦ Avoid medicated
lotions and ointments
◦ Gently apply hind milk
onto nipple and areola
after each feed
34. Causes
Delayed and infrequent
breastfeeds
Incorrect latching of the baby
Treatment
Give analgesics to relieve pain
Apply warm packs locally
Gently express milk prior to feed
Put the baby frequently to the
breast
36. Full breasts:
◦ 36/72 hours after
birth.
◦ Hot, heavy, may be
hard
◦ Milk flowing
◦ Fever uncommon
Engorged breasts:
◦ can occur at any time
during breastfeeding
◦ Painful; oedematous
◦ Tight, especially nipple
area
◦ Shiny
◦ May look red
◦ Milk NOT flowing
◦ Fever may occur
◦ May cause a decrease in
milk supply if it happens
often
Full vs. engorged breasts
37. Not breastfeeding often enough
Too short or hurried breastfeeding
Night feeds stopped early
Poor suckling position
Poor oxytocin reflex (anxiety, lack of
confidence)
Engorgement or mastitis
38. Put baby to breast frequently
Baby to be correctly attached to breast
Build mother’s confidence
Back massage and relaxation can help
Adequate weight gain and urine frequency 5-6 times
a day are reliable signs of enough milk intake
39. Breastfeeding is considered adequate by
following -
◦ Audible swallowing sound during the feed.
◦ Let down sensation in mother’s breast.
◦ Breast is full before feed and softer afterward.
◦ Goes to sleep for 2-3 hours after each feed
◦ Passes urine 6-8 times in 24 hours
◦ Gains weight at 15-30 gram/kg/day
◦ Do not cry frequently.
40. Indications
◦ Sick mother, local breast problems
◦ Preterm / sick baby
◦ Working mother
Storage
◦ Clean wide-mouthed container with tight lid
◦ At room temperature: 6 hrs
◦ Refrigerator: 24 hours; Freezer (20°C): for 3
months
41. EXPRESSING
BREAST MILK
Place a clean container below your breast to
collect m ilk
Massage the breasts gently
tow ard the nipples
W ash your hands w ell w ith soap and
w ater
Now press back tow ard your chest, then gently squeeze to
release m ilk
Place your thum b and index finger opposite each other just
outside the dark circle around the nipple
Repeat step 5 at different positions around the
areola
EXPRESSING
BREAST MILK
Place a clean container below your breast to
collect m ilk
Place a clean container below your breast to
collect m ilk
Massage the breasts gently
tow ard the nipples
Massage the breasts gently
tow ard the nipples
W ash your hands w ell w ith soap and
w ater
W ash your hands w ell w ith soap and
w ater
W ash your hands w ell w ith soap and
w ater
Now press back tow ard your chest, then gently squeeze to
release m ilk
Now press back tow ard your chest, then gently squeeze to
release m ilk
Now press back tow ard your chest, then gently squeeze to
release m ilk
Place your thum b and index finger opposite each other just
outside the dark circle around the nipple
Place your thum b and index finger opposite each other just
outside the dark circle around the nipple
Repeat step 5 at different positions around the
areola
Repeat step 5 at different positions around the
areola
42. Every facility providing maternity services and care
for newborn infants should
1. Have a written breastfeeding policy that is
routinely communicated to all health care staff
2. Train all health care staff in skills necessary to
implement this policy
3. Inform all pregnant women about the benefits
and management of breastfeeding
43. 4. Help mothers initiate breastfeeding within
half hour of birth
5. Show mothers how to breastfeed, and how
to maintain lactation even if they are
separated from their infants
6. Give no food or drink, unless medically
indicated
7. Practice rooming-in : allow mothers and
infants to remain together 24 hrs a day
44. 8. Encourage breastfeeding on demand
9. Give no artificial teats or pacifiers (also
called dummies or soothers) to
breastfeeding infants
10. Foster the establishment of
breastfeeding support groups and refer
mothers to them on discharge from the
hospital.
Ten steps to successful breastfeeding
(cont.….)
45. 1. How many calories should a lactating
woman increase above her non-pregnant
baseline calorie consumption?
48. Breastfeeding is desirable and achievable.
Professional help and community support
are available.
Breastfeeding should be comfortable.
Breastfeeding promotes close physical and
emotional bondage with baby
Exclusive breastfeeding is important.
In infancy, no gift is more precious than
breastfeeding
