Antenatal care involves systematic supervision of a pregnant woman from conception until delivery. It aims to ensure a healthy pregnancy and delivery of a healthy baby by screening for risks, preventing/treating complications, educating the mother, and providing ongoing medical supervision. Key aspects of antenatal care include regular checkups, history taking, physical examinations, investigations, health advice, and monitoring the health of the mother and fetus throughout pregnancy. Preconceptional care aims to optimize a woman's health before pregnancy to ensure a safe pregnancy.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
This topic contains detailed description about labour, its definition, date of onset of labour, calculations of date of delivery, causes of onset of labour, physiology of normal labour, and events, clinical course and management of each stages of labour.
This topic contains detailed description regarding Normal puerperium, it's definition, duration, phases, involution of uterus and other pelvic organs, lochia, general physiological changes of puerperium, lactation, management of normal puerperium, management of ailments and postnatal care.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Best Ever Guide Shared by Rosa Belinda Sanchez About Importance of Antenatal ...Rosa Belinda Sanchez
Rosa Belinda Sanchez Shared a detailed presentation on importance of antenatal care. This will defiantly help you. If you have any other queries related antenatal care do share in comment section. Find Rosa Belinda Sanchez at https://www.crunchbase.com/organization/rosa-belinda-sanchez-mother-children-care-specialists
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
Lactation management is the science and art of assisting women and infants with breastfeeding, because the mother-infant pair is dynamically interrelated for breastfeeding, it is imperative to consider both individuals when attempting to assess and “manage” breastfeeding.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
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Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
2. DEFINITION OF ANTENATAL
CARE
Systemic supervision (examination and
advice ) of a woman during pregnancy is called
Antenatal care / prenatal care.
D.C.DUTTA
Antenatal care refers to the care given to an
expectant mother from the time of conception
until the beginning of labour.
3. AIMS
• To screen the high risk cases
• To prevent or detect or treat at the any earliest
complication
• To ensure continued medical surveillance and
prophylaxis
• To educate the mother about the physiology of
pregnancy and labour by demonstrations, charts and
diagrams so that fear is removed and psychology is
improved.
4. AIMS (CONT’D)
• To discuss with the couple about the place, time and
mode of the delivery, provisionally and care of the
newborn
• To motivate the couple about the need of family
planning
• To advice the mother about breast-feeding, post-
natal care and immunization
5. OBJECTIVES
To ensure a normal pregnancy with
delivery of a healthy baby from a
healthy mother
7. THE FIRST VISIT
Objectives :
• To assess the health status of the
mother and fetus to screen out the
risk pregnancy and formulate the plan
subsequent management.
•To obtain baseline information.
9. HISTORY TAKING
1. Particulars of the patient
2. Chief complaints with duration
3. Past history
4. Obstetric history
5. Menstrual history
6. Family history
7. Personal history
8. Socio-economic history
10. PARTICULARS OF THE PATIENT
1.Name
2.Age
3.Gravida and parity
4.Address
5.Date of first Examination
11. CHIEF COMPLAINTS WITH
DURATION
1. Period of amenorrhea
2. Nausea & vomiting, vertigo
3. Increased frequency of micturition
4. Constipation
5. Heaviness of breast
6. Rise of temperature
7. Edema
8. Pain in the abdomen
9. Backache
10. Vaginal bleeding
13. OBSTETRICAL HISTORY
• Duration of marriage
• Gravida
• Para
• No. of living children
• Health status of the babies
• Previous obstetrical history-antenatal and
intra-natal
20. GENERAL EXAMINATION
• Appearance
• Vital signs
• Height of patient
• Weight of patient
• Anemia
• Jaundice
• Edema
• Neck
• Tongue ,teeth , gums
• Breast
• Abdomen
21. INVESTIGATION
• CBC
• Blood grouping & Rh typing
• Urine R/E
• RBS
• VDRL
• HBS Ag
• Maternal serum alpha protein
• Serological for rubella and hepatitis
• Ultrasound
22. SUBSEQUENT VISIT
SCHEDULE
Generally-
•At interval of 4 weeks up to 28 weeks
•At interval of 2 weeks up to 36 weeks
•At weekly interval up to EDD
As per WHO recommendation at least 4 visit-
•1st
visit around 16 weeks
•2nd
visit between 24-28 weeks
•3rd
visit at 32 weeks
•4th
visit at 36 weeks
23. OBJECTIVES OF
SUBSEQUENT VISIT
• To assess fetal well being
• To assess lie , presentation , position
• To assess anaemia , pre eclampsia ,amniotic fluid
volume ,fetal growth .
• To organise specialist antenatal clinics with
cardia disease and diabetes .
• To select time for ultra sound for
amniocentesis ,chronic villus sampling when
indicated.
24. IN SUBSEQUENT VISIT
• General examination-
• weight, BP ,Pallor ,edemas.
• Patient complaints
• Fetal movements and date of quickening
• Gestational age to be calculated
• Health education
• Prophylaxis & treatment of anemia
• Developing individualized birth plan
• Abdominal examination
29. ANTENATAL ADVICE-
PRINCIPLES
Principles:
1.To impress the patient about the importance of
regular check up
2.To maintain or improve the health status of the
woman to the optimum till delivery by judicious
advice regarding diet, drugs and hygiene
3.To improve and tone up the psychology and to
remove the fear of pregnancy by talking
sympathetically to the patient and explaining the
principle changes and events likely to occur during
pregnancy
30. ANTENATAL ADVICE
• Diet
• Rest & sleep
• Bowel
• Personal cleanliness
• Clothing, shoes & belt
• Dental care
• Care of breast
• Coitus
• Travelling
• Smoking and alcohol
• Immunization
• Drug
32. DDA OF A WOMAN DURING
PREGNANCY (2ND
HALF)
Food element pregnancy
Kilocalories 2500
Protein 60 gm.
Iron 40 mg
Folic acid 400 µg
Calcium 1000 mg
Vitamin A 6000 I.U.
33. REST AND SLEEP
• 8 hour sleep at night
• At least 2 hour sleep after mid-day
meal
• Hard strenuous work should be
avoided in first trimester and last 4
weeks
34. BOWEL
• Regular bowel movement may be facilitated by
regulation of diet, taking plenty fluid, vegetable and
milk
Coitus
Should be avoided in
•1st
trimester
•last 6 weeks
35. BATHING
• The woman should take bath
daily but be careful against
slipping in bathroom due to
imbalance
36. CLOTHING ,SHOES, BELT
• Woman should wear loose
comfortable garments. High heel
shoes should better be avoided in
advanced pregnancy when the centre
of balance alters.
37. DENTAL CARE
• The dentist should be consulted at the
earliest if necessary this will facilitate
extraction or filling of the caries tooth ,if
required comfortably in 2 nd trimester the
best time for such procedure.
38. CARE OF BREAST
• If the nipples are anatomically normal
nothing is to be done beyond ordinary
cleanliness. If the nipples are retracted
,correction is to be done in the later
months by manipulation.
39. TRAVELLING
Should be avoided in
•1st
trimester
•last 6 weeks
Air travelling is contraindicated in
•Placenta praevia
•Preeclampsia
•Severe anemia
40. SMOKING AND
ALCOHOLISM
• Smoking and alcohol are injuries to health
during pregnancy.
• Heavy smokers have low birth weight
babies and abortion
• Alcohol during pregnancy leads to fetal
growth retardation
42. DRUGS
• Most of the drugs
cross the placenta to
reach the fetus while
prescribing the
physician should keep
in mind
43. PRECONCEPTIONAL CARE
Preconceptional care is the one
step ahead of antenatal care.
When a couple is seen and
counseled about pregnancy, its
course and outcome before the
time of actual conception, is
called Preconceptional care.
Objective: to ensure that, a
woman enters pregnancy with
an optimal state of health which
would be safe both to herself
and the fetus.
44. PRECONCEPTIONAL CARE
INCLUDES:
Identification of high risk factor
Basal level health status including BP recording
Rubella & Hepatitis immunization
Folic acid supplementation
Maternal health is optimized preconceptionally such as
overweight anemia
Patient with medical disease like hypertension,
diabetes are stabilized in an optimal state by
intervention
45. PRECONCEPTIONAL CARE INCLUDES:
(CONT’D)
Drugs used before pregnancy are verified and
changed if required to prevent any adverse effect of
the fetus; e.g., warfarin is replaced with heparin, oral
anti-diabetic drug with insulin
Advise to stop smoking, alcohol and drug abuse
Proper counseling to those with history of recurrent
fetal loss or family history of congenital
abnormalities
Counseling regarding health care cost
Find out supporting or helping people to help the
mother and care of the new born
