When it comes to good positions to use while breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost concern. Finding a position that you are most comfortable and happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on to your breasts and feed with ease. Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Preparation for delivery of mother, baby and midwife and equipmentsDR MUKESH SAH
In addition to their delivery bags, midwives “carry” many other invaluable tools ... family planning, delivery preparation, postnatal counseling and breastfeeding. ... With this equipment, we can recover 80% of newborns. ... “Midwifery feels good when both the mother and baby come out of the labor ward alive.
This slides contain description about breast feeding, anatomy of breast, types of human milk, good position for latching, holding for the baby, advantages of breast feeding, contraindication of breast feeding, barriers and problems associated with breast feeding with their management
Preparation for delivery of mother, baby and midwife and equipmentsDR MUKESH SAH
In addition to their delivery bags, midwives “carry” many other invaluable tools ... family planning, delivery preparation, postnatal counseling and breastfeeding. ... With this equipment, we can recover 80% of newborns. ... “Midwifery feels good when both the mother and baby come out of the labor ward alive.
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Notes on nutritional needs of children & infantsBabitha Devu
There are various methods of feeding a child. Like breastfeeding, weaning & artificial feeding.
All the types of feeding which help to fulfill the nutritional need of a child as per the increase in age are elaborated in this presentation.
This presentation is related with the contents regarding breast feeding. It includes complete information about breast feeding including different pictures and beautifully designed.
Congratulations! Your New Baby Is Here! It seems like you've been waiting for this moment forever. Then, suddenly it’s here. You may feel as though you've forgotten everything you've read or learned and aren't sure what to do with yourself right now! Relax. You’ll get plenty of helpful advice from your pediatrician, family, and friends. You can also refer to this new parent guide that covers some of the basics about caring for your newborn in the first 10 days. Take it one step at a time. Just do what comes naturally and enjoy every one of these blissful first days with your newborn.
From day one, children are eager and determined to understand how the world works. They do this through play, using all the “tools” they have at their disposal.
Watch your child at play, and you will see the kind of concentration, passion, and creative excitement that artists and scientists bring to their projects
Massaging your baby is beneficial on many levels including relaxing your baby, helping to reduce crying while improving the immune system, and strengthening the growing bond between you. Learn how to massage Your baby for health and happiness.
Your Baby - Care Guide to SUN PROTECTIONNappytimes
When the sun rays are the harshest, they can burn your baby's skin badly. Read on to know such more facts about baby sun protection and tips to protect your baby's skin.
Here are some steps you can take that can help significantly reduce the occurrence as well as tips that can help prevent your baby from developing diaper rash.
Massage can enhance parent - baby communication even at this early stage of development and can also help the father feel more involved in pregnancy. There are many different strokes you can do to help mum through pregnancy.
Bath - time is not just about the critical cleansing and caring of your baby's delicate skin. Babies love bath-time, and it offers unique ways for laughter to blossom between you and your little one.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
2. Breastfeeding
When it comes to good positions to use while
breastfeeding, your comfort as well as the ease with which
your baby will be able to feed is the first and foremost
concern.
Finding a position that you are most comfortable and
happy with will make it easier for your baby to latch on
to your breasts and feed with ease.
Here are some of the best breast-feeding positions
that you might use when you are breastfeeding.
3. Introduction
• Breastfeeding is the optimal source of nutrition. The Human Milk is specie
specific and it provides all the essential nutrients necessary for the growth
and development of the newborn infant.
• The AAP, AAFP and WHO recommend exclusive breastfeeding for the first
six months of life , and continuous breastfeeding for at least 12 months of
life.
• The Target of USDHHS “Healthy People 2010” initiative is to achieve
breastfeeding at birth of 75%, 50% at 6 month and 25% at 12 months of
life.
• 2008 data published by the CDC shows that 77% of initiate breastfeeding
at birth. Only about 30% of women continue with breastfeeding of the
infant to 6months of age.
6. Structure of the Human Breast
• The Human breast are modified sweat glands responsible for lactation
(milk production).
• The breast contains adipose tissue and fibrous connective tissue.
• Different hormones are responsible for the development of the breast and
changes that occur during pregnancy.
• The major hormones affecting breast development and enlargement are
estrogen, progesterone and prolactin.
• Each breast contains about 20 lobes, each lobes contains several lobules
which at the end have alveolar in which milk is produced.
• Milk production and secretion are responsive to two major hormones –
prolactin and oxytocin; and the sucking reflex.
• After production of milk in the alveolus, the milk moves through the ducts
and are stored in the lactiferous sinus. When the
8. Suckling Hormonal Reflex Arc (Cont’d)
• The sucking reflex arc is a hormonal positive feedback mechanism.
• The sucking of the breast by the infant stimulates the nipple; this sends
messages to the spinal cord and subsequently to the brain.
• Prolactin is released from the anterior pituitary for milk production and
oxytocin from the posterior pituitary for the milk let down.
• Prolactin receptors are established within the first eight days of delivery.
• Suckling at breast increases prolactin levels, so at each feeding, levels rise,
hence more milk production.
9. Types and Composition of Human
Breast Milk
• Types of Breast Milk:
1. Colostrum or Early Milk
2. Transitional Milk
3. Mature Milk
• Colostrum or Early Milk is produced in the late stage of pregnancy
till 4 days after delivery; and is rich in antibodies.
• Transitional Milk produced from day 4 –10 is lower in protein in
comparison to Colostrum.
• Mature milk is produced from approximately ten days after delivery
up until the termination of the breastfeeding.
10. Types and Composition of Human
Breast Milk (Cont’d)
• Fat -The main lipids found in human milk are the triglycerides
phospholipids and essential fatty acids.
• Protein –Whey ; lactoferrin, lysozymes, immunoglobulin , A-
lactalbumin, Casein; lower concentration in human milk.
• Carbohydrate –Include lactose and oligosaccharides.
• Leukocytes -Include neutrophils, marcrophages , lymphocytes.
• Non protein nitrogen –urea, uric acid.
• Other constituents: steroid hormones, peptides, insulins, growth
factors, minerals, vitamins, lipase.
11. Storage of Breast Milk
• Human milk can be stored at room temperature for 6-8 hours.
• Expressed milk can be stored in an insulated cooler bag with icepacks for
24hours.
• Breast milk can be stored in the refrigerator for about 5 days at about
40°F.
• It can also be kept in a freezer compartment of a fridge for up to two
weeks at 0 -5°F
• It can be stored in a deep freezer for about 3-12 months .
• Breast milk should be stored in BPA (Bisphenol A) free containers.
12. Achieving Optimal Breastfeeding
• Activities, attitudes and procedures during the delivery and
post partum period have an impact on breastfeeding .
• There is well documented evidence that skin to skin contact
between infant and mother helps to maintain the body
temperatures, reduce risk of hypoglycemia, enhance oxytocin
release and beneficial nutrition with intake of colostrum .
• Skin to skin contact should occur for about 1-2 hours after
delivery. Procedures after delivery like weighing,
administration of vitamin K, eye prophylaxis and other
procedures should be delayed.
13. Achieving Optimal Breastfeeding
(Cont’d)
• Breastfeeding should be started and fully established before discharge from
the hospital
• Physicians and health care professionals should observe at least one feeding
and ensure this is done properly and breast milk is produced.
• Lactation specialist should also work with parents that are having difficulty
with breast feeding.
• Early follow up after leaving the hospital is required.
14. Signs of Effective Breastfeeding
• Frequent feedings 8-12 times daily.
• Intermittent episodes of rhythmic sucking with audible swallows should be
heard while the infant is nursing.
• Infant should have about 6-8 wet diapers in a 24 hour period once breast
feeding is established.
• Infant should have minimum of 3-4 bowel movements every 24 hours.
• Stools should be about one tablespoon or larger and should be soft and
yellow after day 3.
• Average daily weight gain of 15 -30g.
• Infant has regained birth weight by day 10 of life.
15. Good Breastfeeding Techniques
• The baby should be properly positioned to achieve effective latching.
• The mother should wear comfortable apparel, with the breast well exposed for the
infant to be able to latch.
• The infant’s mouth, chin and umbilicus should be lined up with the head in a neutral
position.
• The infant is brought to the breast, with the nose touching or close to the breast.
• The gum line should overlap the areola, and the nipple straight back into the mouth.
• The tongue moves forward beyond the lower gum, cupped and forming a reservoir.
• Milk is removed for the lactiferous sinuses, the jaw moves down creating a negative
pressure gradient that helped transfer milk to the pharynx.
17. Breastfeeding Positions
Cradle Hold
• This is the most common position
used by mothers.
• Infant’s head is supported in the elbow,
the back and buttock is supported by the arm
and lifted to the breast.
18. Breastfeeding Positions
Football Hold Position
• The infant’s is placed under the arm, like
holding a football.
• Baby’s body is supported with the forearm
and the head is supported with the hand.
• Many mothers are not comfortable with this
position.
• Good position after operative procedures.
19. Breastfeeding Positions
Side Lying Position
• The mother lies on her side propping up her
head and shoulder with pillows.
• The infant is also lying down facing the
mother.
• Good position after Caesarean section.
• Allows the new mother some rest.
• Most mothers are scared of crushing the baby.
20. Breastfeeding Positions
Cross Cradle Hold Position
• Ideal for early breastfeeding.
• Mother holds the baby crosswise in the
crook of the arm opposite the breast
the infant is to be fed.
• The baby's trunk and head are supported
with the forearm and palm.
• The other hand is placed beneath
the breast in a U-shaped to guide the
baby's mouth to your breast.
21. Breastfeeding Positions
Australian Hold Position
• This is also called the saddle hold.
• Usually used for older infants.
• Not commonly used by mothers.
• Best used in older infants with runny
nose, ear infection.
22. Benefits of Breastfeeding to
Infants
• Helps in Gastrointestinal development and function.
• Helps in development of the immune system.
• Helps in cognitive development of the infant.
• Infants who are breastfed have reduced risk of infection compared to
formula fed infants.
• Breastfed infants have reduced risk of obesity later in life compared to
formula fed infants.
• Reduced risk of sudden infant death syndrome, Hodgkin's lymphoma,
Leukemia and Type 1 Diabetes.
• Lower risk of infections e.g. otitis media, Lower respiratory tract infection,
Diarrheal diseases, Allergies , eczema, Meningitis and inflammatory bowel
diseases.
23. Benefits of Breastfeeding to
Mothers
• Enhance early maternal –infant bond.
• Aids involution of the uterus.
• Long term breastfeeding helps in loss of the excess weight acquired during
pregnancy.
• Prolonged Breastfeeding prolongs anovulation.
• Documented long term effect of breastfeeding include reduced risk of
breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers.
24. Supplements that increase
lactation
Herbal dietary supplement
- Fennel fruit
- Aniseed fruit
- Coriander fruit
- Fenugreek seed
- Blessed thistle herb
- Not FDA approved.
25. Socio-economic Benefits of
Breastfeeding
• Income savings –average of $1000 -$1200 per infant per year.
• Reduced risk of infections and diseases hence reduced hospital visits and
attendant medical cost.
• Mothers are more economically productive since they will spend less time
caring for a sick child.
26. Barriers To Effective Breastfeeding
• Lack of confidence in mother.
• Belief that breast milk is not sufficient.
• Lack of adequate support system.
• History of previous breast surgery.
• Breast engorgement, cracked and sore nipples.
• Retractile nipples.
• Embarrassment by mother
• Jealousy by Partner and siblings
• Chronic illness in mother; psychosis, Cancer.
27. Contraindication to Breastfeeding
• HIV , HLTV 1 & 11 infections.
• Active Tuberculosis.
• Herpes lesions on mother’s breast.
• Infant with Inborn error of metabolism; galactosemia, phenylketonuria.
• Mothers on certain medications ; anticancer therapy, radioactive isotope
etc.
28. Reason for Supplementation
• Birth weight < 1500 g or GA < 32 weeks.
• Severe hypoglycemia.
• Acute water loss.
• Hyperbilirubinemia related to poor intake.
• Delayed bowel movement or dark stools at day 5.
• Delayed milk production.
• Weight loss >8% of birth weight.
29. Role of the Family Physician
• Provide education about breastfeeding at first prenatal visit.
• Physical exam should include breast exam.
• Ensure rooming-in after delivery.
• Ensure breastfeeding is started and established before discharge after
delivery.
• Observe at least a session of breastfeeding to ensure it is done correctly.
• Office should be breastfeeding friendly.
• Staff should be well trained and willing to answer questions mothers
might have.
• Prenatal package should have literatures and patient hand out that
outlines benefit of breastfeeding.
• Prenatal records should have a checklist that ensure all question are
addressed.
30. Conclusion
• Breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for a healthy term infant.
• AAP, AAFP and WHO recommends exclusive breastfeeding for the first six
month of life and for at least twelve month of life.
• Human milk is human specific and contains nutrients that are essential for
the proper growth and development of the newborn.
• Breast milk is beneficial to both infant and mother.
• Proper positioning on the breast helps ensure adequate latching on and
subsequently adequate breastfeeding.
• Breast milk can be stored away, and utilized later when needed.
• There are absolute contraindications to breastfeeding, these include HIV, 1
and 11 , HTLV 1 and 11, active TB and active herpes simplex lesions on the
breast.
• The family physician has a significant role in promoting breastfeeding.