The document provides information on postnatal care for mothers, including:
1. Postnatal care involves regular checkups and visits within the first 42 days after birth to monitor the health of the mother and newborn. The first 48 hours and first week are critical periods that carry the highest risk of complications.
2. Mothers should receive checkups on a schedule, with the first visit focusing on medical history, examination, counseling on hygiene, nutrition, breastfeeding and birth registration.
3. Subsequent visits continue monitoring for issues like bleeding, infection and mental health, while reinforcing counseling on diet, rest, contraception and breastfeeding. The postnatal period requires close support and care of both mother
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Introduction about postnatal care
Define postnatal care
Aims & objectives postnatal care
Important conditions we should enquire in postnatal care
Schedule of postnatal care
Postnatal exercise
Advice given to the mother during discharge postnatal care
Advice regarding family planning and sterilization during puerperium
Postnatal care (PNC) for the mother should respond to her special needs, starting within an hour after the delivery of the placenta and extending through the following six weeks. The care includes the prevention, early detection and treatment of complications, and the provision of counselling on breastfeeding, birth spacing, immunization and maternal nutrition. To standardise the PNC service, you are advised to use the screening, counselling and postnatal care cards. These cards ensure that you have covered all the essential steps in every home visit.
this ppt is beneficial for nursing and obstetric and gynaecology students.
Health education on Antenatal care include definition,aim, objectives, registration, antenatal check up, immunization, iron & folic acid, diet, bowel care, cleanliness, clothing, shoes, dental care, care of breast, sleep, exercise, coitus, travel, smoking & alcohol, family support & dangers signs during pregnancy.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Series of events that takes place in the genital organ in an effort to expel the viable products of conception out of the womb through the vagina into the outer world is called labour.
there are four stages of labour.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
postpartum period Is the period beginning immediately after the birth of a child and extending for about six weeks.
The World Health Organization (WHO) describes the postnatal period as the most critical and yet the most neglected phase in the lives of mothers and babies; most deaths occur during the postnatal period
It is the time after birth, a time in which the mother's body, including hormone levels and uterus size, returns to a non-pregnant state.
Postpartum Nursing Physical Assessment
Physical Assessment is necessary to identify individual needs or potential problems
Explain to pt purposes of the examination.
obtain her consent.
Record your findings and report results to the mother.
Avoid exposure to body fluids.
Teach pt as you assess – use every opportunity since there is limited time.
Obsterics and Gynaecology-
introduction-Preventive obstetrics is the concept of prevention or early detection of particular health deviations through routine periodic examinations and screening .
The concept of preventive obstetrics concerns with the concepts of the health & wellbeing of the mother her baby during the antenatal,intranatal & postnatal period.
The goal of the preventive obstetrics is the delivery of a healthy infant by a healthy mother at the end of a healthy pregnancy.
Pregnancy & child birth normal physiological
process that change from conception to
delivery.
Objectives
To promote , protect and maintain the health of the mother during pregnancy.
To detect “high risk” cases and give them special attention
To foresee complications and prevent them.
To remove anxiety and dread associated with delivery
ADMISSION OF A WOMAN IN LABOUR and It's management 2.pptchikondindalama42
This File Explain more about Admission of woman in Labor and it's Management, this is very useful in Labor Ward and other people who like reading information
Normal puerperium - Obstetrical and Gynecological NursingJaice Mary Joy
The word puerperium is originated from the Latin words ‘puer’ – child and ‘pams’ – bringing forth.
Also known as the post-partum, post-natal, or post-delivery period.
The mother during puerperium is termed as puerpera.
Defecation
Normal defecation begins with movement in the left colon, moving stool toward the anus. When stool reaches the rectum, the distention causes relaxation of the internal sphincter and an awareness of the need to defecate. At the time of defecation, the external sphincter relaxes, and abdominal muscles contract, increasing intrarectal pressure and forcing the stool out
The Valsalva maneuver exerts pressure to expel faeces through a voluntary contraction of the abdominal muscles while maintaining forced expiration against a closed airway. Patients with cardiovascular disease, glaucoma, increased intracranial pressure, or a new surgical wound are at greater risk for cardiac dysrhythmias and elevated blood pressure with the Valsalva maneuver and need to avoid straining to pass the stool.
Normal defecation is painless, resulting in passage of soft, formed stool
CONSTIPATION
Constipation is a symptom, not a disease. Improper diet, reduced fluid intake, lack of exercise, and certain medications can cause constipation. For example, patients receiving opiates for pain after surgery often require a stool softener or laxative to prevent constipation. The signs of constipation include infrequent bowel movements (less than every 3 days), difficulty passing stools, excessive straining, inability to defecate at will, and hard feaces
IMPACTION
Fecal impaction results from unrelieved constipation. It is a collection of hardened feces wedged in the rectum that a person cannot expel. In cases of severe impaction the mass extends up into the sigmoid colon.
DIARRHEA
Diarrhea is an increase in the number of stools and the passage of liquid, unformed feces. It is associated with disorders affecting digestion, absorption, and secretion in the GI tract. Intestinal contents pass through the small and large intestine too quickly to allow for the usual absorption of fluid and nutrients. Irritation within the colon results in increased mucus secretion. As a result, feces become watery, and the patient is unable to control the urge to defecate. Normally an anal bag is safe and effective in long-term treatment of patients with fecal incontinence at home, in hospice, or in the hospital. Fecal incontinence is expensive and a potentially dangerous condition in terms of contamination and risk of skin ulceration
HEMORRHOIDS
Hemorrhoids are dilated, engorged veins in the lining of the rectum. They are either external or internal.
FLATULENCE
As gas accumulates in the lumen of the intestines, the bowel wall stretches and distends (flatulence). It is a common cause of abdominal fullness, pain, and cramping. Normally intestinal gas escapes through the mouth (belching) or the anus (passing of flatus)
FECAL INCONTINENCE
Fecal incontinence is the inability to control passage of feces and gas from the anus. Incontinence harms a patient’s body image
PREPARATION AND GIVING OF LAXATIVESACCORDING TO POTTER AND PERRY,
An enema is the instillation of a solution into the rectum and sig
CRISPR-Cas9, a revolutionary gene-editing tool, holds immense potential to reshape medicine, agriculture, and our understanding of life. But like any powerful tool, it comes with ethical considerations.
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One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
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1. POSTNATAL CARE FOR MOTHERS
Presented by-
Rohit Tongariya
Principal
Anmtc, katihar
2. Learning Objectives
At the end of the session, the learner will be able to-
1.Describe postnatal care.
2.Describe activities under each postpartum visit.
3. Introduction-
• The first 42 days after birth is the post- natal period and is crucial for the
mother and the new born.
• First 48 hours, followed by the first one week are the most crucial period as-
most of the fatal and near-fatal maternal and neonatal complications occur
during this period.
• Evidence has shown that more than 60% of maternal deaths take place during
the post-partum period.
4. Number and timing of post-partum visits
Every pregnant woman and her newborn should be examined either
by CHO or MPWs as per the following schedule.
In case woman is unable to come to HWC, than MPW should visit the
mother for completing these examinations.
5.
6. First visit for mother
A. History-taking –
This is especially important if CHO were not present for the delivery. Review the events at labour
and birth to identify any risk factor or events during the birth that may be important in the
management of the mother and the baby.
Ask the following:
1. Where did the delivery take place?
2. Who conducted the delivery?
3. Is there a history of:
a. Complication during delivery
b. Bleeding(confirm number of pads should be less than 5/day)
c. Convulsions or loss of consciousness
d. Pain in thighs and abdomen
e. Dribbling or retention of urine
f. Any breast tenderness
4. Has the mother started breastfeeding the baby?
7. B. Examination
• Check the woman’s pulse, blood pressure, temperature and respiratory rate.
• Check for the presence of pallor
• Conduct an abdominal examination. Normally, the uterus will be well contracted, i.e. hard and
round. If it is soft and uterine tenderness is present, then refer the woman to the FRU.
• Examine the vulva and perineum for the presence of any tear, swelling or discharge of pus. If
any of these is present, refer the woman to the FRU.
• Examine the pad for bleeding to assess if the bleeding is heavy, and also see if the lochia is
healthy and does not smell foul (for puerperal sepsis). If these signs are present, refer the
woman to the FRU.
• Examine the breasts for any lumps or tenderness, check the condition of the nipples and
observe breastfeeding. If the woman has any complaints regarding the condition of her breasts,
refer her to the MOs at PHC/FRU.
8. C. Counselling during first visit
Give the woman and her family the following advice:
Post-partum care and hygiene-
• She should have someone near her for the first 24 hours to take care of her and the baby.
• She should wash the perineum daily and after passing stools.
• The sanitary pads must be changed every 4–6 hours or more frequently if there is heavy lochia.
This is essential to ensure that the woman does not contract any infection.
• Cloth pads should be washed with soap and water and dried in the sun. It is, however, preferable
to use sanitary pads, which can be thrown away.
• Bath daily
• Wash her hands before and after handling the baby, especially after cleaning and before feeding
the baby.
• Take enough rest and sleep
• Rooming in of the mother with the baby is advisable. Advise the mother on how to look after her
newborn, e.g. how to bathe the newborn, maintain warmth and exclusive breastfeeding.
9. Nutrition
She should increase her intake of food and fluids.
Advise her to refrain from observing taboos that exist in the community against nutritionally
healthy foods (e.g. the taboo against eating solid food for six days).Talk to the woman’s
family members, such as her husband and mother-in-law, to encourage them to ensure that
she eats enough and avoids heavy physical work.
Advice on regularly intake of IFA and Calcium tablets.
Contraception –
Advise the couple regarding the return of fertility.
Advise the couple on birth spacing or limiting the size of the family.
Advice the couple to abstain from sexual intercourse for about 6 week’s post-partum, or till
the perineal wounds heal.
10. Breastfeeding
• Ask the mother whether breastfeeding was initiated within one hour of the birth.
• If breastfeeding is still not initiated, ask reason for not initiating the breastfeeding
and then assist her in breastfeeding the baby immediately.
• Observe breastfeeding and check if there is good attachment and effective suckling.
• Advise her to feed the baby colostrum.
• She should breastfeed frequently, i.e. at least 6–8 times during the day and 2–3 times
during the night.
• She should not give water or any other liquid to the baby.
• Emphasize that breast milk is enough in quantity to satisfy the baby’s hunger and
that the baby does not even require water while on breastfeeds.
• She should breastfeed from both breasts during a feed. The baby should finish
emptying one breast to get the rich hind milk before starting on the second breast.
11. Registration of birth-
• Explain the importance of getting the birth of the baby registered with the
local panchayat.
• This is a legal document.
• The child will require the birth certificate for many purposes in the future, e.g.
school admission
12. Second and third visits for mother
A. History Taking –
1. Is there continued bleeding P/V? This, i.e. post-partum bleeding occurring
24 hours or more after delivery, is known as ‘delayed’ PPH. Refer to the
PHC/CHC/DH
2. Is there foul-smelling vaginal discharge? This could be indicative of
puerperal sepsis
3. Has there been any fever?
4. Are there a history of swelling (engorgement) and/or tenderness of the
breast/issues in breast feeding
5. Is there any pain or problem while passing urine (dribbling or leaking)? Is
there fatigue and is she ‘not feeling well’?
6. Does she feel unhappy or cry easily? This indicates post-partum
depression, and usually occurs 4–7 days after delivery. Assure her that
everything will be fine and refer her to the MO only if the problem persists.
7. Are there any other complaints?
13. B. Examination
• This is similar to the examination conducted during the first
visit.
• During 2nd and 3rd PNC visit for women who have undergone
c-section, an examination of post-caesarean section surgical site
for any signs of surgical site infection like fever, purulent (pus)
discharge in, or coming from the wound (including evidence of
an abscess) or any reopening of the surgical wound or painful,
spreading erythema surrounding the surgical site should be
noted and managed/referred accordingly.
14. C. Management/counselling-
Diet and rest-
• Inform the mother that during lactation, she needs to eat more than her normal
prepregnancy diet. This is because she needs to regain her strength during the
period of exclusive breastfeeding and also for her baby to derive its full nutritional
requirements from breast milk.
• She should be advised to take foods rich in calories, proteins, iron, vitamins and
other micro-nutrients (milk and milk products, such as curd and cottage cheese;
green leafy vegetables and other seasonal vegetables; pulses; eggs; meat, including
fish and poultry; groundnuts; ragi; jaggery; fruits, such as mango, guava, orange,
sweet lime and watermelon).
15. • The mother needs sufficient rest during the post-partum period; to be able to
regain her strength.
• Advise her to refrain from doing any heavy work during the post-partum
period, and to focus solely on looking after herself and her baby. Her family
members should also be advised to ensure this.
16. Contraception-
• Inform the mother that whenever her periods begin again and/or she stops
exclusive breastfeeding, she can conceive even after a single act of
unprotected sex.
• Check if the couple is using any contraceptive method and inform the couple
about the various choices of contraceptive methods available and help them
choose the method most suitable to them.