This document describes the fetal skull, its parts, bones, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters. It begins by introducing the fetal skull and its adaptation for birth. The objectives are to describe the regions, bones of the vault, sutures, fontanelles, and diameters of the fetal skull. It then proceeds to describe each of these parts in detail, including labeling diagrams. Key points are that the fetal skull has movable bones, sutures, and fontanelles that allow for molding during birth. The various diameters and circumference are also described as they relate to assessing labor progress and fetal position.
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
Puerperium is the period following childbirth during which the body tissues, specially the pelvic organs revert back approximately to the pre-pregnant state both anatomically and physiologically. puerperium begins as soon as the placenta is expelled and lasts for approximately 6 weeks when the uterus becomes regressed almost to the non-pregnant size.
It explains the mechanism of normal labour to medical and para-medical staff.It also puts light on principle movements underlying mechanism of normal labour with pictures.Thank You Like an share it to the maximum.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Fetal skull is important in obstetrical standpoint as cephalic presentataion is common and a competent midwife must have knowledge about it along with female pelvis.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. +
INTRODUCTION
The fetal head is large in relation to the fetal
body compared with the adult
Adaptation between the skull and the pelvis
is necessary to allow the head to pass
through the pelvis during labour without
complications
3. +
OBJECTIVE
Describe the regions of fetal skull
Describe the bones that make up the vault
of the fetal skull
Describe the sutures and fontanelles
Describe the various diameters of the fetal
skull and their significance
5. +
Comparison of a baby’s proportions to those of
an adult
The baby’s head is wider than the shoulders and
one-quarter of the total length
6. +
WHAT IS FETAL SKULL ?
The skull bones encase and protect the
brain
The fetal skull has 3 major parts and
- Vault of cranium ( Roof )
- Face
- Base ( Cranium )
8. +
VAULT
Is the large , dome shaped part above an
imaginary line drawn between the orbital
ridges and the nape of the neck
BASE
The base comprises bones that are firmly
united to protect the vital centres in the
medulla oblongata
9. +
FACE
Is composed of 14 small bones that are also
firmly united and non-compressible
10. +
THE BONES OF THE VAULT
2 frontal bone
2 parietal bone
1 occipital bone
2 temporal bone
11. +
2 FRONTAL BONE
Forms the forehead or sinciput
The ossification centre of each bone is the
frontal eminence
The frontal bones fuse into a single bone by
age 8 years of age.
12. +
2 PARIETAL BONE
Which lie on either side of the skull and
occupy most of the skull
The ossification centre of each of
these bones is called the parietal
eminence
13. +
1 OCCIPITAL
Which forms the back of the skull and part of
its base
Part of it contributes to the base of the skull
as it contains the foramen magnum, which
protects the spinal cord as it leaves the skull.
The ossification centre is the occipital
protuberance
14. +
2 TEMPORAL BONE
On both side of head
Forms part of the Vault
( Not significant in obstetrics )
16. +
SUTURES
Are spaces between the bones of the skull
Two or more sutures meet, a fontanelle
These sutures and fontanelle allow for
molding of the fetal head during labour
19. +
SUTURES
Lamdoidal suture
Located between the 2 parietal bones and the
occipital bone
Sagittal suture
Located between the parietal bones divides
the skull into left and right halves
20. +
FONTANELLE
A fontanelle is a space created by joining of
two or more suture
6 in number, 2 are of obstetric significance
1. Anterior fontanelle
2. Posterior fontanelle
24. +
REGION FETAL SKULL
Divided into 4 region :
1.Occiput region
2.Vertex region
3.Forehead or sinciput region
4.Face
25. +
REGIONS OF FETAL SKULL
VERTEX
Bounded by postetior fontanelle, the two
parietal bones eminences and the anterior
fontanelle
26. +
SINCIPUT
Extends from the anterior fontanelle and the
coronal suture to the orbital ridges
OCCIPUT
Lies between the foramen magnum and the
posterior fontanelle . The parts below the
occipital protuberance (landmark) is known as
the sub-occipital region
FACE
Extends from the upper ridge of the eye to
the nose and mentum ( lower jaw )
30. +
Sub-occipitofrontal (SOF)
Diameter 10cm
Measured from below the occipital
protuberance to the centre of the frontal
suture
Attitude : Incomplete felxion
Presentation : Vertex
31. +
Diameter 11.5cm
Measured from the occipital protuberance to
the root of the nose
Attitude : Head extend
Presentation :
The occipitofrontal (OF)
32. +
Diameter 13.5
Measured from the point of the chin to the
highest point on the vertex
Attitude : Head
Presentation : Brow
The mentovertical (MV)
33. +
The sub-mentovertical (SMV)
Diameter 11.5cm
Measured from the point where the chin
joins the neck to the highest point on the
vertex
Attitude : Head incompletely extend
Presentation : Face
34. +
The sub-mentobregmatic (SMB)
Diameter 9.5cm
Measured from the point where the chin
joins the neck to the centre of the bregma
(anterior fontanelle)
Attitude : Head complete extend
Presentation : Face
43. +
CONCLUSION
It is important for midwife to learn about the
fetal skull by knowing the landmarks will
enable them to estimate the progress of
labour.
Midwife also can evaluates the presentation
and progression of the fetal skull through
these structures.
44. + 44
Marshall J.,& Raynor M. (2014) Myles Textbook For
Midwives. (16th
ed.). London : Elsevier.
Verrals S. (2015) Anatomy And Physiology Applied To
Obstetrics. (3rd
ed.). Singapore : Elsevier.
Winson N. V., & Mcdonald S. (2014) Illustrated
Dictionary Of Midwifery. Edinburgh : Elsevier.
REFERENCES