It tells about the phylum porifera, ceolenerata, pltyhelminthes.......................................................................................................................!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

2. General information
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Porifera are commonly referred to as sponges. Sponges can be
found on ocean floors in most places around the world.
In all cases, poriferans have a canal system, through which they
pump water. Water enters through pores called Ostia, flows through
canals to a spacious chamber called a spongocoel, and finally exits
through large openings called oscula.

3. Characterstics
 They have small pores called Ostia.
 They have canal system for passage of water current
 A cavity called spongocoel is present, therefore they are called
sponges
 They are covered with the hard covering or outer skeleton.
 Digestion is intracellular that is within the cell
 Respiration and excretion takes place through the general body
surface.
 Reproduction takes place asexually as well as sexually
 They are non motile animals attached to some solid support
 The body design involves very minimal differentiation and division
into tissues.
 Mostly found in seas, but a few species are found in fresh water also.

4. Euplectelea
Porifera sponge
Sycon
Spongilla

6. GENERAL INFORMATION
 Coelenterata is scientifically classified from the Animalia
kingdom
and
Eumetazoa
sub-kingdom.
The
term Coelenterata is no longer recognized as scientifically
valid, as the Cnidaria and Ctenophora.
 This phylum includes about 9000 species , which are mainly
marine ; few are fresh water . The name of this phylum came
from the stinging cells or cnidoblasts present on the ectoderm
of tentacles and the body of these carnivorous animals. This
phylum includes aquatic (marine and fresh water), solitary or
colonial forms.

7. Characterstics
 Dipoblastic body with two layers of cells, outer layer called ectoderm

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

or epidermis and the inner layer known as the endoderm or
gastrodermis.
The body is made up of two layers of the cells , one makes up
cells on the outside of the body , and the other makes the species
live in colonies like corals , while others have a solitary life-span
like hydra . Jellyfish and sea anemone are common examples
They have a central cavity called coelenteron in their body which is
also known as gastrovascular cavity
These animals are aquatic and mostly marine except hydra which
found in fresh water
They have only one opening in their body which is used for feeding
and for elimination of waste material
Digestion is both intracellular and intercellular

8. Acropora palmata
(Elkhorn coral)
Distichopora violacea
Aurelia aurita (Jelly fish)
hydra

10. 
A phylum of the invertebrates, commonly called the flatworms.
They are bilaterally symmetrical, nonsegmented, dorsoventrally
flattened worms characterized by lack
of coelom, anus, circulatory and respiratory systems, and exoor endoskeleton.
Three classes occur in the phylum:
(1) the Turbellaria, mainly freeliving, predacious worms; (2) the
Trematoda, or flukes, holozoic ectoor endoparasites; and (3) the
Cestoda, or
tapeworms, saprozoic endoparasites
in the enteron of vertebrates, whose
larvae are found in the tissues of
invertebrates or vertebrates.
General information

11. Characterstics
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Body of animals of this group is bilaterally
symmetrical, i.e. the left and the right halves of the
body have the same design
They are triploblastic, i.e. there are three layers of
cells, from which diffferentiated tissues can be
made
They have organ lable of organisation
There is no true internal body cavity or coelom, in
which well developed organs can be
accomodated
The body is dorsoventrally flattened
They are either freeliving, or parastic
Free living-planarians

12. SOME EXAMPLES
Fasciola hepatica
Echinostoma
revolutum
Tricladida
Entobdella soleae

13. 1)
They have small
pores called Ostia
They have only two
germs layer, i.e. they
are dipoblastic
They are triploblastic, i.e.
there are three layers of
the cells
2)
They possess cellular
level of organization
They possess tissue
level organization.
They possess organ level of
organization
3)
The body cavity is
called spongocoel
The body cavity is
called coelenteron
There is no true internal
cavity i.e.
pseudocoelenteron
4)
Digestion is
intracellular
Digestion is both
extracellular and
intracellular
They have incomplete
digestive system
5)
They are
asymmetrical or
radially symmetrical
They are radially
symmetrical .
They are bilaterally
symmetrical
6)
Ex- Sycon , Spongilla
Ex- Hydra,
Aurelia(jellyfish)
Ex- Taenia , Planaria