1) Kingdom Animalia includes multicellular, eukaryotic organisms that are heterotrophs and have a nervous system and locomotion abilities to obtain food. 2) Animals develop from a zygote into a gastrula with three germ layers - ectoderm, endoderm and mesoderm - that form the skin/nervous system, digestive tract and muscles/circulatory system, respectively. 3) Invertebrates make up 95% of animal species and include sponges, cnidarians, flatworms, roundworms, mollusks, annelids, echinoderms and arthropods like insects, spiders and crustaceans

1. Kingdom Animalia

2. ~ Characteristics ~ Multicellular

3. Eukaryotic with no cell walls

4. Heterotrophs (consumers) ~ Characteristics ~Have a nervous system to respond to their environment Locomotion relates to ability to obtain foodMost animals develop from a zygote becoming aA single layer of cells surrounding a fluid-filled space forming a hollow ball of cells called a gastrula.

5. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~The gastrula ismade up of three parts:Ectoderm, a layer of cells on the outer surface of the gastrula,grows and divides developing into skin and nervous tissue.Endoderm, a layer of cells lining the inner surface of the gastrula,develops into the lining of the animal’s digestive tract. Mesoderm, made up of two layers of cells lying between the ectoderm and endoderm, forms muscles, reproductive organs and circulatory vessels.

7. ~ Developmental Characteristics ~Animals that develop a mouth from the indented space in the gastrula are protostomes.Animals that develop an anus from the opening in the gastrula are deuterostomes.

9. ~Body Plans ~Animals that are irregular in shape are asymmetrical.Animals that are regular in shape are symmetrical.

10. ~ Body Plans ~An animal has radial symmetry if it can be divided along any plane, through a central axis, into equal halves.An animal has bilateral symmetry if it can be divided down its length into similar right and left halves forming mirror images of each other.

11. Which figure has bilateral symmetry? Which has radial symmetry?

12. ~ Body Plans ~Acoelomates– animals have three cell layers with a digestive tract but no body cavities.Pseudocoelomates – animals with a fluid-filled body cavity partly lined with mesoderm. Coelomates – animals with a body cavity completely surrounded by mesoderm.

14. ~ Protection and Support ~Though not all animals have a skeleton, those that do can be divided into two groups:Those with an exoskeleton – a hard, waxy coating on the outside of the body that protects internal organs, provides a framework for support, and a place for muscle attachment.Those with an endoskeleton – support framework within the body that protects some organs and a brace for muscles to pull against.

15. ~Invertebrates~8 main phylaNo backbones95% of all animals are in this group

16. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Spongessimplest form of animal lifelive in waterDo not move aroundno symmetryPores (holes) all over body5000 species

17. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Filter Feeders: a sponge filters particles of food from water using collar cells and then pumps the water out the osculum.

18. ~Invertebrate Phylum Porifera~Examples: Tube Sponge, Glass Sponge, Sea Sponge

19. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Live in waterMost have tentaclescatch food with stinging cellsgut for digesting

20. ~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~2 different shapes

21. Medusa - like a jellyfish

22. Polyp - like a hydra~Invertebrate Phylum Cnidaria~Examples - Jellyfish, Hydra, sea anemones, and corals

23. ~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Flatworms

24. Flat, ribbon-like body

25. Live in water or are parasites

26. bilateral symmetry~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Examples: Planaria

27. eyespots detect light

28. food and waste go in and out the same opening~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Examples: Tapeworm

29. Parasite that lives in intestines of host absorbing food~Invertebrate Phylum Platyhelminthes ~Examples: Fluke

30. parasite

31. lives inside of host

32. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ RoundwormsRound, tubular bodysmall or microscopic bilateral symmetryhave both a mouth and anusLive in water or are parasites

33. ~Invertebrate Phylum Nematoda ~ Examples:Hookworm Trichinella

34. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Soft bodiesHard ShellsLive on land or in waterhave a circulatory system and a complex nervous system.Important food source for humans

35. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Gastropodasnails and slugsmay have 1 shellstomach-footed - move on stomach

36. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Bivalves2 shells hinged togetherclams, oysters, scallops and mussels

37. ~Invertebrate Phylum Mollusca ~ Class Cephalopodssquids and octopusesinternal mantel

39. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Segemented wormsBody divided into segments(sections)Live in water or undergroundhave a nervous and circulatory system

40. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~ Class Earthwormseat soil and breakdown organic matter, wastes provide nutrients to soil

41. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~Class bristleworms

42. ~Invertebrate Phylum Annelida ~Class leechesparasites that feed on blood of other animals

43. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~Hard, spiny skinLive in salt waterRadial symmetryname means ‘spiney skinned’endoskeleton

44. ~Invertebrate Phylum Echinodermata ~Examples: seastar, sea urchin, sand dollar and sea cucumber

45. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~Body divided into sections/segmentsExoskeleton Jointed legswell developed nervous systemlargest group of organisms on earth

46. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ 3 subphylums:Classified into classes according to the number of legs, eyes and antennae they have.

47. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~SubphylumChilicerata is divided into 3 classes Arachnida – spiders, scorpions, ticks, mitesMerostomata – horseshoe crabsPycnogonida – sea spiders

48. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum ChilicerataClass – Arachnidano antennae4 pairs of legs2 body regions - cephalothorax & abdomenspiders, scorpions, mites & ticks

50. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum ChilicerataClass MerostomataHorseshoe crabsAncient group of species Changed little over 350 million years Aquatic, mostly found on Atlantic & gulf coasts of United States.

52. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum ChilicerataClass PycnogonidaSea spider

53. ~Invertebrate Phylum Arthropoda ~ Subphylum - Crustacea5 ClassesAquatic ones have gills2 antennae2 body regions or segmentedShrimp, lobsters, crabs, barnacles, isopodsMany species taste delicious in butter

55. Subphylum Uniramia: 3 classesClass Insecta (insects) Class Chilopoda (Centipedes) Class Diplopoda (Millipedes)