Porifera
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Sponges are aquatic animals that live attached to surfaces and filter feed. They come in over 18,000 species, lack tissues and organs, and have pores and canals that circulate water and capture food. Sponges can reproduce asexually through budding or sexually. Placozoans are a simple phylum with only one species - they are flat, asymmetrical animals that feed by secreting enzymes onto food.
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Porifera phylum
Porifera is a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows and passes in its course through one or more cavities lined with choanocytes.
Phylum Porifera
This document summarizes key aspects of the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their multicellular origins, body structures, cell types, skeleton formation, water circulation, feeding, reproduction, development, and classification. The four classes of sponges - Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Demospongiae, and Sclerospongiae - are introduced along with examples.
Mollusca general characters and classification
The document discusses the phylum Mollusca. Some key points:
- Mollusca is the second largest phylum and includes animals like snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopuses.
- They are soft-bodied and many have an external or internal shell. Their main distinguishing feature is the shell, which has architectural and ornamental value.
- The phylum is divided into 7 classes based on shell structure and foot position. These include Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Bivalvia (clams and oysters), and Cephalopoda (squids and octopuses).
- Molluscs have
Phylum chordata - zoology
The chordates are named for the notochord: a flexible, rod-shaped structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and also in the adult stage of some chordate species.
It is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, providing skeletal support through the length of the body.
In some chordates, the notochord acts as the primary axial support of the body throughout the animal's lifetime.
Phylum porifera
This was a group powerpoint presentation made in partial requirement for the course Veterinary Zoology (ZOO 11).
Blanoglossus (b.sc. ii)zoology
Blanoglossus is a marine worm found worldwide in tropical and subtropical seas. It lives buried in U-shaped burrows in mud or sand. The body is elongated and cylindrical, divided into a proboscis, collar, and trunk. It feeds by ingesting sand and extracting microorganisms, and reproduces sexually with external fertilization. Key anatomical features include the proboscis for burrowing, gill slits and pores for respiration, and a digestive system with a hepatic region for nutrient absorption from food. Though soft-bodied, it is protected by a mucus lining and secretions in its burrow.
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Class Chondrichthyes includes cartilaginous fish such as sharks, rays, and skates. They have skeletons made of cartilage and possess movable jaws and teeth. Their skin is rough and sandpaper-like, made of scales with the same composition as teeth. Sharks have been largely unchanged for over 100 million years. The largest predatory fish ever was the ancient megalodon shark, which was twice the size of a great white shark.
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Porifera phylum
Porifera is a phylum of primitive invertebrate animals comprising the sponges and having a cellular grade of construction without true tissue or organ formation but with the body permeated by canals and chambers through which a current of water flows and passes in its course through one or more cavities lined with choanocytes.
Phylum Porifera
This document summarizes key aspects of the phylum Porifera (sponges). It describes their multicellular origins, body structures, cell types, skeleton formation, water circulation, feeding, reproduction, development, and classification. The four classes of sponges - Hexactinellida, Calcarea, Demospongiae, and Sclerospongiae - are introduced along with examples.
Mollusca general characters and classification
The document discusses the phylum Mollusca. Some key points:
- Mollusca is the second largest phylum and includes animals like snails, slugs, clams, squids and octopuses.
- They are soft-bodied and many have an external or internal shell. Their main distinguishing feature is the shell, which has architectural and ornamental value.
- The phylum is divided into 7 classes based on shell structure and foot position. These include Gastropoda (snails and slugs), Bivalvia (clams and oysters), and Cephalopoda (squids and octopuses).
- Molluscs have
Phylum chordata - zoology
The chordates are named for the notochord: a flexible, rod-shaped structure that is found in the embryonic stage of all chordates and also in the adult stage of some chordate species.
It is located between the digestive tube and the nerve cord, providing skeletal support through the length of the body.
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Phylum Mollusca
Molluscs are soft-bodied animals with three main body zones - a foot, visceral mass containing internal organs, and mantle. They have a hard calcium carbonate shell or have lost it through evolution. There are three main types - gastropods with one shell, bivalves with two shells, and cephalopods like octopus and squid. Molluscs serve as food but some are poisonous or venomous.
Phylum Mollusca
This document summarizes the characteristics of the phylum Mollusca. It describes their soft unsegmented bodies, bilaterally symmetrical structure, and hard calcareous shells. It divides the body into a head, mantle, visceral mass, and foot. It provides details on their digestive, respiratory, circulatory, excretory, and nervous systems. It lists the six major mollusc classes and provides one example for each: Monoplacophora, Amphineura, Scaphopoda, Gastropoda, Pelecypoda/Bivalvia, and Cephalopoda.
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The document describes the characteristics of arthropods. Arthropods have segmented bodies, jointed appendages, and an external exoskeleton made of chitin. They molt and shed their exoskeleton as they grow. Arthropods are found in many environments and have a variety of shapes and sizes. However, they all share traits like jointed legs, segmentation, distinct heads, and often compound eyes.
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This document provides an overview of the general characteristics of major invertebrate phyla, including Porifera, Coelenterata, Ctenophora, Platyhelminthes, Aschelminthes, Annelida, Arthropoda, Mollusca, Echinodermata, and Hemichordata. For each phylum, the document lists 10-12 of their key characteristics such as habitat, body structure, symmetry, organization, reproduction, and examples of common species.
11th english medium zoology study pdf for students
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2. Key animal phyla are then described in detail including their defining characteristics, examples of classes, and distinguishing anatomical features. Phyla covered include porifera, cnidaria, ctenophora, platyhelminths, aschelminths, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, hemichordata, and chordata.
3. For each phylum, example species are provided along with information on their anatomy, life cycles, and habitats.
Clear concept Of porifera phylum
The document provides information about the phylum Porifera or sponges. It discusses that sponges are the simplest multicellular animals lacking tissues. They live in aquatic environments and have pores, canals and chambers for water circulation. Sponges have soft tissues and mineralized skeletons. They reproduce both sexually and asexually. The document classifies sponges into three classes based on their skeleton type and provides examples of representative sponges. It also describes the anatomy, morphology, life cycles, ecology and geological history of sponges.
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This document provides a summary of the classification of major animal phyla based on their key characteristics and evolutionary relationships. It discusses the levels of biological organization and describes the distinguishing features of major phyla including porifera, cnidaria, platyhelminthes, annelida, arthropoda, mollusca, echinodermata, chordata, and vertebrata. Key characteristics like symmetry, presence of tissues, body cavities, segmentation, and notochord are used to classify animals into different phyla and subphyla.
Phylum mollusca
The document summarizes key characteristics of mollusks. It notes that there are over 50,000 mollusk species that are bilateral and have a mantle that may secrete a shell. They have a muscular foot and a head with sensory organs and a mouth. It discusses their respiratory and digestive systems and life cycles. The document focuses on three mollusk classes: Gastropoda which include snails and slugs, Bivalvia which include clams and mussels, and Cephalopoda which include squid and octopus. It provides examples and characteristics of each class.
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11th english medium zoology study pdf for students
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Porifera
- 3. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Diversity - 18,644 species (Van Soest et al. 2012) - 8,600 species (Hickman et al. 2017) - 4 classes - Demospongiae, Hexactinellida, Calcera, Homoscleromorpha
- 5. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Where found? - All aquatic, mostly marine, a few freshwater. General characteristics - No germ layers - All sessile (attached to substrate and do not move). - All but one are filter feeders (feed on particles suspended in water) - Cellular level of organization (no tissues, organs, or organ systems)
- 6. Phylum Porifera (sponges) General characteristics (cont.) Skeleton in 2 parts Rigid skeleton = spicules Fibrous skeleton = spongin Homoscleromorpha Calcera Demospongiae Hexactinellida
- 7. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Body Plan Body a series of interconnected pores and canals. - Movement of the flagella on the choanocyte draws water into the sponge. - Water enters through pores known as dermal ostia. - The collar of the choanocyte captures food particles. - Water exits through the osculum (oscula = pl.)
- 10. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Body Plan (cont.) - Cell types - 3 broad classes recognized (many subclass though) - Choanocytes - generate water currents and capture food.
- 12. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Body Plan (cont.) Cell types - 3 broad classes recognized (many subclass though) - Archaeocytes - amoeboid cells; receive food from choanocytes - Capable of differentiating into more specialized cells - Sclerocytes - secrete spicules - Spongocytes - secrete spongin - Collencytes - secrete collagen
- 14. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Body Plan (cont.) - Cell types - 3 broad classes recognized (many subclass though) - Pinacocytes - form the outer covering of sponges. - Some, myocytes, are capable of contracting; closes ostia.
- 16. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Body Plan (cont.) - Extracellular materials - Mesohyl - functions as connective tissue (but not a true tissue).
- 18. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Arrangement of canals and choanocytes ranges from simple to complex. - Greater complexity allows for more food to be gathered and thus larger size. Asconoid - simplest arrangements and therefore the smallest size. Syconoid - intermediate arrangement and therefore capable of intermediate size. Leuconoid - most complex arrangement and therefore capable of largest size.
- 23. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Homeostatic functions and structures - Osmotic balance - none - Excretion - diffusion - Respiration - diffusion - Temperature regulation - none - Circulation - none (all processes by diffusion)
- 24. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Nervous system - Lacking along with sensory structures . - Can respond to localized stimuli.
- 25. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Regenerative and reproductive processes - Great ability to regenerate and replace lost parts. - Undergo somatic embryogenesis when fragmented.
- 26. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Regenerative and reproductive processes - Capable of asexual and sexual reproduction. - Asexual - budding (external buds), gemmulation (internal buds) - Gemmulation - common in freshwater sponges where freezing and drought are problematic.
- 27. Phylum Porifera (sponges) Regenerative and reproductive processes - Capable of asexual and sexual reproduction. - Sexual - most sponges are monecious; gametes from choanocytes. - Most are viviparous and produce a ciliated larvae.
- 28. Phylum Placozoa (placozoans) Diversity - 1 species (Trichoplax adhaerens) Where found - marine General characteristics - Plate-like body; asymmetrical; diploblastic without tissues or organs - Dorsal and ventral sides, but no head - Dorsal has flagellated cells with bright spheres - Ventral has columnar ciliated cells with glands.
- 29. Phylum Placozoa (placozoans) General characteristics - Fibrous contractile cells between dorsal and ventral Feeding - Position above food item; secrete enzymes; absorb remains. Reproduction - Asexual known; sexual not known