This document discusses the production and properties of polyvinyl chloride (PVC). PVC is produced from salt and oil/gas. Salt is dissolved in water and decomposed using electricity to produce chlorine, which is then combined with ethylene from oil/gas cracking to make vinyl chloride monomer. Vinyl chloride is polymerized to produce PVC. PVC has properties including weathering stability, versatility in forms, fire resistance due to chlorine content, and recyclability. Common applications of PVC include medical, transportation, construction, packaging, and art/design uses. The document also evaluates PVC/rubber composites for irrigation pipes.

1. Javaid Iqbal Mohsin
E12-343
Department of Metallurgy & Materials Engineering
University of the Punjab,Lahore.

2.  Is Made from salt (57 per cent) and oil/gas (43 per
cent).
 Commercial production: salt dissolved in water is
chemically decomposed by passing an electric current
produces chlorine caustic soda & hydrogen while
oil/gas is refined and cracked to give ethylene.
 When chlorine & ethylene are combined, the product is
ethylene dichloride ; again transformed to give vinyl
chloride, the basic building block of PVC.

3.  chemical formula for vinyl
chloride C2H3Cl.
 Molecular weight=62.5g/mol
 The half life of vinyl chloride
in air is a few hours.
 Slightly soluble in water &
extremely flammable.

4.  Weathering stability.
PVC is resistant to aggressive environmental factors.
 Versatility.
PVC can be flexible or rigid & can last up to 100 years and even more.
 Fire protection.
PVC is a material resistant to ignition due to its chlorine content.
 Recyclability.
PVC is very recyclable, more so than many other plastics. .
 Economical efficiency.
PVC is the cheapest polymers providing products with the best quality-
price ratio.

5.  Medical applications i-e blood
storage containers
 Transport (dash board
& door panels)
 Building and construction
 Packaging, pipes & wires coatings.
 Art and design

6.  This paper presents the production technique, characterization
of polymer composites based on plasticized PVC and
vulcanized nit rile rubber waste suitable for irrigations pipes
for agricultural use.
 Materials used to obtain required polymer are as follows:
 PVC with a 64 K-wert value (moisture and volatile 0.2%
 dioctyl phthalate(density 0.984 g/cm3, pH 7, 99.5% purity)
 PVC stabilizer LGP 8008 (tribasic lead sulphate content 30–
60%, lead stearate diatomic content 10%–30%), (Zn content
11%, melting point 127°C).
 vulcanized nit rile rubber powder obtained by buffing the
rubberized metallic rolls.

7.  have lower hardness
 higher elongation at break
 a better tensile strength
 The selected polymer have good behavior under
accelerated aging and for immersion in water also.
The rapid expansion & consumption of PVC is due
to:
 Lower cost
 Greater availability
 Good mechanical properties

8. Characteristics Compression molded
sample
Cl injected
sample
Elasticity % 7 8
Elongation at break% 300 300
Hardness °ShA 73 73
The results in above table show that the values for physical
mechanical characteristics for compression molded samples, and
injected samples are similar excepting:
a slight decrease of elasticity
a slight decrease of tensile strength and 100% modulus.
The increase of rubber powder quantity leads to an increase of
hardness, tear strength & decrease of elongation at break.

9. Thank you.

10.  http://www.pvc.org/en/p/pvcs-physical-pr
 http://www.pvc.org/en/p/what-is-pvcoperties
 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/726121/
 http://ec.europa.eu/environment/waste/pvc/
 http://www.waterworld.com/topics/pvc-pipe.htm
 http://www.questia.com/newspaper/1G1-168415102/letter-
assets-and-advantages-of-pvc-as-material
 http://www.hindawi.com/journals/isrn/2013/726121/tab3/
 http://www.essentialchemicalindustry.org/polymers/polychl
oroethene.html