This document summarizes key information about polyvinyl chloride (PVC), including its introduction, physical properties, techniques for polymerization, applications, research, and conclusions. PVC is one of the most widely used polymers due to its low cost and variety of properties. It consists of polar molecules attracted by dipole-dipole interactions between chlorine and hydrogen atoms. PVC can be manufactured through suspension, emulsion, or bulk polymerization. It has good strength, chemical resistance, workability, and is self-extinguishing. Common applications include pipes, fittings, cables, flooring, and medical devices. Research indicates coating PVC with iodine-doped titanium dioxide reduces bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation.

1. PVC(POLY VINYL CHLORIDE)
NAME: MUHAMMAD RASHID
ROLL#: 14MME-S1-323
DEPT: CEET(METALLURGY AND MATERIALS ENGINEERING)

2. INTRODUCTION
 PVC is one of the three most important polymers being used in the world.
 This is one the cheapest polymers to make and has a wide range of properties to make hundreds of
products.
 PVC is formed by the polymerization of vinyl chloride known as chloroethane monomer units:

3. INTRODUCTION
 PVC consists of polar molecules attracted to each other by dipole dipole
due to electrostatic attractions of a chlorine atom in one molecule to a
hydrogen atom in another atom.
 These intermolecular attractions between polymer chains make it a good strong material.
 Uncompounded PVC is rigid, color less and has poor stability toward light and heat.
 The use of stabilizers and additives make us capable to change the properties of PVC of our own desire.

4. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
PVC conforms ASTM D-1784-95 Class 12454-B(type 1 grade 1) and is manufactured without the use of
fillers or plasticizers. It shows excellent fire rating (UL-94V-0) and has a flame spread under 20 per ASTM –
E-84.
Strength: PVC has tensile strength and stiffness for the tough application.
Chemical resistant: PVC is resistant to most alkali and acids.
Workability: PVC can be cut, welded, machined and glued for
fabrication.
Low cost: Economical choice for fabricating tanks , pumps.
Flammability: It is self extinguishing.
Consistency: Extrude through the gauges for the dimensional
consistency.
Properties PVC ASTM
Test
Metho
d
Units
Water
absorption
1.42 D 570 %
Density 0.06 D 792 g/cc
Rockwell
hardness
12454-B D 785 R Scale
Cell class 115 1784

5. TECHNIQUES
Polymerization Techniques of PVC
1) By suspension polymerization
( product in the form of white powder, occur in water).
2) By emulsion polymerization
(product in finer resin grades with much smaller particles).
3) By bulk polymerization
(product in the form of white powder, occur in absence
of water).

6. APPLICATIONS

7. RESEARCH ARTICLE
 PVC/I-TiO2 film with highly photocatalytic antibacterial activity under visible light.
 Materials and Reagents medical grade PVC endotracheal tubes, bacterial cells are cultured in
nutrient broth solution at 37 degree for 18 h and diluted immediately.
 Synthesis of iodine modified Tio2 (200ml) and HI (5ml) mixed and stirred for 4 hour at 25 degree, then
transferred to a Telflon lined autoclave and reacted at 160 degree for 12 h.
 Coating I-TiO2 on PVC.
 The structure is characterized by XRD.
 Then bacteria of plates are incubated at 37 degree for 48 h and compare the diameter of the zone of
inhibition.
 The bacterial biofilm formed on the surface of PVC are measured by SEM.
 I-TiO2 coating on PVC tube decrease adhesion of bacteria and prevent biofilm formation on PVC
surface, inflammation of tracheal, and lung tissue of bam suckling pig.

8. GRAPH AND DIAGRAM
The pathological detection of lung tissue of pig
SEM images of (a) PVC, (b) TiO2/PVC, (c) I-TiO2/PVC,
(d) TEM image of I-TiO2/PVC, (e) HRTEM image of I-TiO2/PVC.
XRD patterns of (a) TiO2/PVC,
(b) I-TiO2/PVC.
characteristic peaks
at 25.2° (1 0 1), 37.9° (0 0 4),
47.9° (2 0 0), 54.2° (1 0 5),
and 62.6° (2 0 4)

9. CONCLUSION
 Accidental discovery of PVC by French Chemist Henri Victor Regnault and German Eugen Baumann led to many
practical uses in the world today. The practical ways in which it can be used has led the PVC being a part of many
extraordinary things.
 PVC is used in multiple range of consumer goods, from bottles, bags, toys, televisions, through to fashion, art,
flooring and sports equipments . In our daily life , it plays an important role. All of this is made possible with the
accidental discovery of PVC.
 Limitations:
Vinyl chloride, a chemical used in the manufacture of Beck, the International Agency for Research on
Cancer of the World Health Organization, is a known human carcinogen.
Including children's products: such as pencil boxes can contain small quantities of plastic water bottles,
lunch boxes, toys, small chairs, tables, school bags, stationery items. Most of these items are made of plastic
because of the lack of weight, affordability and comfort are the fact that children are put in greater danger today
is in contact with these things .

10. REFERENCES
 SCIENCE DIRECT.COM
 PVC: COMPOUNDS, PROCESSING AND APPLICATIONS BY J. LEADBITTER, J. A DAY, J. L RYAN