The document discusses the concept of polarization in light, explaining its definitions, types, and related terms. It covers the laws of polarization, such as Brewster's law, and outlines applications in fields like astronomy, 3D movies, and communication. Additionally, it details instruments involved in polarization, including polarizers and analyzers.

1. Polarization And It’s
Application
Tariq Al Fayad. M

2. PRESENATION LAYOUT
Introduction
Types of polarized light
Few related terms
Few laws related to polarization
Applications

3. INTRODUCTION
Light is form of energy which gives us the sensation of
vision
Different properties of light are:
 Reflection
Refraction
Interference
Diffraction
Polarization

4. WHAT IS POLARIZATION?
The vibrations are limited to just one direction in a plane
perpendicular to the direction of propagation, the wave is
said to be plane polarized.
Thus, the phenomenon of the restriction of the vibration
to a particular direction is called polarization.

5. CONTD…
Unpolarized/ natural wave vibrating
in all direction
Mixture of various plane polarized
beam e.g. sun, thermal, gaseous
discharge lamp, flame, etc
Polarized beam contains vibration
in only one plane

6. CONTD…
Partial polarized light, mixture of polarized and
non polarized light.
The plane which contains the vibrations of
polarized light is called plane of vibration.
The plane normal to the plane of vibration is
called the plane of polarization.

7. TYPES OF POLARIZATION
Plane/Linear polarization
Elliptical polarized
Circular polarized

8. LINEAR POLARIZATION
Vibration restricted to only one direction In
single meridian
Linearly polarized light can be obtained from
the polarizer such as Dichroic polarizer.

9. LINEAR POLARIZATION
The two orthogonal components are in
phase so that the ratio of the strengths
of two components is constant.
The direction of the electric vector
(vector sum of these two components)
is constant so tip traces out as single
line in pane.

10. ELLIPTICAL POLARIZED
Tip of the electric vector describes an ellipse
about the direction of propagation
Equivalent to two plane polarized of unequal
magnitude (phase difference 90⁰)
Vibration in an elliptical orbit.

11. ELLIPTICAL POLARIZED
Two components are not in phase and
either do not have same amplitude or
are not 90⁰ out of phase, though
amplitude ratio are constant
Called so because their electric vector
traces out an ellipse in the plane

12. CIRCULAR POLARIZED
Wave in which the tip of the electric vector describes
a circle around the direction of propagation
Equivalent to two plane polarized waves of equal
magnitude moving together (out of phase by 90⁰)
Vibration is circular orbit

13. CIRCULAR POLARIZED
One component is zero while other is max. or
minimum amplitude
Either x comp. can be 90⁰ ahead of y comp. or it
can be 90⁰ behind the y comp.
These cases are called right handed circular
polarization and left hand circular polarization,
depending upon way electric vector rotates.

14. FEW TERMS
Polarizer: An instrument by which the light gets
polarized.
Analyzer: An instrument which detects whether a
light ray is polarized or not.

15. BREWSTER’S LAW
The law states that light will receive maximum
polarization from a reflecting surface when it is
incident to the surface at an angle (angle of
polarization or polarizing angle) having a
tangent equal to the index of refraction of the
surface.

16. BREWSTER’S LAW

17. PRODUCTION OF POLARIZED LIGHT
Dichroism
 Double reflection
 Scattering
Reflection

18. POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION
Unpolarized light can undergo polarization by reflection off of non
metallic surfaces like snow, glass.
Incident angle is such that angle between reflected and refracted
ray is 90.
Such incident angle is polarzing angle or Brewster’s angle.
Reflected ray is linearly polarized parallel to the reflecting surface

19. POLARIZATION BY REFLECTION

20. APPLICATION
Astronomy
3D movies
Communication and radar
applications

21. ASTRONOMY
For providing information on sources of radiation
and scattering, polarization probes the interstellar
magnetic field via Faraday rotation.
Polarization of cosmic microwave background is
being used to study the physics of the early
universe.

22. 3D Movies
Polarization is used for 3D movies ,in which the images
intended for each eye are either projected from two different
projectors orthogonally oriented polarizing filters or, more
typically , from a single projector with multiplexed polarization
Polarized 3D glasses with suitable polarized filters ensure that
each eye receives only the intended image

23. 3D Movies

24. COMMUNICATION AND RADAR
APPLICATIONS
All radio transmitting and receiving antennas are
intrinsically polarized, special use of which is made in
radar.
Vertical polarization is most often used when it is
desired to radiate a radio signal in all directions such
as widely distributed mobile units.

25. CONTD
AM and FM radio use vertical polarization, while
television uses horizontal polarization
Alternating vertical and horizontal polarization is
used on satellite communications to allow the
satellite to carry two separate transmission on given
frequency

26. CONTD…

27. OPTHALMIC INSTRUMENTS
Eliminate strong reflection
from the patients cornea.
Polarizer 90⁰ to the
polarization of the incident
light.