The document explains the differences between polar and non-polar covalent bonds, highlighting that polar bonds involve unequal sharing of electrons while non-polar bonds involve equal sharing. It lists examples of each type of bond and describes how the type can be determined through electronegativity differences between atoms. Specific electronegativity value thresholds are provided to classify bonds as ionic, polar covalent, or non-polar covalent.

2. Polar and non-polar bonds are
covalent bonds. Polar bond is unequal
sharing of electrons whereas non-polar
bonds are equal sharing of electrons.
Examples of polar bond exist in
water, ammonia, hydrochloric acid, etc.
Examples of non-polar bond are in H2,
Cl2, Br2, etc.

3. The type of bond can be
determined from electronegativity
difference between combining atoms.
Electronegativity difference is obtained
by the electronegativity values of
elements obtained from the periodic
table.

4. Type of Bond
Value of
Electronegativity
Diifference
Ionic 1.7 or more
Polar Covalent Less than 1.7
Non-polar
Covalent
0 – 0.4

5. Example:
Compoun
d
Electrone-
gativity
Value
Electrone-
gativity
Difference
Type of
Bond
MgCl2 Mg = 1.2
Cl = 3.0
1.8 Ionic
H2o H = 2.1
O = 3.5
1.4 Polar
Covalent
Br2 Br = 2.8 0 Non-polar
covalent