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1. APPILICATION
OF SUPERCONDUCTORS

2. BRANCH - MECHANICAL-A
ACADAMIC YEAR – 2014-2015
SUBJECT - PHYSIC
SEM. – 1
ROLL
NO
NAME ENROLLMENT
NO:
31 Shaikh Mohammad Farukh 140860119105
32 Ravindra B Yadav 140860119123
33 Akshay Vani 140860119004
34 Krupal Bhandari 1408601190
35 Yash Pawar 1408601190

3. What is a Superconductor?
A superconductor is a very pure metal, an alloy or a
compound that allows electricity to be transmitted with
minimal losses.
A higher current flow may occur with lower energy losses
than common conductors.
Many elements can be coaxed into a superconductive
state with the application of high pressure.

4. APPILICATION OF
SUPERCONDUCTORS
•Particle Accelerators
•Generators
•Transportation
•Power Transmission
•Electric Motors
•Military
•Computing
•Medical
•B Field Detection (SQUIDS)

5. IN MAGNETIC LEVITATION
The magnetic levitation is based in two
techniques:-
(1) Electromagnetic Suspention (EMS)
(2) Electrodynamic Suspention (EDS)

6. In magnetic levitation
In attractive EMS , the electromagnets installed on
the train-bogi attract the iron rails. The vehicle
magnet rapped on the iron rails & the attractive
upward force lift the train.
In EDS , levitation is achieved by creating a repulsive
force between the train & iron rails.
A similar magnetic propulsion system is being used to
launch the satellite into orbits directly from the earth
without the use of rockets.

7.  'MagLev' trains have been under development in Japan for the past two
decades
 Superconducting magnets are used create a strong magnetic force to propel the
vehicle. But they offer more than just propulsion—they also levitate the vehicles and
guide them within the bounds of the guideway.
The system takes advantage of the naturally stabilizing effect provided by
electromagnet induction. No controlling devices whatsoever are needed to keep
the train on its guideway, and there is no risk of the train ‘derailing.’ The magnetic
levitation force is ideal for supporting a train at very high speeds.

8. In medical
MRI is a technique that allows doctors to see what is happening
inside the body without directly performing surgery.
 The development of superconductors has improved the field
of MRI as the superconducting magnet can be smaller and
more efficient than an equivalent conventional magnet.
 Radiofrequency receivers that are currently made of copper
coils can be replaced by superconducting receiver coils,
increasing signal-to-noise ratio by a factor of two in some
cases.

9. In medical
Magnetic rezonance tomography
Biomagnetic measurements
SQUID magnetometer
Magnetoencephalanography (MEG systems)
Magnetocardiography (MCG device)
Magnetoneurography
Gastroenterology
Magnetopneumography
Liver iron suspectometry

10. In medical
In addition, advance static and functional imaging
techniques, using superconducting sensors, are
emerging as complementary methods, enabling
additional capabilities as well as lower cost.

11. Magnetic field sensing
 Compared with the rest of the body’s low current operations, the heart is a highly electric organ.
Its faint magnetic field (about 100 picoteslas) can be measured with superconducting quantum
interference devices (SQUIDs), the most sensitive magnetic sensors known.
 When arranged in arrays, SQUIDs can provide an image of the heart ’s magnetic field and yield
clues to abnormal conduction patterns that are the basis of some heart arrhythmias (abnormal
rhythms). About 3 million persons are treated for arrhythmias each year in the United States.

12. In industry
In industry also superconductors plays an important
role.
New applications of superconductors will increase
with critical temperature.
Liquid nitrogen based superconductor has provided
industry more flexibility to utilize superconductivity as
compared to liquid helium superconductors.
The work of commercialization centers on the
development of new products and the engineering
needed to implement the new technology.

13.  Electric generators made with superconducting wire are far more efficient
than conventional generators wound with copper wire.
 Their efficiency is above 99% and their size about half that of
conventional generators.
 They make lucrative ventures for power utilities.
 Recently, power utilities have begun to use superconductor-based
transformers and "fault limiters".
 Superconducting fault limiters can respond within a few
milli-seconds to limit thousands of amperes of current – such
as after a lightning strike.
 An idealized application for superconductors is to employ them in
the transmission of commercial power to cities.
 BUT, due to the high cost and impracticality of cooling miles of
superconducting wire to cryogenic temperatures, this has only
happened with short "test runs".
 Superconducting material takes up less space.
 In one instance 250 pounds of superconducting wire replaced
18,000 pounds of vintage copper cable, making it over 7000% more space-efficient.

14. Some others applications of
superconductors
Superconductors can be used to transmit electrical power
over very long distances without any power loss or any
voltage drop.
Superconductors generators has the benefits small size and
low energy consumption than the conventional generators.
Superconducting coils are used in N.M.R (nuclear magnetic
resonance) imaging equipments which are used in hospitals
for scanning the whole body diagnose medical problems.
Very strong magnetic fields can be generated with coils
made of high Tc superconducting materials.