PO 397 Introduction to Social Science Research
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This document outlines the key principles and methods of the scientific method. It discusses that science is based on investigating natural processes through logical and systematic methods (1). Key aspects covered include that nature can be understood through order, patterns, and natural causes (2); knowledge is built on empirical evidence and experience rather than assumptions (3); and the goal is to continually improve knowledge rather than remain ignorant (4). It also contrasts deductive and inductive reasoning approaches and covers quantitative and qualitative analysis methods.
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Scientific method and research
The document discusses scientific method and research. It defines scientific method as integrating deductive and inductive reasoning to systematically study problems through hypothesis formulation, evidence collection, and hypothesis testing. Research is defined as the objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that can lead to generalizations, principles, or theories. The key aspects of research discussed include formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting evidence, analyzing data, and reporting results. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
The Nature Of Research
The document discusses different aspects of research including definitions, types, and approaches. Research is defined as systematically gathering information to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The main types of research are basic research which tests theories, applied research which solves problems by applying theories, and action research which addresses local problems. Quantitative research emphasizes numbers and control while qualitative research focuses on natural settings and interpretations. Both approaches have valid uses depending on the research problem and objectives.
scientific method and the research process
This document provides an overview of the scientific method and research process. It discusses that research is an organized study conducted to discover facts, establish or revise theories, and develop plans of action. The scientific method involves both inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research methods that can be used individually or combined, including theoretical, applied, policy, empirical, action research, and more. The document then discusses key aspects of the scientific research process like establishing needs, defining problems, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings. It emphasizes that the scientific method has proven valuable as it allows for constant updating of knowledge through validity testing and supports decision making and policy.
Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and Writing
Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and WritingDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Science means ‘to know’.
To gain knowledge through the mode of thinking and experimenting with reasoning.
Ideas are tested and hypotheses are set and finally the concept is accepted or rejected.
Person involved in these activities is known as ‘scientist’.
scientific research
. Science is not just a bulk of
knowledge, but knowledge assembled by the appliance of the scientific methodology.
The scientific method has led to the
discovery of some of the most important concepts in science today such as evolution,
gravitational theory, relativity, and too much more to list. It helps to catch frauds and bring the
truth to light. It continues to be the standard for which all scientific discoveries are measured and
verified and it has stood the test of time to be used in all fields in science and it has applications
in many other industries.The primary goal of scientific research is to describe and explain
reality. Research begins with defining and describing what is already known about a subject.
This requires reviewing the literature and synthesizing the information generated by various
studies in the past.In scientific method, logic supports in preparing propositions clearly and
precisely so that their probable substitutes become clear. Further, logic develops the
consequences of such alternatives, and when these are compared with observable phenomena, it
becomes possible for the researcher or the scientist to state which alternative is most in harmony
with the observed facts. All this is done through experimentation and survey investigations
which constitute the integral parts of scientific method. The scientific research will have the following steps:-
1. Observe an event: - The first process in the scientific method involves the observation
of a phenomenon, event, or “problem.” The discovery of such a phenomenon may occur
due to an interest on the observers‟ part, a suggestion or assignment, or it may be an
annoyance that one wishes to resolve.
2. Develop a hypothesis: - Observation leads to a question that needs to be answered tohuman curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
human curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
answerable and lead to the formation of a hypothesis about the problem.
3. Test the prediction. A scientific hypothesis has to be testable and also has to be proven
to be accurate. If it does fall short, another hypothesis may be tested, usually one that has
taken into consideration the fact that the last tested hypothesis failed. Prediction is a
statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on
experience or knowledge. 4 Observe the result: - All evidence and conclusions must be analyzed properly. 5. An experiment is designed to prove or disprove the hypothesis.6.Revise the hypothesis 7. Repeat as needed.8. A successful hypot
CONCEPTS OF RESEARCH
This document discusses what research is and is not. It states that research is a systematic search for new knowledge, moving from the known to the unknown, as defined by several experts. The objectives of research are to discover new facts, verify important facts, analyze phenomena to identify relationships, develop new tools and theories, solve problems, and overcome life's problems. The document also discusses common motivations for doing research such as obtaining degrees, employment, solving challenges, gaining recognition, and serving society.
Hsp 3 m social science research methods
The document discusses several social science research methods including sample surveys, case studies, experiments, interviews, and observation. Sample surveys ask questions of a representative group to understand broader populations, while case studies examine individuals or small communities. Experiments test how changing one factor impacts another, commonly used in natural sciences. Interviews collect detailed explanations from a few people, and observation learns about people in their normal settings through unstructured, structured, or participant methods.
Scientific methods of research
This document discusses the scientific method. It defines scientific methods as systematic investigations aimed at developing general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective and empirical means. The characteristics described include being orderly, attempting to control external factors, and basing findings on evidence that can be generalized. The purposes are listed as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, prescription, and identifying relationships. The steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining objectives and variables, stating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations discussed include ethical issues with human subjects, complexity of human behavior, measurement challenges, and difficulty controlling external variables.
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Scientific method and research
The document discusses scientific method and research. It defines scientific method as integrating deductive and inductive reasoning to systematically study problems through hypothesis formulation, evidence collection, and hypothesis testing. Research is defined as the objective analysis and recording of controlled observations that can lead to generalizations, principles, or theories. The key aspects of research discussed include formulating problems, developing hypotheses, collecting evidence, analyzing data, and reporting results. Both qualitative and quantitative research approaches are described.
The Nature Of Research
The document discusses different aspects of research including definitions, types, and approaches. Research is defined as systematically gathering information to establish facts and reach new conclusions. The main types of research are basic research which tests theories, applied research which solves problems by applying theories, and action research which addresses local problems. Quantitative research emphasizes numbers and control while qualitative research focuses on natural settings and interpretations. Both approaches have valid uses depending on the research problem and objectives.
scientific method and the research process
This document provides an overview of the scientific method and research process. It discusses that research is an organized study conducted to discover facts, establish or revise theories, and develop plans of action. The scientific method involves both inductive and deductive reasoning. There are different types of research methods that can be used individually or combined, including theoretical, applied, policy, empirical, action research, and more. The document then discusses key aspects of the scientific research process like establishing needs, defining problems, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and presenting findings. It emphasizes that the scientific method has proven valuable as it allows for constant updating of knowledge through validity testing and supports decision making and policy.
Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and Writing
Research methodology: Scientific Attitude, Methodology and WritingDr. Sudesh D. Rathod, B N Bandodkar College of Science
Science means ‘to know’.
To gain knowledge through the mode of thinking and experimenting with reasoning.
Ideas are tested and hypotheses are set and finally the concept is accepted or rejected.
Person involved in these activities is known as ‘scientist’.
scientific research
. Science is not just a bulk of
knowledge, but knowledge assembled by the appliance of the scientific methodology.
The scientific method has led to the
discovery of some of the most important concepts in science today such as evolution,
gravitational theory, relativity, and too much more to list. It helps to catch frauds and bring the
truth to light. It continues to be the standard for which all scientific discoveries are measured and
verified and it has stood the test of time to be used in all fields in science and it has applications
in many other industries.The primary goal of scientific research is to describe and explain
reality. Research begins with defining and describing what is already known about a subject.
This requires reviewing the literature and synthesizing the information generated by various
studies in the past.In scientific method, logic supports in preparing propositions clearly and
precisely so that their probable substitutes become clear. Further, logic develops the
consequences of such alternatives, and when these are compared with observable phenomena, it
becomes possible for the researcher or the scientist to state which alternative is most in harmony
with the observed facts. All this is done through experimentation and survey investigations
which constitute the integral parts of scientific method. The scientific research will have the following steps:-
1. Observe an event: - The first process in the scientific method involves the observation
of a phenomenon, event, or “problem.” The discovery of such a phenomenon may occur
due to an interest on the observers‟ part, a suggestion or assignment, or it may be an
annoyance that one wishes to resolve.
2. Develop a hypothesis: - Observation leads to a question that needs to be answered tohuman curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
human curiosity about the observation, such as why or how this event happened
or what it is like. In order to develop this question, observation may involve taking
measures to quantify it in order to better describe it. Scientific questions need to be
answerable and lead to the formation of a hypothesis about the problem.
3. Test the prediction. A scientific hypothesis has to be testable and also has to be proven
to be accurate. If it does fall short, another hypothesis may be tested, usually one that has
taken into consideration the fact that the last tested hypothesis failed. Prediction is a
statement about the way things will happen in the future, often but not always based on
experience or knowledge. 4 Observe the result: - All evidence and conclusions must be analyzed properly. 5. An experiment is designed to prove or disprove the hypothesis.6.Revise the hypothesis 7. Repeat as needed.8. A successful hypot
CONCEPTS OF RESEARCH
This document discusses what research is and is not. It states that research is a systematic search for new knowledge, moving from the known to the unknown, as defined by several experts. The objectives of research are to discover new facts, verify important facts, analyze phenomena to identify relationships, develop new tools and theories, solve problems, and overcome life's problems. The document also discusses common motivations for doing research such as obtaining degrees, employment, solving challenges, gaining recognition, and serving society.
Hsp 3 m social science research methods
The document discusses several social science research methods including sample surveys, case studies, experiments, interviews, and observation. Sample surveys ask questions of a representative group to understand broader populations, while case studies examine individuals or small communities. Experiments test how changing one factor impacts another, commonly used in natural sciences. Interviews collect detailed explanations from a few people, and observation learns about people in their normal settings through unstructured, structured, or participant methods.
Scientific methods of research
This document discusses the scientific method. It defines scientific methods as systematic investigations aimed at developing general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective and empirical means. The characteristics described include being orderly, attempting to control external factors, and basing findings on evidence that can be generalized. The purposes are listed as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, prescription, and identifying relationships. The steps outlined are selecting a topic, defining objectives and variables, stating hypotheses, designing the study, collecting and analyzing data, and communicating findings. Limitations discussed include ethical issues with human subjects, complexity of human behavior, measurement challenges, and difficulty controlling external variables.
govind ppt ppt
this is ppt of scientific , social and behavioral method of Research. this highlight all important task related to this. we can give my seminar by explaining it . Email id -govindkr456@gmail.com(for further detail)
4. scientific methods of research
This document discusses scientific methods of research. It begins by defining scientific methods as systematic observation, measurement, experimentation, and formulation of questions or hypotheses to develop general knowledge about natural phenomena. It then lists the characteristics of scientific methods, including being orderly, attempting to control external factors, being based on empirical evidence, and allowing findings to be generalized. The purposes of scientific methods are described as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, and identifying relationships. The document outlines the typical steps of scientific methods, from selecting a topic to collecting and analyzing data. It concludes by discussing limitations of scientific methods when applied to humans, such as ethical issues, difficulty measuring human behavior, and inability to fully control external variables.
Other types of research
This document discusses various types of research. It begins by introducing common types like descriptive, analytical, applied, basic, quantitative, and qualitative research. It then explores additional types categorized by time (cross-sectional, longitudinal), environment (field, laboratory, simulation), purpose (clinical, exploratory, formalized, historical, conclusion-oriented, decision-oriented). Each type is briefly defined. The document concludes that research types are important across many fields for studying relationships and solving problems.
A definition of research 2010 ii
Research is defined as a systematic process of inquiry that involves questioning, experimentation, and testing hypotheses to gain a better understanding of a behavior or phenomenon. It consists of identifying a question or problem, collecting and analyzing original data, and interpreting the results. There are two main types of research - primary research which collects original data, and secondary research which analyzes existing literature and sources. The overall goal of research is to advance knowledge through discovery and exploration.
Naturalistic qualitative inquiry.
This document provides an overview of naturalistic qualitative inquiry. It discusses key aspects of this research approach including:
- Naturalistic inquiry examines phenomena in their natural context and views reality as dynamic and interconnected.
- Several types of naturalistic qualitative research are described, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies.
- Characteristics of qualitative inquiry are outlined, such as using an emergent design, purposive sampling, and inductive analysis to generate theories and descriptions.
- Issues of trustworthiness in qualitative research are covered, including techniques to ensure credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of findings.
Scientific method of research
The document outlines the scientific research method and provides guidance on developing mathematical models and completing a thesis. It describes the four steps of the scientific method as observation, hypothesis, testing, and predictions. Experimental testing is used to evaluate hypotheses. Mathematical models can be empirical, based on experimental data, or deterministic using first principles. Completing one full iteration of the scientific method would be sufficient for an MS thesis, while a PhD thesis requires publishable results from multiple iterations applying the scientific process.
Scientific Method
The document discusses the scientific method and process of conducting research. It explains that [1] scientists develop questions and hypotheses to test, then [2] design and conduct experiments to collect data to evaluate their hypotheses, and [3] analyze and document their results to verify findings and determine if the hypotheses were supported or need modification. The goal is to advance human knowledge through systematic inquiry and experimentation.
Criteria of_scientific_research
The document outlines the criteria for scientific research and theory, including that results must be objective and based on facts, not opinions. Research must also be parsimonious, autonomous from outside influence, published publicly so others can check and repeat experiments, assessed critically by the scientific community through peer review, able to correct mistakes and change over time, and admit that findings might not be certain. The cycle of scientific research is also described as moving from theory to collecting data through empirical research and analysis to induction and deduction.
Research process and Ethics of Research
The document outlines the key steps in the research process: 1) defining a research problem, 2) developing a research plan, 3) collecting research data using triangulation, 4) analyzing the data, 5) presenting findings, and 6) disseminating and utilizing findings. It also discusses ethics in research, including ensuring no harm comes to participants, obtaining informed consent, validating data with participants, maintaining confidentiality, avoiding exploitation and misrepresentation of participants, and properly anonymizing identities.
Research Methods CH1
This chapter introduces communication research by discussing what research is, why it is conducted, and how it relates to both scholars and consumers of research. Some key points covered include:
- Research is the systematic process of asking questions and finding answers through empirical methods in order to uncover patterns and increase predictability.
- Communication research aims to deepen our understanding of human behavior and improve personal and professional environments.
- Research can be conducted from the perspective of a scholar or a consumer of research results, and may be commissioned for private use or consultation.
- Scholarly research is formal, scientific, systematic, and available publicly to allow evaluation and build upon existing work.
Science & the scientific approach
1. Science is a systematic and controlled extension of common sense that uses conceptual frameworks, theories, and hypotheses to test explanations of observed phenomena.
2. It differs from common sense in its use of theories, systematic testing of hypotheses, focus on control and observable relationships, and concern only with publicly testable explanations.
3. Scientific research is a guided, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena aimed at developing theories to explain observations.
Principles of research
This document discusses principles of research and developing a research project. It provides guidance on developing research questions, choosing an appropriate design such as quantitative or qualitative methods, and how to plan and carry out the different stages of a research project from developing methods to analysis and reporting. The key stages discussed include determining aims and objectives, reviewing relevant literature, selecting a design and methods, analyzing results, and writing up findings. Tips are provided on getting help from experts and piloting studies.
Research Methodolgy Part 1
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
Big Idea #1
The document discusses the process of scientific inquiry. It describes inquiry as a multifaceted activity that involves formulating investigable questions, designing investigations into those questions, collecting appropriate data through experiments or observations, evaluating what the data means, and communicating those evaluations. It notes that the scientific process is not always linear and may not include a formal hypothesis or experiment, instead using other methods like detailed observations. It also emphasizes that scientific argumentation and the distinction between observation and inference are important parts of inquiry.
scientific methods in research
Scientific methods are defined as controlled, systematic investigations that aim to develop general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective empirical evidence and relevant concepts. The scientific method relies on objective considerations, aims to formulate general theories through probabilistic predictions, and implies an objective and logical and systematic approach free from bias to ascertain verifiable qualities of phenomena.
Eng6 lesson 1 part 1 nature of research
This document defines and discusses research. It provides several definitions of research from different sources that commonly describe research as a systematic, empirical process of investigation aimed at discovering answers, solving problems, or expanding knowledge. The document outlines different types of research including basic, applied, and action research. It also discusses the importance and purpose of research in areas like improving quality of life and solving problems. Characteristics of research mentioned include being logical, objective, and involving careful collection and reporting of data. The document presents sources of research topics and ends by asking if the reader has any other questions.
Research Overview
This document outlines the agenda for a communication research methods course. It includes discussions of key topics like qualitative and quantitative research, evaluating academic sources, and the scientific research process. Students will learn about developing research questions, different ways of knowing, and how scientific communities work to establish knowledge. The course will also cover finding and reviewing primary research sources and developing ideas for potential research studies.
Research design
The document discusses different types of research designs used in marketing research. It describes exploratory research design which aims to formulate problems or develop hypotheses through literature reviews, experience surveys, and case studies. Descriptive research design aims to describe characteristics of populations through cross-sectional or longitudinal studies using structured data collection and probability sampling. Causal research design aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships through experiments and controlled data collection and analysis to establish evidence of relationships between variables. The document compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs and their objectives, characteristics, and methods.
Nature and-functions-of-research.
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and processes. Research is defined as a systematic, objective investigation directed at developing generalizations through accurate observation and analysis. It involves identifying problems, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The goals of research are to expand knowledge through basic research and solve practical problems through applied research. The overall research process is described as a series of interconnected steps aimed at building understanding.
Characteristics of Scientific method
The scientific method has several key characteristics:
1. It is systematic and considers all aspects of the research process in a planned manner.
2. Experiments are controlled to avoid chance and ensure truthful results.
3. It is empirical and based on direct observation or experience to gain knowledge.
4. It is rational and logical rather than subjective.
Centro histórico de Garopaba: relações entre patrimônio e identidade
PACHECO, Larissa Migliavacca. Centro histórico de Garopaba (SC): relações entre patrimônio e identidade. In. CASTELLS, Alicia Norma González de; NARDI, Letícia (orgs.). PATRIMÔNIO CULTURAL E CIDADE CONTEMPORÂNEA. Florianópolis, 2012, p. 143-157.
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govind ppt ppt
this is ppt of scientific , social and behavioral method of Research. this highlight all important task related to this. we can give my seminar by explaining it . Email id -govindkr456@gmail.com(for further detail)
4. scientific methods of research
This document discusses scientific methods of research. It begins by defining scientific methods as systematic observation, measurement, experimentation, and formulation of questions or hypotheses to develop general knowledge about natural phenomena. It then lists the characteristics of scientific methods, including being orderly, attempting to control external factors, being based on empirical evidence, and allowing findings to be generalized. The purposes of scientific methods are described as description, exploration, explanation, prediction, control, and identifying relationships. The document outlines the typical steps of scientific methods, from selecting a topic to collecting and analyzing data. It concludes by discussing limitations of scientific methods when applied to humans, such as ethical issues, difficulty measuring human behavior, and inability to fully control external variables.
Other types of research
This document discusses various types of research. It begins by introducing common types like descriptive, analytical, applied, basic, quantitative, and qualitative research. It then explores additional types categorized by time (cross-sectional, longitudinal), environment (field, laboratory, simulation), purpose (clinical, exploratory, formalized, historical, conclusion-oriented, decision-oriented). Each type is briefly defined. The document concludes that research types are important across many fields for studying relationships and solving problems.
A definition of research 2010 ii
Research is defined as a systematic process of inquiry that involves questioning, experimentation, and testing hypotheses to gain a better understanding of a behavior or phenomenon. It consists of identifying a question or problem, collecting and analyzing original data, and interpreting the results. There are two main types of research - primary research which collects original data, and secondary research which analyzes existing literature and sources. The overall goal of research is to advance knowledge through discovery and exploration.
Naturalistic qualitative inquiry.
This document provides an overview of naturalistic qualitative inquiry. It discusses key aspects of this research approach including:
- Naturalistic inquiry examines phenomena in their natural context and views reality as dynamic and interconnected.
- Several types of naturalistic qualitative research are described, including phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case studies.
- Characteristics of qualitative inquiry are outlined, such as using an emergent design, purposive sampling, and inductive analysis to generate theories and descriptions.
- Issues of trustworthiness in qualitative research are covered, including techniques to ensure credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability of findings.
Scientific method of research
The document outlines the scientific research method and provides guidance on developing mathematical models and completing a thesis. It describes the four steps of the scientific method as observation, hypothesis, testing, and predictions. Experimental testing is used to evaluate hypotheses. Mathematical models can be empirical, based on experimental data, or deterministic using first principles. Completing one full iteration of the scientific method would be sufficient for an MS thesis, while a PhD thesis requires publishable results from multiple iterations applying the scientific process.
Scientific Method
The document discusses the scientific method and process of conducting research. It explains that [1] scientists develop questions and hypotheses to test, then [2] design and conduct experiments to collect data to evaluate their hypotheses, and [3] analyze and document their results to verify findings and determine if the hypotheses were supported or need modification. The goal is to advance human knowledge through systematic inquiry and experimentation.
Criteria of_scientific_research
The document outlines the criteria for scientific research and theory, including that results must be objective and based on facts, not opinions. Research must also be parsimonious, autonomous from outside influence, published publicly so others can check and repeat experiments, assessed critically by the scientific community through peer review, able to correct mistakes and change over time, and admit that findings might not be certain. The cycle of scientific research is also described as moving from theory to collecting data through empirical research and analysis to induction and deduction.
Research process and Ethics of Research
The document outlines the key steps in the research process: 1) defining a research problem, 2) developing a research plan, 3) collecting research data using triangulation, 4) analyzing the data, 5) presenting findings, and 6) disseminating and utilizing findings. It also discusses ethics in research, including ensuring no harm comes to participants, obtaining informed consent, validating data with participants, maintaining confidentiality, avoiding exploitation and misrepresentation of participants, and properly anonymizing identities.
Research Methods CH1
This chapter introduces communication research by discussing what research is, why it is conducted, and how it relates to both scholars and consumers of research. Some key points covered include:
- Research is the systematic process of asking questions and finding answers through empirical methods in order to uncover patterns and increase predictability.
- Communication research aims to deepen our understanding of human behavior and improve personal and professional environments.
- Research can be conducted from the perspective of a scholar or a consumer of research results, and may be commissioned for private use or consultation.
- Scholarly research is formal, scientific, systematic, and available publicly to allow evaluation and build upon existing work.
Science & the scientific approach
1. Science is a systematic and controlled extension of common sense that uses conceptual frameworks, theories, and hypotheses to test explanations of observed phenomena.
2. It differs from common sense in its use of theories, systematic testing of hypotheses, focus on control and observable relationships, and concern only with publicly testable explanations.
3. Scientific research is a guided, empirical, and critical investigation of natural phenomena aimed at developing theories to explain observations.
Principles of research
This document discusses principles of research and developing a research project. It provides guidance on developing research questions, choosing an appropriate design such as quantitative or qualitative methods, and how to plan and carry out the different stages of a research project from developing methods to analysis and reporting. The key stages discussed include determining aims and objectives, reviewing relevant literature, selecting a design and methods, analyzing results, and writing up findings. Tips are provided on getting help from experts and piloting studies.
Research Methodolgy Part 1
The systematic investigation into and study of materials, sources, etc, in order to establish facts and reach new conclusions. Research is what we do when we have a question or a problem we want to resolve. Research is a systematic inquiry to describe, explain, predict and control the observed phenomenon. The first module highlights an overview of all concepts adopted in Research.
Big Idea #1
The document discusses the process of scientific inquiry. It describes inquiry as a multifaceted activity that involves formulating investigable questions, designing investigations into those questions, collecting appropriate data through experiments or observations, evaluating what the data means, and communicating those evaluations. It notes that the scientific process is not always linear and may not include a formal hypothesis or experiment, instead using other methods like detailed observations. It also emphasizes that scientific argumentation and the distinction between observation and inference are important parts of inquiry.
scientific methods in research
Scientific methods are defined as controlled, systematic investigations that aim to develop general knowledge about natural phenomena through objective empirical evidence and relevant concepts. The scientific method relies on objective considerations, aims to formulate general theories through probabilistic predictions, and implies an objective and logical and systematic approach free from bias to ascertain verifiable qualities of phenomena.
Eng6 lesson 1 part 1 nature of research
This document defines and discusses research. It provides several definitions of research from different sources that commonly describe research as a systematic, empirical process of investigation aimed at discovering answers, solving problems, or expanding knowledge. The document outlines different types of research including basic, applied, and action research. It also discusses the importance and purpose of research in areas like improving quality of life and solving problems. Characteristics of research mentioned include being logical, objective, and involving careful collection and reporting of data. The document presents sources of research topics and ends by asking if the reader has any other questions.
Research Overview
This document outlines the agenda for a communication research methods course. It includes discussions of key topics like qualitative and quantitative research, evaluating academic sources, and the scientific research process. Students will learn about developing research questions, different ways of knowing, and how scientific communities work to establish knowledge. The course will also cover finding and reviewing primary research sources and developing ideas for potential research studies.
Research design
The document discusses different types of research designs used in marketing research. It describes exploratory research design which aims to formulate problems or develop hypotheses through literature reviews, experience surveys, and case studies. Descriptive research design aims to describe characteristics of populations through cross-sectional or longitudinal studies using structured data collection and probability sampling. Causal research design aims to determine cause-and-effect relationships through experiments and controlled data collection and analysis to establish evidence of relationships between variables. The document compares exploratory, descriptive, and causal research designs and their objectives, characteristics, and methods.
Nature and-functions-of-research.
This document defines research and outlines its key characteristics and processes. Research is defined as a systematic, objective investigation directed at developing generalizations through accurate observation and analysis. It involves identifying problems, reviewing literature, developing hypotheses, collecting and analyzing data, and reporting findings. The goals of research are to expand knowledge through basic research and solve practical problems through applied research. The overall research process is described as a series of interconnected steps aimed at building understanding.
Characteristics of Scientific method
The scientific method has several key characteristics:
1. It is systematic and considers all aspects of the research process in a planned manner.
2. Experiments are controlled to avoid chance and ensure truthful results.
3. It is empirical and based on direct observation or experience to gain knowledge.
4. It is rational and logical rather than subjective.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo estudar as possibilidades do turismo arqueológico enquanto estratégia para a promoção do desenvolvimento sustentável da região compreendida pelos municípios catarinenses de Garopaba, Imaruí e Imbituba. A partir da constatação de que o modelo de desenvolvimento adotado por estes municípios não promoveu o desenvolvimento sustentável, gerou concentração de renda, fomentou o turismo de massas, promoveu a sazonalidade econômica, legou passivos ambientais e contribuiu para destruição do patrimônio cultural, discute-se o turismo arqueológico como alternativa complementar para o desenvolvimento sustentável e articulação da região. A pesquisa foi desenvolvida nas seguintes etapas: discussão do conceito de desenvolvimento sustentável a partir das suas dimensões segundo Sachs (2006) e sua relação com o turismo e os processos de patrimonialização; caracterização do território, apresentando seus aspectos históricos, identitários, socioeconômicos e suas diferentes escalas de regionalização; estudo da percepção dos atores locais sobre o turismo arqueológico através de entrevistas com lideranças locais e gestores municipais de turismo, aplicação de questionário aos grupos de condutores ambientais com atuação na região e aplicação de questionário a turistas que visitaram alguns dos municípios estudados; valoração do patrimônio arqueológico da região por meio da adaptação de metodologia de valoração aplicada por Dabezies (2011). A pesquisa mostra o estado atual e a capacidade que os vestígios arqueológicos pré-coloniais remanescentes na região possuem para atuar como atrativos turísticos, bem como a viabilidade do turismo arqueológico na região.PROPOSAL PENAWARAN PEMBUATAN APLIKASI VIRTUAL REALITY
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RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
Physical pharmaceutics notes for B.pharm students
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RHEOLOGY Physical pharmaceutics-II notes for B.pharm 4th sem students
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PO 397 Introduction to Social Science Research
- 4. A set of logical, systematic, documented methods for investigating nature and natural processes, and the knowledge produced by these investigations.
- 6. #1: Nature is Orderly Regularity and Order Structure amidst Change Example: Newtonian Laws of Motion #2: We Can Know Nature Humans are a part of nature Human behavior can be explained Humans exhibit patterns conducive to investigation
- 7. #3: Natural Phenomena Have Natural Causes #4: Nothing is Self-Evident #5: Knowledge Based on Experience Empirical investigation evidence for relationships Importance of Perception #6: Knowledge is Superior to Ignorance Knowledge for knowledge’s sake Findings open to continual review
- 10. DEDUCTIVE REASONING “Theory Before Research” ConstructTheory/Model Select Proposition toTest Formulate Research Project If hypothesis rejected, make changes to theory If hypothesis NOT rejected, select next hypothesis INDUCTIVE REASONING “Research BeforeTheory” Investigate Phenomena Measure Attributes Analyze Data, Discern Patterns If Patterns Found, ConstructTheory
- 12. “Gold standard” of science You have made predictions today. X causesY X is present Can predictY
- 15. Quantitative Analysis Large “N” Mathematics and Statistical Methods General Patterns of Human Behavior Qualitative Analysis Small “N” Few Cases / Observations Field Studies, Interviewing, Direct Observation
- 17. 1) Define the Question 2) Gather Materials and Resources 3) Develop / BuildTheory 4) Form Hypotheses 5) Conduct Experiment and Gather Data 6) Analyze Data 7) Draw Conclusions 8) Publish Results for Peer Review 9) Retest by Others
- 18. 1) Research Question 2)Theory 3) Hypotheses 4) Analysis
- 20. What is a concept? Idea or mental construct representing real world
- 22. IndependentVariable – “Effect” DependentVariable – “Cause’
- 24. THEORIES General explanations of how and why the world works EmpiricalTheories Observation Evidence NormativeTheories Values Judgments HYPOTHESES Proposed explanations or “educated guesses” for why something occurs Testable Statement Relationship between independent and dependent variables