This document discusses the structure and functions of the United States Congress. It outlines that Congress is divided into two chambers, the House of Representatives and the Senate. The House has 435 voting members elected by population, while the Senate has 100 members with 2 per state elected via state legislatures. Congress passes laws, declares war, regulates commerce, and oversees the executive branch through powers enumerated in the Constitution. The document also examines congressional leadership positions, the committee system, and the legislative process.
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An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
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We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
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The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
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The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
12. SYMBOLIC
REPRESENTATION
Represents positive values
about politics and govt.
DESCRIPTIVE
REPRESENTATION
Representation includes
race, ethnicity, gender
Congress looks like America
Former President Obama speaks
to students in Arlington, VA
17. #1: Lawmaking
Enumerated Powers (Article I, Section 8)
“Necessary and Proper Clause”, Implied Powers
#2:War and Foreign Policy
Formal Declarations and Military Operations
#3: Regulation of Commerce
Monopolies, Labor Unions, Wages, Discrimination
#4: Appropriations
“Power of the Purse”
18. #5: Impeachment
“High Crimes and Misdemeanors”
House brings charges; Senate conducts trial
#6: Oversight
Hearings, Feedback, Reports, Investigations
#7:Treaties and Appointments
Senate ratifies treaties, confirms appointments
#8:Taxation
All bills for raising revenue must originate in the House.
19.
20. Is this a district or state I can win?
Can I beat my opponent?
Issue of Incumbency Advantage
Can I get money to run winning campaign?
How are the national trends running?
21.
22.
23.
24.
25. Speaker of the House: Nancy Pelosi (D-CA)
Presiding officer of the House
Leader and chief spokesperson for majority party
House Majority Leader: Steny Hoyer (D-MD)
Works with Speaker on party agenda
Coordinates with committees on legislation
House Minority Leader: Kevin McCarthy (R-CA)
Highest-ranking minority party member
Spokesman for minority and crafts agenda
26.
27. President of the Senate: VP Mike Pence
Presides over Senate and votes in case of a tie
Rarely performs this job today
President ProTempore: Chuck Grassley (R-KS)
Majority party senator with longest tenure
Largely ceremonial position
29. Managing party membership
Scheduling Senate business for members
Monitoring deliberations on Senate floor
Intermediary for Congress andWhite House
Representing party/Senate to media
30.
31. Congress is organized into committees.
Majority party has majority of seats on cmte.
Democrats in House
Republicans in Senate
Committee Chair from majority party
Ranking Member from minority party
32. Standing Committees
Permanent Committees
Major Policy Areas (e.g. Budget, Judiciary)
Select or Special Committees
Temporary Committees (e.g. investigations)
Focused on narrow issues
Joint Committees
Both House and Senate membership
Conference Committees
Resolve House and Senate versions of passed legislation
33.
34.
35.
36. Ideas can come from anywhere:
President, Constituents, fellow Congressmen, etc.
Member introduces idea in form of a bill
They are the bill’s sponsor
After bill is introduced, cosponsors can
support the legislation
37.
38. Importance of Jurisdiction
Most bills DIE in committee
Bill assigned to a subcommittee
Smaller group of legislators who focuses on one
part of committee’s issues
39. Testimony on content and impact of a bill
Main Purposes of Hearings:
Draw attention to problem or issue
Advantages and disadvantages to bill
Express constituents’ questions and concerns
40. Subcommittee drafts (marks up) the bill
Bill goes back to full committee
Committee conducts more hearings and
debate on bill
If accepted, bill reported out of committee
41.
42. To proceed to the House floor, all bills must
pass through the House Rules Committee
What is a rule?
Influence of the majority on Rules Cmte.
43. HOLD
Prevents bill from being
voted on for 24 hours
Hold provides:
Information on issue
Concession from leadership or
White House
FILIBUSTER
Endless speeches on topic
Eliminated for executive
and judicial branch
nominees, including
Supreme Court
50. PRESIDENTIAL ACTION RESULT FOR BILL
President approves bill Bill becomes law
President disapproves bill and
vetoes it
Bill goes back to Congress,
where two-thirds majority in
each House can override
President does nothing with
the bill (pocket veto)
Automatically becomes law
within 10 days OR
bill is dead and must be re-
introduced in Congress