Criteria of_scientific_research
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The document outlines the criteria for scientific research and theory, including that results must be objective and based on facts, not opinions. Research must also be parsimonious, autonomous from outside influence, published publicly so others can check and repeat experiments, assessed critically by the scientific community through peer review, able to correct mistakes and change over time, and admit that findings might not be certain. The cycle of scientific research is also described as moving from theory to collecting data through empirical research and analysis to induction and deduction.
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Most of the research organizations rely on a variety of methods for promoting integrity in the research. They establish organizational components to comply with regulations imposed by an external environment. They offer educational programs to teach the elements of the responsible conduct of research and they implement policies and procedures that delineate the normative practices of responsible research and establish criteria for rewards and recognition; and they develop processes to evaluate and enforce institutional behaviour. To establish a basis for organizational learning and continuous quality improvement, organizations should simultaneously implement processes for evaluating their efforts to foster responsible conduct of research.
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Criteria of_scientific_research
- 1. What counts as scientific research (or theory) and what does not?
- 2. The criteria for scientific research 1. Objectivity – Results must be based on facts, not on opinions. 2. Parsimony – sparing in proposed entities, explanations 3. Autonomy – Any non-scientific instance must not influence the results and their interpretation. 4. Publicity – The results and methods are published so that anybody can check the them and repeat the experiments 5. Critical – All results are assessed by the scientific community (peer review) 6. Progress and change – Science corrects its own mistakes and changes. 7. Tentative – admits that it might not be correct, does not assert certainty
- 3. • n
- 4. The cycle of scientific research theory the organised hypotheses data collecting data empirical research analysing data empirical research operationalisation induction deduction starting point: practical interest or curiosity
- 5. Science as an enterprise that produces knowledge research strategy tools research process system of object of study knowledge marketing reporting reporters reports users adaptors intellectuals other scientists collegues researcher, research group tools system of knowledge