Myocarditis is an inflammation of the heart muscle that is usually caused by a viral or bacterial infection. Symptoms can include fever, fatigue, muscle aches, difficulty breathing, and abnormal heart rhythms. Diagnosis involves electrocardiograms, blood tests to check for elevated infection markers and cardiac enzymes, and endomyocardial biopsy. Treatment focuses on treating the underlying infection, reducing the heart's workload through bed rest and medication, and monitoring for signs of heart failure or arrhythmias.

1. MYOCARDITIS

2. • Myocarditis is a focal or diffuse inflammation of
the myocardium

3. Etiology and
pathophysiology
• Myocarditis usually results from a viral, bacterial,
mycotic, parasitic, protozoal,
• It also may occur in patients after acute systemic
infections such as rheumatic fever,
• In those receiving immunosuppressive therapy,
or in those with infective endocarditis.

4. Pathophysiology

5. Clinical Manifestations
• The symptoms of acute myocarditis depend on the
• type of infection,
• the degree of myocardial damage,
• capacity of the myocardium to recover
S/S
Fever
Fatigue
myalgias
pharyngitis
dyspnoea, lymphadenopathy

6. DIAGNOSTIC STUDIES
• History and physical examination
• ECG- dysrhythmias
• Lab test- elevated WBC,ESR,CRP Levels
elevated cardiac biomarkers
Endomyocardial biopsy

7. Management
• The patient receives specific treatment for the underlying
cause if it is known (eg, penicillin for hemolytic
streptococci) and is placed on bed rest to decrease the
cardiac workload
• Digoxin
• Diuretics
• Bed rest
• Oxygen therapy

8. Nursing management
• The nurse assesses the patient’s temperature to
determine whether the disease is subsiding
• The cardiovascular assessment focuses on signs and
symptoms of heart failure and dysrhythmia
• Elastic compression stockings and passive and active
exercises should be used,