SlideShare a Scribd company logo
PneumoniaPneumonia
Dr. Walaa NasrDr. Walaa Nasr
Lecturer of Adult NursingLecturer of Adult Nursing
Second yearSecond year
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
 Out linesOut lines
 DefinitionDefinition
 Classification of pneumoniaClassification of pneumonia
 According to causesAccording to causes
 According to area involvedAccording to area involved
 Mode of transmissionMode of transmission
 Predisposing factorsPredisposing factors
 PathophysiologyPathophysiology
 Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations
 Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests
 Medical managementMedical management
 Nursing interventionNursing intervention
 Preventive measuresPreventive measures
 PrognosisPrognosis
 ComplicationsComplications Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
DefinitionDefinition
Is an inflammatoryIs an inflammatory
process of the lungprocess of the lung
parenchymaparenchyma that isthat is
commonly caused bycommonly caused by
infectious agents.infectious agents.
Brought to you
Classification of
pneumonia
According to causesAccording to causes
 BacterialBacterial (the most common cause of(the most common cause of
pneumonia)pneumonia)
 ViralViral pneumoniapneumonia
 FungalFungal pneumoniapneumonia
 ChemicalChemical pneumonia (ingestion ofpneumonia (ingestion of
kerosene or inhalation of irritatingkerosene or inhalation of irritating
substance)substance)
 InhalationInhalation pneumonia (aspirationpneumonia (aspiration
pneumonia)pneumonia)
Brought to you
Classification of pneumonia (cont…(
According to areas involvedAccording to areas involved
 Lobar pneumonia; if one or more
lobe is involved
 Broncho-pneumonia; the
pneumonic process has
originated in one or more bronchi
and extends to the surrounding
lung tissue.
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Mode of transmission
Ways you can get pneumonia include:Ways you can get pneumonia include:
 Bacteria and viruses living in your nose,Bacteria and viruses living in your nose,
sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.
 You may breathe some of these germsYou may breathe some of these germs
directly into your lungs (droplets infection).directly into your lungs (droplets infection).
 You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit,You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit,
or fluids from the mouth into your lungsor fluids from the mouth into your lungs
((aspiration pneumonia).
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Predisposing factors
 Immuno-suppresed patients
 Cigarette smoking
 Difficult swallowing (due to stroke,
dementia,parkinsons disease, or other
neurological conditions)
 Impaired consciousness ( loss of brain
function due to dementia, stroke, or
other neurological conditions)
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Predisposing factors
 Chronic lung disease (COPD,
bronchostasis)
 Frequent suction
 Other serious illness such as
heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and
DM
 Recent cold, laryngitis or flu
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pathophysiology
 The streptococci reach the alveoli and
lead to inflammation and pouring of an
exudates into the air spaces.
 WBCs migrates to alveoli, the alveoli
become more thick due to its filling
consolidation, involved areas by
inflammation are not adequately
ventilated, due to secretion and edema.
This will lead to partial occlusion of alveoli
and bronchi causing a decrease in
alveolar oxygen content.
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pathophysiology (cont…(
 Venous blood that goes to
affected areas without being
oxygenated and returns to the
heart. This will lead to arterial
hypoxemia and even death due
to interference with ventilation.
Brought to you
PneumoniaPneumonia
Clinical manifestations
 SShaking chillshaking chills
 RRapidly rising fever ( 39.5 to 40.5 degree)apidly rising fever ( 39.5 to 40.5 degree)
 SStabbing chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughingtabbing chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughing
 TTachypnea, nasal flaringachypnea, nasal flaring
 PPatient is very ill and lies on the affected side to decrease painatient is very ill and lies on the affected side to decrease pain
 UUse of accessory muscles of respiration e.g. abdomen andse of accessory muscles of respiration e.g. abdomen and
intercostals musclesintercostals muscles
 CCough with purulent, blood tinged, rusty sputumough with purulent, blood tinged, rusty sputum
 SShortness of breathhortness of breath
 FFlushed cheekslushed cheeks
 LLoss of appetite, low energy, and fatigueoss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue
 CCyanosed lips and nail bedsyanosed lips and nail beds
Brought to you
 History takingHistory taking
 Physical examinationPhysical examination
 Chest x-rayChest x-ray
 Blood testBlood test
 Sputum cultureSputum culture
Pneumonia
Diagnostic tests
Brought to you
 Antibiotic, depending on sputum
and blood culture
 Oxygen therapy

Chest physiotherapy
Pneumonia
Medical management
Brought to you
Pneumonia
Nursing interventionNursing intervention
 Maintain a patent airway andMaintain a patent airway and
adequate oxygenation.adequate oxygenation.
 Obtain sputum specimens asObtain sputum specimens as
needed.needed.
 Use suction if the patient canUse suction if the patient can ’’tt
produce a specimen.produce a specimen.
 perform chest physiotherapy.perform chest physiotherapy.
Brought to you
Pneumonia
Nursing intervention (contNursing intervention (cont……((
 Provide a high calorie, high protein dietProvide a high calorie, high protein diet
of soft foods.of soft foods.
 To prevent aspiration during nasogastricTo prevent aspiration during nasogastric
tube feedings, check the position of tube,tube feedings, check the position of tube,
and administer feedings slowly.and administer feedings slowly.
 To control the spread of infection,To control the spread of infection,
dispose secretions properly.dispose secretions properly.
Brought to you
Pneumonia
Nursing intervention (contNursing intervention (cont……((
 Provide a quiet, calm environment, with frequent rest
periods.
 Monitor the patient’s ABG levels, especially if he’s
hypoxic.
 Assess the patient’s respiratory status. Auscultate
breath sounds at least every 4 hours.
 Monitor fluid intake and output.
 Evaluate the effectiveness of administered
medications.
 Explain all procedures to the patient and family.
Brought to you
Pneumonia
Preventive measures
 Frequent turning of bed ridden patients and
early ambulation as much as possible.
 Coughing and breathing techniques.
 Sterilization of respiratory therapy
equipment
 Suctioning of secretion in the unconscious
who have poor cough and swallowing
reflexes, to prevent aspiration of secretions
and its accumulation.Brought to you
Pneumonia
Prognosis
With treatment, most
patients will improve
within 2 weeks. Elderly
or very sick patients
may need longer
treatment.
Brought to you
Pneumonia
Complications
 Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
 Pleural effusionPleural effusion
 Lung abscessesLung abscesses
 Respiratory failure (which requires mechanicalRespiratory failure (which requires mechanical
ventilator)ventilator)
 Sepsis, which may lead to organ failureSepsis, which may lead to organ failure
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzTcy6M3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzTcy6M3
poM&feature=relatedpoM&feature=related
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=nhUT5BfAFicv=nhUT5BfAFic
Brought to you
011-25464531,011-41425180,011-
66217387
+91-9818308353+,91-
9818569476
othermotherindia@gmail.com
www.other-mother.in
https://www.facebook.com/pages/Other-Mother-Nursing-Crusade/224235031114989?
ref=hl
http://www.linkedin.com/profile/view?id=326103341&trk=nav_responsive_tab_profile
https://twitter.com/othermotherindi
https://cparveen.wix.com/other-mother
A WORLDWIDE MISSITION
Contact Us:-
JOIN US

More Related Content

What's hot

Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
Prasad CSBR
 
Empyema
EmpyemaEmpyema
Empyema
salman habeeb
 
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
Karunesh Kumar
 
Atelectasis
AtelectasisAtelectasis
Atelectasis
Abhay Rajpoot
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
Pinky Rathee
 
Pneumonia seminar presentaation
Pneumonia seminar presentaationPneumonia seminar presentaation
Pneumonia seminar presentaation
GAMANDEEP
 
Copd
CopdCopd
Acute respiratory failure ppt
Acute respiratory failure pptAcute respiratory failure ppt
Acute respiratory failure ppt
Mahesh Chand
 
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsAsthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Swatilekha Das
 
Pneumonia
Pneumonia Pneumonia
Pneumonia
Sameh Abdel-ghany
 
Lungs abscess
Lungs abscessLungs abscess
Lungs abscess
Abhay Rajpoot
 
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusionPleural effusion
Pleural effusion
ANILKUMAR BR
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
Nursing Path
 
Empyema
EmpyemaEmpyema
Empyema
GAMANDEEP
 
Emphyisema
EmphyisemaEmphyisema
Emphyisema
Abhay Rajpoot
 
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
:Bronchiectasis :  Nursing Management:Bronchiectasis :  Nursing Management
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
V4Veeru25
 
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusionPleural effusion
Pleural effusion
Abhay Rajpoot
 
Emphysema
EmphysemaEmphysema

What's hot (20)

Chronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitisChronic bronchitis
Chronic bronchitis
 
Empyema
EmpyemaEmpyema
Empyema
 
Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis Bronchiectasis
Bronchiectasis
 
Atelectasis
AtelectasisAtelectasis
Atelectasis
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Pneumonia seminar presentaation
Pneumonia seminar presentaationPneumonia seminar presentaation
Pneumonia seminar presentaation
 
Copd
CopdCopd
Copd
 
Acute respiratory failure ppt
Acute respiratory failure pptAcute respiratory failure ppt
Acute respiratory failure ppt
 
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing StudentsAsthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
Asthma- Easy PPT for Nursing Students
 
Pneumonia
Pneumonia Pneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Lungs abscess
Lungs abscessLungs abscess
Lungs abscess
 
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusionPleural effusion
Pleural effusion
 
Emphysema
EmphysemaEmphysema
Emphysema
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Empyema
EmpyemaEmpyema
Empyema
 
Lung abscess
Lung abscessLung abscess
Lung abscess
 
Emphyisema
EmphyisemaEmphyisema
Emphyisema
 
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
:Bronchiectasis :  Nursing Management:Bronchiectasis :  Nursing Management
:Bronchiectasis : Nursing Management
 
Pleural effusion
Pleural effusionPleural effusion
Pleural effusion
 
Emphysema
EmphysemaEmphysema
Emphysema
 

Similar to Pneumonia

Pneumonia
Pneumonia Pneumonia
Pneumonia
HariomSuman
 
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic ApproachRespiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
Dr. Ankit Gaur
 
Pneumonia in children by shivam
Pneumonia in children by shivamPneumonia in children by shivam
Pneumonia in children by shivam
Shivam Gautam
 
Croup syndrome.pptx
Croup syndrome.pptxCroup syndrome.pptx
Croup syndrome.pptx
ShamiPokhrel2
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
rohanphaphe
 
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdfPneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
LankeSuneetha
 
Oxygenation nursing process
Oxygenation  nursing processOxygenation  nursing process
Oxygenation nursing process
Aashish Parihar
 
Pneumonia summary
Pneumonia summaryPneumonia summary
Pneumonia summary
Catherine Par
 
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangementUpper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
ANILKUMAR BR
 
Bronchiolitis & Nursing care
Bronchiolitis & Nursing careBronchiolitis & Nursing care
Bronchiolitis & Nursing care
V4Veeru25
 
Pediatric pneumonia.pptx
Pediatric pneumonia.pptxPediatric pneumonia.pptx
Pediatric pneumonia.pptx
DrHananTork
 
Pneumonia (1).pdf
 Pneumonia (1).pdf Pneumonia (1).pdf
Pneumonia (1).pdf
Gargee karadkar
 
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
Manisha Thakur
 
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic SinusitisChronic Sinusitis
Chronic Sinusitis
Alyssa Dennis
 
Pneumonia in english
Pneumonia in  englishPneumonia in  english
Pneumonia in english
MY STUDENT SUPPORT SYSTEM .
 
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal DisordersDental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
Dr. Ishaan Adhaulia
 

Similar to Pneumonia (20)

Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Pneumonia
Pneumonia Pneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic ApproachRespiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
Respiratory Tract Infections- A Pharmacotherapeutic Approach
 
Pneumonia in children by shivam
Pneumonia in children by shivamPneumonia in children by shivam
Pneumonia in children by shivam
 
Croup syndrome.pptx
Croup syndrome.pptxCroup syndrome.pptx
Croup syndrome.pptx
 
Pneumonia
PneumoniaPneumonia
Pneumonia
 
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdfPneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
Pneumonia, causes, risk factors, treatment.pdf
 
Oxygenation nursing process
Oxygenation  nursing processOxygenation  nursing process
Oxygenation nursing process
 
Pneumonia summary
Pneumonia summaryPneumonia summary
Pneumonia summary
 
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangementUpper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
Upper respiratory disorders and nursing mangement
 
Bronchiolitis & Nursing care
Bronchiolitis & Nursing careBronchiolitis & Nursing care
Bronchiolitis & Nursing care
 
Pediatric pneumonia.pptx
Pediatric pneumonia.pptxPediatric pneumonia.pptx
Pediatric pneumonia.pptx
 
Pneumonia (1).pdf
 Pneumonia (1).pdf Pneumonia (1).pdf
Pneumonia (1).pdf
 
Copd
CopdCopd
Copd
 
upper and lower of respiratory system
upper and lower of respiratory system upper and lower of respiratory system
upper and lower of respiratory system
 
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
PEDIATRIC: Upper respiratory tract infectionS in children: SINUSITIS, NASOPHA...
 
Chronic Sinusitis
Chronic SinusitisChronic Sinusitis
Chronic Sinusitis
 
Pneumonia in english
Pneumonia in  englishPneumonia in  english
Pneumonia in english
 
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal DisordersDental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
Dental Management of Respiratory & Adrenal Disorders
 
Waterlily
WaterlilyWaterlily
Waterlily
 

More from Other Mother

`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
Other Mother
 
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attackIn us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
Other Mother
 
Sun safety strategies for resort employees
Sun safety strategies for resort employeesSun safety strategies for resort employees
Sun safety strategies for resort employees
Other Mother
 
Transport operations
Transport operationsTransport operations
Transport operations
Other Mother
 
Aiims faculty wants hirings on hold
Aiims faculty wants hirings on holdAiims faculty wants hirings on hold
Aiims faculty wants hirings on hold
Other Mother
 
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hcForced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
Other Mother
 
A project to marijuana abuse
A project to marijuana abuseA project to marijuana abuse
A project to marijuana abuse
Other Mother
 
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environmentHow pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
Other Mother
 
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cellsNow, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
Other Mother
 
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
Other Mother
 
Cloud over colon cancer blood test
Cloud over colon cancer blood testCloud over colon cancer blood test
Cloud over colon cancer blood test
Other Mother
 
Gm mosquitoes to fight malaria
Gm mosquitoes to fight malariaGm mosquitoes to fight malaria
Gm mosquitoes to fight malaria
Other Mother
 
Sea of trash
Sea of trashSea of trash
Sea of trash
Other Mother
 
India faces diabetes explosion
India faces diabetes explosionIndia faces diabetes explosion
India faces diabetes explosion
Other Mother
 
Heart disease, cholesterol not linked
Heart disease, cholesterol not linkedHeart disease, cholesterol not linked
Heart disease, cholesterol not linked
Other Mother
 
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
Other Mother
 
Stress and coping
Stress and copingStress and coping
Stress and coping
Other Mother
 
Evolution of contraception
Evolution of  contraceptionEvolution of  contraception
Evolution of contraception
Other Mother
 
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babiesToxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
Other Mother
 
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
Other Mother
 

More from Other Mother (20)

`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
`Selfie elbow' becoming new med condition
 
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attackIn us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
In us, one in nine men at risk of heart attack
 
Sun safety strategies for resort employees
Sun safety strategies for resort employeesSun safety strategies for resort employees
Sun safety strategies for resort employees
 
Transport operations
Transport operationsTransport operations
Transport operations
 
Aiims faculty wants hirings on hold
Aiims faculty wants hirings on holdAiims faculty wants hirings on hold
Aiims faculty wants hirings on hold
 
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hcForced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
Forced to leave us, jobless researcher drags centre to hc
 
A project to marijuana abuse
A project to marijuana abuseA project to marijuana abuse
A project to marijuana abuse
 
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environmentHow pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
How pizza shops, steakhouses harm environment
 
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cellsNow, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
Now, `guided chemo missiles' that target only cancer cells
 
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
`Not equal, some disabled need spl care'
 
Cloud over colon cancer blood test
Cloud over colon cancer blood testCloud over colon cancer blood test
Cloud over colon cancer blood test
 
Gm mosquitoes to fight malaria
Gm mosquitoes to fight malariaGm mosquitoes to fight malaria
Gm mosquitoes to fight malaria
 
Sea of trash
Sea of trashSea of trash
Sea of trash
 
India faces diabetes explosion
India faces diabetes explosionIndia faces diabetes explosion
India faces diabetes explosion
 
Heart disease, cholesterol not linked
Heart disease, cholesterol not linkedHeart disease, cholesterol not linked
Heart disease, cholesterol not linked
 
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
1st `tampon disease' vaccine developed
 
Stress and coping
Stress and copingStress and coping
Stress and coping
 
Evolution of contraception
Evolution of  contraceptionEvolution of  contraception
Evolution of contraception
 
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babiesToxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
Toxins in sippy cups a threat to babies
 
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
70% of indians eat non veg, but veg diet getting popular
 

Recently uploaded

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of TastePhysiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
MedicoseAcademics
 
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxPharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore KarnatakaFlu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
addon Scans
 
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeNovas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
 
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdfPictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
د.محمود نجيب
 
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists  Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Saeid Safari
 
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfKnee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
vimalpl1234
 
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptxCervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
KafrELShiekh University
 
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdfPhysiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
MedicoseAcademics
 
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdfNon-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
MedicoseAcademics
 
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for DoctorsHow to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
LanceCatedral
 
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in DehradunDehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
chandankumarsmartiso
 
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptxTriangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Dr. Rabia Inam Gandapore
 
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptxHow STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
FFragrant
 
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdfAlcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Dr Jeenal Mistry
 
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW  AND  APPLICATORSBRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW  AND  APPLICATORS
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS
Krishan Murari
 
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
NEHA GUPTA
 
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
bkling
 

Recently uploaded (20)

Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of TastePhysiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
Physiology of Special Chemical Sensation of Taste
 
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptxPharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
Pharynx and Clinical Correlations BY Dr.Rabia Inam Gandapore.pptx
 
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore KarnatakaFlu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnataka
 
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidadeNovas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
Novas diretrizes da OMS para os cuidados perinatais de mais qualidade
 
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdfPictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
Pictures of Superficial & Deep Fascia.ppt.pdf
 
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologistsKDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
KDIGO 2024 guidelines for diabetologists
 
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists  Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
 
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfKnee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdf
 
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptxCervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
Cervical & Brachial Plexus By Dr. RIG.pptx
 
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE examOphthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
Ophthalmology Clinical Tests for OSCE exam
 
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdfPhysiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
Physiology of Chemical Sensation of smell.pdf
 
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdfNon-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
Non-respiratory Functions of the Lungs.pdf
 
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for DoctorsHow to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
How to Give Better Lectures: Some Tips for Doctors
 
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in DehradunDehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
Dehradun #ℂall #gIRLS Oyo Hotel 9719300533 #ℂall #gIRL in Dehradun
 
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptxTriangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
Triangles of Neck and Clinical Correlation by Dr. RIG.pptx
 
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptxHow STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
How STIs Influence the Development of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease.pptx
 
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdfAlcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
Alcohol_Dr. Jeenal Mistry MD Pharmacology.pdf
 
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW  AND  APPLICATORSBRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW  AND  APPLICATORS
BRACHYTHERAPY OVERVIEW AND APPLICATORS
 
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....New Drug Discovery and Development .....
New Drug Discovery and Development .....
 
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?
 

Pneumonia

  • 1. PneumoniaPneumonia Dr. Walaa NasrDr. Walaa Nasr Lecturer of Adult NursingLecturer of Adult Nursing Second yearSecond year Brought to you
  • 2. PneumoniaPneumonia  Out linesOut lines  DefinitionDefinition  Classification of pneumoniaClassification of pneumonia  According to causesAccording to causes  According to area involvedAccording to area involved  Mode of transmissionMode of transmission  Predisposing factorsPredisposing factors  PathophysiologyPathophysiology  Clinical manifestationsClinical manifestations  Diagnostic testsDiagnostic tests  Medical managementMedical management  Nursing interventionNursing intervention  Preventive measuresPreventive measures  PrognosisPrognosis  ComplicationsComplications Brought to you
  • 3. PneumoniaPneumonia DefinitionDefinition Is an inflammatoryIs an inflammatory process of the lungprocess of the lung parenchymaparenchyma that isthat is commonly caused bycommonly caused by infectious agents.infectious agents. Brought to you
  • 4. Classification of pneumonia According to causesAccording to causes  BacterialBacterial (the most common cause of(the most common cause of pneumonia)pneumonia)  ViralViral pneumoniapneumonia  FungalFungal pneumoniapneumonia  ChemicalChemical pneumonia (ingestion ofpneumonia (ingestion of kerosene or inhalation of irritatingkerosene or inhalation of irritating substance)substance)  InhalationInhalation pneumonia (aspirationpneumonia (aspiration pneumonia)pneumonia) Brought to you
  • 5. Classification of pneumonia (cont…( According to areas involvedAccording to areas involved  Lobar pneumonia; if one or more lobe is involved  Broncho-pneumonia; the pneumonic process has originated in one or more bronchi and extends to the surrounding lung tissue. Brought to you
  • 6. PneumoniaPneumonia Mode of transmission Ways you can get pneumonia include:Ways you can get pneumonia include:  Bacteria and viruses living in your nose,Bacteria and viruses living in your nose, sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.sinuses, or mouth may spread to your lungs.  You may breathe some of these germsYou may breathe some of these germs directly into your lungs (droplets infection).directly into your lungs (droplets infection).  You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit,You breathe in (inhale) food, liquids, vomit, or fluids from the mouth into your lungsor fluids from the mouth into your lungs ((aspiration pneumonia). Brought to you
  • 7. PneumoniaPneumonia Predisposing factors  Immuno-suppresed patients  Cigarette smoking  Difficult swallowing (due to stroke, dementia,parkinsons disease, or other neurological conditions)  Impaired consciousness ( loss of brain function due to dementia, stroke, or other neurological conditions) Brought to you
  • 8. PneumoniaPneumonia Predisposing factors  Chronic lung disease (COPD, bronchostasis)  Frequent suction  Other serious illness such as heart disease, liver cirrhosis, and DM  Recent cold, laryngitis or flu Brought to you
  • 9. PneumoniaPneumonia Pathophysiology  The streptococci reach the alveoli and lead to inflammation and pouring of an exudates into the air spaces.  WBCs migrates to alveoli, the alveoli become more thick due to its filling consolidation, involved areas by inflammation are not adequately ventilated, due to secretion and edema. This will lead to partial occlusion of alveoli and bronchi causing a decrease in alveolar oxygen content. Brought to you
  • 10. PneumoniaPneumonia Pathophysiology (cont…(  Venous blood that goes to affected areas without being oxygenated and returns to the heart. This will lead to arterial hypoxemia and even death due to interference with ventilation. Brought to you
  • 11. PneumoniaPneumonia Clinical manifestations  SShaking chillshaking chills  RRapidly rising fever ( 39.5 to 40.5 degree)apidly rising fever ( 39.5 to 40.5 degree)  SStabbing chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughingtabbing chest pain aggravated by respiration and coughing  TTachypnea, nasal flaringachypnea, nasal flaring  PPatient is very ill and lies on the affected side to decrease painatient is very ill and lies on the affected side to decrease pain  UUse of accessory muscles of respiration e.g. abdomen andse of accessory muscles of respiration e.g. abdomen and intercostals musclesintercostals muscles  CCough with purulent, blood tinged, rusty sputumough with purulent, blood tinged, rusty sputum  SShortness of breathhortness of breath  FFlushed cheekslushed cheeks  LLoss of appetite, low energy, and fatigueoss of appetite, low energy, and fatigue  CCyanosed lips and nail bedsyanosed lips and nail beds Brought to you
  • 12.  History takingHistory taking  Physical examinationPhysical examination  Chest x-rayChest x-ray  Blood testBlood test  Sputum cultureSputum culture Pneumonia Diagnostic tests Brought to you
  • 13.  Antibiotic, depending on sputum and blood culture  Oxygen therapy  Chest physiotherapy Pneumonia Medical management Brought to you
  • 14. Pneumonia Nursing interventionNursing intervention  Maintain a patent airway andMaintain a patent airway and adequate oxygenation.adequate oxygenation.  Obtain sputum specimens asObtain sputum specimens as needed.needed.  Use suction if the patient canUse suction if the patient can ’’tt produce a specimen.produce a specimen.  perform chest physiotherapy.perform chest physiotherapy. Brought to you
  • 15. Pneumonia Nursing intervention (contNursing intervention (cont……((  Provide a high calorie, high protein dietProvide a high calorie, high protein diet of soft foods.of soft foods.  To prevent aspiration during nasogastricTo prevent aspiration during nasogastric tube feedings, check the position of tube,tube feedings, check the position of tube, and administer feedings slowly.and administer feedings slowly.  To control the spread of infection,To control the spread of infection, dispose secretions properly.dispose secretions properly. Brought to you
  • 16. Pneumonia Nursing intervention (contNursing intervention (cont……((  Provide a quiet, calm environment, with frequent rest periods.  Monitor the patient’s ABG levels, especially if he’s hypoxic.  Assess the patient’s respiratory status. Auscultate breath sounds at least every 4 hours.  Monitor fluid intake and output.  Evaluate the effectiveness of administered medications.  Explain all procedures to the patient and family. Brought to you
  • 17. Pneumonia Preventive measures  Frequent turning of bed ridden patients and early ambulation as much as possible.  Coughing and breathing techniques.  Sterilization of respiratory therapy equipment  Suctioning of secretion in the unconscious who have poor cough and swallowing reflexes, to prevent aspiration of secretions and its accumulation.Brought to you
  • 18. Pneumonia Prognosis With treatment, most patients will improve within 2 weeks. Elderly or very sick patients may need longer treatment. Brought to you
  • 19. Pneumonia Complications  Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)  Pleural effusionPleural effusion  Lung abscessesLung abscesses  Respiratory failure (which requires mechanicalRespiratory failure (which requires mechanical ventilator)ventilator)  Sepsis, which may lead to organ failureSepsis, which may lead to organ failure  http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzTcy6M3http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MzTcy6M3 poM&feature=relatedpoM&feature=related  http://www.youtube.com/watch?http://www.youtube.com/watch? v=nhUT5BfAFicv=nhUT5BfAFic Brought to you