Slides giving an overview on pH and its measurement.
Contains information about pH meters, its calibration, maintenance , types of ph electrode and modern definition of pH
pH Measurement Principles and Best Measurement Practices | WebinarXylem Inc.
The pH presentation begins with an introduction of how a pH electrode actually works.
After establishing these basics, we cover the different structures that make up an electrode, which will lead us into electrode selection.
Perhaps the most practical portion of this webinar is focused on calibration, measurement, maintenance, and storage tips. After selecting an electrode, these tips will ensure the data you collect is accurate… and repeatable.
pH Measurement Principles and Best Measurement Practices | WebinarXylem Inc.
The pH presentation begins with an introduction of how a pH electrode actually works.
After establishing these basics, we cover the different structures that make up an electrode, which will lead us into electrode selection.
Perhaps the most practical portion of this webinar is focused on calibration, measurement, maintenance, and storage tips. After selecting an electrode, these tips will ensure the data you collect is accurate… and repeatable.
Analytical Measurements: Troubleshooting, Maintenance and the FutureISA Boston Section
Focuses on measurement of pH, ORP (Redox), and Conductivity and aspects related to inline measurement of these critical analytical parameters. Discussion topics include scientific theory, measurement challenges, proper troubleshooting, installation, key applications, and the future of analytical measurements
Analytical Measurements: Troubleshooting, Maintenance and the FutureISA Boston Section
Focuses on measurement of pH, ORP (Redox), and Conductivity and aspects related to inline measurement of these critical analytical parameters. Discussion topics include scientific theory, measurement challenges, proper troubleshooting, installation, key applications, and the future of analytical measurements
Magical Mystery Tour of High Purity pH Measurements Yokogawa1
The measurement of high purity pH samples in power applications presents significant challenges to understand, apply and maintain analysis instrumentation. The source of the additional “magic” is the fact that high purity samples by their very nature have a very low conductivity, which presents its own set of issues and challenges in comparison to routine pH measurements. The presentation will explore the theory of pH and how it can be successfully applied in high purity applications, discuss both standard and solution temperature compensation, review installation requirements, and illustrate good calibration and maintenance procedures to facilitate satisfactory measurements.
In this webinar we will:
Review the theory behind the measurement of pH
Discuss the issues surrounding high purity pH measurements
Illustrate the difference between standard and solution temperature compensation
Assess installation requirements for successful measurements
Clarify good calibration and maintenance procedures
DIFFERENT pH MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUE.pdfSayanKundu50
I have described here about pH measurement Technique.Hope you have understood that what is pH and what are the pH measurement technique generally used. Thank you. You can share it. I have tried my best to provide my knowledge to you all
The aim of this book is to give a representative description of pH measurement in the process industries. The actual sensor, the pH electrode, is therefore the main focus of the text. Correct sensor use is fundamental for a meaningful pH measurement. Accordingly, both practical and theoretical requirements are discussed in depth so that the measuring principle is understood and an accurate measurement made possible.
The first section (practical considerations) of the book describes the sensor, and the other elements that constitute a pH measurement system. Together with a troubleshooting diagram, this section gives the information needed in order to ensure the correct working of the pH electrodes for long periods of time. The second, application orientated section gives solutions to different measuring tasks, giving examples from the lab and from industry. The last, theoretical part explains the basis of the pH measurement and completes, by further explanation, the information given in the first section. In addition, this book is outlined to be a useful tool in solving different measuring tasks. Thereby it can be read either in its totality or in parts.
Low conductivity water pH measurement with traditional glass electrode and calibrated by high conductivity buffer is erroneous. There is standard which talk about it.
Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics - Basic concepts for clin...Prasenjit Mitra
This set of slides gives an overview regarding the various omics technologies available and how they can be used for improvement in clinical setting or research
This set of slides deals with the common question that budding researchers or students have regarding how to write in a scientific journal. It briefly showcases the importance of planning and productivity to become better in the writing process.
A presentation on aminoaciduria as inborn errors of metabolism, with emphasis on the screening test ...had some animations which enhanced the presentation...but slideshare does not allow animations... so maybe dull and boring for some...
THE IMPORTANCE OF MARTIAN ATMOSPHERE SAMPLE RETURN.Sérgio Sacani
The return of a sample of near-surface atmosphere from Mars would facilitate answers to several first-order science questions surrounding the formation and evolution of the planet. One of the important aspects of terrestrial planet formation in general is the role that primary atmospheres played in influencing the chemistry and structure of the planets and their antecedents. Studies of the martian atmosphere can be used to investigate the role of a primary atmosphere in its history. Atmosphere samples would also inform our understanding of the near-surface chemistry of the planet, and ultimately the prospects for life. High-precision isotopic analyses of constituent gases are needed to address these questions, requiring that the analyses are made on returned samples rather than in situ.
Observation of Io’s Resurfacing via Plume Deposition Using Ground-based Adapt...Sérgio Sacani
Since volcanic activity was first discovered on Io from Voyager images in 1979, changes
on Io’s surface have been monitored from both spacecraft and ground-based telescopes.
Here, we present the highest spatial resolution images of Io ever obtained from a groundbased telescope. These images, acquired by the SHARK-VIS instrument on the Large
Binocular Telescope, show evidence of a major resurfacing event on Io’s trailing hemisphere. When compared to the most recent spacecraft images, the SHARK-VIS images
show that a plume deposit from a powerful eruption at Pillan Patera has covered part
of the long-lived Pele plume deposit. Although this type of resurfacing event may be common on Io, few have been detected due to the rarity of spacecraft visits and the previously low spatial resolution available from Earth-based telescopes. The SHARK-VIS instrument ushers in a new era of high resolution imaging of Io’s surface using adaptive
optics at visible wavelengths.
Nutraceutical market, scope and growth: Herbal drug technologyLokesh Patil
As consumer awareness of health and wellness rises, the nutraceutical market—which includes goods like functional meals, drinks, and dietary supplements that provide health advantages beyond basic nutrition—is growing significantly. As healthcare expenses rise, the population ages, and people want natural and preventative health solutions more and more, this industry is increasing quickly. Further driving market expansion are product formulation innovations and the use of cutting-edge technology for customized nutrition. With its worldwide reach, the nutraceutical industry is expected to keep growing and provide significant chances for research and investment in a number of categories, including vitamins, minerals, probiotics, and herbal supplements.
Earliest Galaxies in the JADES Origins Field: Luminosity Function and Cosmic ...Sérgio Sacani
We characterize the earliest galaxy population in the JADES Origins Field (JOF), the deepest
imaging field observed with JWST. We make use of the ancillary Hubble optical images (5 filters
spanning 0.4−0.9µm) and novel JWST images with 14 filters spanning 0.8−5µm, including 7 mediumband filters, and reaching total exposure times of up to 46 hours per filter. We combine all our data
at > 2.3µm to construct an ultradeep image, reaching as deep as ≈ 31.4 AB mag in the stack and
30.3-31.0 AB mag (5σ, r = 0.1” circular aperture) in individual filters. We measure photometric
redshifts and use robust selection criteria to identify a sample of eight galaxy candidates at redshifts
z = 11.5 − 15. These objects show compact half-light radii of R1/2 ∼ 50 − 200pc, stellar masses of
M⋆ ∼ 107−108M⊙, and star-formation rates of SFR ∼ 0.1−1 M⊙ yr−1
. Our search finds no candidates
at 15 < z < 20, placing upper limits at these redshifts. We develop a forward modeling approach to
infer the properties of the evolving luminosity function without binning in redshift or luminosity that
marginalizes over the photometric redshift uncertainty of our candidate galaxies and incorporates the
impact of non-detections. We find a z = 12 luminosity function in good agreement with prior results,
and that the luminosity function normalization and UV luminosity density decline by a factor of ∼ 2.5
from z = 12 to z = 14. We discuss the possible implications of our results in the context of theoretical
models for evolution of the dark matter halo mass function.
The increased availability of biomedical data, particularly in the public domain, offers the opportunity to better understand human health and to develop effective therapeutics for a wide range of unmet medical needs. However, data scientists remain stymied by the fact that data remain hard to find and to productively reuse because data and their metadata i) are wholly inaccessible, ii) are in non-standard or incompatible representations, iii) do not conform to community standards, and iv) have unclear or highly restricted terms and conditions that preclude legitimate reuse. These limitations require a rethink on data can be made machine and AI-ready - the key motivation behind the FAIR Guiding Principles. Concurrently, while recent efforts have explored the use of deep learning to fuse disparate data into predictive models for a wide range of biomedical applications, these models often fail even when the correct answer is already known, and fail to explain individual predictions in terms that data scientists can appreciate. These limitations suggest that new methods to produce practical artificial intelligence are still needed.
In this talk, I will discuss our work in (1) building an integrative knowledge infrastructure to prepare FAIR and "AI-ready" data and services along with (2) neurosymbolic AI methods to improve the quality of predictions and to generate plausible explanations. Attention is given to standards, platforms, and methods to wrangle knowledge into simple, but effective semantic and latent representations, and to make these available into standards-compliant and discoverable interfaces that can be used in model building, validation, and explanation. Our work, and those of others in the field, creates a baseline for building trustworthy and easy to deploy AI models in biomedicine.
Bio
Dr. Michel Dumontier is the Distinguished Professor of Data Science at Maastricht University, founder and executive director of the Institute of Data Science, and co-founder of the FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reusable) data principles. His research explores socio-technological approaches for responsible discovery science, which includes collaborative multi-modal knowledge graphs, privacy-preserving distributed data mining, and AI methods for drug discovery and personalized medicine. His work is supported through the Dutch National Research Agenda, the Netherlands Organisation for Scientific Research, Horizon Europe, the European Open Science Cloud, the US National Institutes of Health, and a Marie-Curie Innovative Training Network. He is the editor-in-chief for the journal Data Science and is internationally recognized for his contributions in bioinformatics, biomedical informatics, and semantic technologies including ontologies and linked data.
Richard's entangled aventures in wonderlandRichard Gill
Since the loophole-free Bell experiments of 2020 and the Nobel prizes in physics of 2022, critics of Bell's work have retreated to the fortress of super-determinism. Now, super-determinism is a derogatory word - it just means "determinism". Palmer, Hance and Hossenfelder argue that quantum mechanics and determinism are not incompatible, using a sophisticated mathematical construction based on a subtle thinning of allowed states and measurements in quantum mechanics, such that what is left appears to make Bell's argument fail, without altering the empirical predictions of quantum mechanics. I think however that it is a smoke screen, and the slogan "lost in math" comes to my mind. I will discuss some other recent disproofs of Bell's theorem using the language of causality based on causal graphs. Causal thinking is also central to law and justice. I will mention surprising connections to my work on serial killer nurse cases, in particular the Dutch case of Lucia de Berk and the current UK case of Lucy Letby.
7. pH meter --Glass Electrode
Glass Electrode
Membrane
Inner Buffer
Lead-off Element
Shield
Fig Measuring (Glass) electrode
8. pH Reference Electrode
Porous ceramic junction
Electrolyte
Reference Element
Refill opening
Reference Electrode
Reference electrolyte
•Inert
•High ion concentration Low electrical resistance
•Contact with measuring solution
Popular Reference Systems
•Mercury/calomel
•Silver/Silver chloride
Fig Reference electrode
9. pH meter –Combination Electrode
Membrane
Inner Buffer
Combination Electrode
Lead-off Element
Reference Element
Reference Electrolyte
Fig Combination electrode
10. pH meter-Working principle
Glass Electrode
Reference Electrode
The potential of glass electrode is measured against that of reference electrode
퐸=퐸0+ 2.303푅푇 푛퐹 log aH+
Standard potential
when aH+ = 1mol/L
Nernst potential (EN)/Slope factor
Change in potential per pH unit.
Depends on absolute temperature
Fig Closed circuit of pH meter
12. Inner Buffer
H+= Constant
Li+
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
SiO2
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
Li+
SiO2
pH meter –working principle
Inner gel layer
Outer gel layer
Measuring Solution
H+
H+
Fig Magnified view of membrane with ion model
13. Calibration of pH meter
The measuring electrode and reference electrode, when put in a zero solution (7.0 pH buffer) provides a zero mV output.
Factors causing differences or changes in potential
•Contamination of the reference electrolyte solution.
•Electrolyte evaporation/depletion
•Chemical attack of the silver/silver chloride wire.
•Junction potential.
•Aging of the measuring electrode.
14. Calibration of pH meter
+mv
pH
-mv
0
Before calibration
7
After calibration
14
+mv
pH
-mv
0
56.0
Before calibration
7
After calibration
14
59.2
15. Calibration of pH meter
2 point calibration
Multi point calibration
Fig pH meter with calibrators
16. Errors in determination of pH
Alkaline error
Acidic error
Due to reactivity of reference electrolyte
Error due to temperature variation
17. Temperature Compensation
Typeof Solution
pH value at
200C
300C
0.001Mol/L HCl
3.00
3.00
0.001 Mol/L NaOH
11.17
10.83
PhosphateBuffer
7.43
7.40
TrisBuffer
7.84
7.56
Table –Changes in pH with change in temperature
The linear function for temperature versus pH change 0.003 pH error/pH unit/°C
18. Automated temperature compensation (ATC)
+mv
pH
-mv
0
Real isothermal intersection point
Theoretical isothermal intersection point
Error
Eis
T2
T1
19. Maintenance & Storage of pH electrode
Dehydration
Dehydration of glass electrode
Dehydration of reference electrode
Factors detrimental to electrode life
Chemical attack
Stripping of gel layer
Transport
Avoidance of freezing, extreme heat, mechanical shock and vibration
Storage
At ambient temperatures (10- 30 0C)
Capped
Ideal storage solution 3 -3.5 M KCl solution
20. Definition of pH –a misnomer
•Concentration versus activity
•Activity depends on ionic strength of a solution
•푝퐻=−log퐻 + ×푓푤ℎ푒푟푒푓푖푠푎푐푡푖푣푖푡푦푐표−푒푓푓푖푐푖푒푛푡
•Activity co-efficient depends on total molality of a solution
Molality
0.001
0.005
0.01
0.05
0.1
Activity co-efficient
0.964
0.935
0.915
0.857
0.829
pH of 0.01 M HCl
= -log (0.01 x 0.915)
=2.04
pH of 0.01 M HClwith 0.09 M KCl
= -log (0.01 x 0.829)
=2.08
pH is negative logarithm of hydrogen ion activity in a solution
21. References
Principles & Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology –Wilson & Walker
A guide to pH Measurement –Internet
pH and its measurement --Frederick J. Kohlmann
http://chemwiki.ucdavis.edu/
www.hach.com
http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/lab/equipment/phmeter/use.html
www.hannainst.com
www.mrclab.com