Uploaded byPrasenjit Mitra
Understanding writing process
The document emphasizes the importance of medical writing in advancing scientific thought, improving credibility and reputation, and securing research funding. It outlines the writing process, including prewriting, drafting, revising, and publishing, as essential for effectively communicating ideas and research findings. The conclusion highlights good and bad writing habits that influence the quality of papers and the significance of peer review.
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Understanding writing process
- 1. Understanding writing process: Planning & Productivity Dr Prasenjit Mitra All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur
- 2. It is unethicalto conduct a study and not report the findings You have some results that are worth reporting You want to progress scientific thought You want to give credibility to your research team You want your work to reach a broad audience Need for medical writing
- 3. Your track recordwill improve You will add credibility to your reputation You will improve your chance of promotion You are more likely to obtain research grants Need for medical writing
- 4. If you don’tpublish it, you haven’t done it. The credit goes to the guy who publishes first. People who don’t submit their work for peer review do crappy work. Writing things down in a form for others to read makes you understand them better. Writing a paper is the only was you will know what you did six months from now. Some unpublished rules
- 5. Writing that failsto get the desired message across to the target audience Bad writing It’s wrong Language is inappropriate Difficult to follow argument Leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all
- 6.
- 7. Thought • Having some worthwhileresults and ideas to publish Structure • Getting the right things in the right place Style • Choosing the fewest and most appropriate words and using the rules of good grammar Essential for writing process The skill of writing is to create a context in which other people can think – Edwin Schlossberg
- 8.
- 9. Pre-writing Brain storming Listing ClusteringFree writing
- 10. Generate ideas withoutjudging them Pre-writing: Brainstorming
- 11. • Listing isa quick way to gather ideas on paper • Make a list of as many ideas you can think of in a paper Pre-writing: Listing
- 12. Pre-writing: Clustering • Itis a free association that creates a visual image of ideas and their connections. • Clustering helps in conversion of ideas to paragraphs while writing.
- 13.
- 14. Pre-writing: Free writing Write,write, write and Don’t Stop ! Free writing means taking an idea and running with it wherever it leads.
- 15. Pre-writing: Tips Don’t gethung up on grammar and punctuations or spelling at this stage. Try to get and connect all ideas on paper first. Its normal to get off-topic from time to time. Prewrite till you have clear idea of what details you want to use and how might organize it.
- 16. Drafting Organizing ideas intosentences and paragraphs Concentration upon explaining and supporting own ideas fully Developing a main idea, supporting details and a body Primary attention should be the purpose and focus of the work Less attention to spelling, grammar and punctuation
- 17. Revision Reworking on thefirst draft so that ideas are explained in the best way possible Revising is NOT editing Transition from writer-centered to reader-centered • Think about the needs and expectation of readers • Is organisation effective? • Which term needs to be defined for these particular readers? • Do readers need to know X before they can understand Y ?
- 18. Editing Eliminating punctuation grammar and spelling mistakes Shouldbe saved for the end of writing process Spellcheck can be a false friend Proofreading is a MUST
- 19. Publishing Also known asfinal draft Free from spelling or grammatical errors Should be perfect Should be shared with an audience Publish in a journal
- 20. Plan for writinga paper Set framework for document Put ideas on paper Plan topic sentences Construct tables and figures Planning stage Identify the question's to be answered Analyses to be reported Target journal/s
- 21. Good third draft Circulateto peers and co-authors Presentable second draft Circulate to co-authors Grotty first draft Use journal checklists and instructions to authors Plan for writing a paper
- 22. FINAL DOCUMENT Submit tojournal Excellent fourth draft Polish up presentations Revisit checklists Plan for writing a paper
- 23. Planning a draftpaper Section Question to be answered Purpose Introduction Why did you start ? Summarise the context of your study and state the aims clearly Method What did you do? Give enough detail for the study to be repeated Results What did you find ? Describe the study sample and use the data analyses to answer the aims Tables & Figures What do the results show ? Clarify the results Discussion What does it mean? Interpret your findings in context of other literature and describe their potential impact on health care References Who else has done important work in your field? Cite the most relevant and most recent literature
- 24. Writing time ismore productive and less frustrating Peers will give serious consideration to the work Research more likely to lead to publications Grant applications more likely to be funded Expertise will help to become a good reviewer or editor Advantages of a good writing process
- 25. Conclusion • Habits thatwill result in a POOR paper • Procrastinating • One draft paper • Massive self-criticism • Thesaurus abuse • Marriage to first draft • Habits that will result in a GOOD paper • Prewriting • Developing • Revising • Editing • Writing centre • Conferencing • Habits that will guarantee FAILURE • No process • No paper • PLAGIARISM • Publishing in Predatory journals
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Editor's Notes
- #6 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #8 Thought - is a matter of having some worthwhile results and ideas to publish. You need some new results to publish and you need to be able to interpret them correctly. Structure - is simply a matter of getting the right things in the right place. Style - is a matter of choosing the fewest and most appropriate words and using the rules of good grammar.
- #10 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #11 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #12 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #13 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #14 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #15 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #16 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #17 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #18 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #19 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail
- #20 It’s wrong The writing may read easily and appear plausible but, alas, the arguments depend on facts that appear to be, or later turn out to be, not true (see scientific fraud ). There is absolutely no defence for this. The language is inappropriate The author has chosen words and constructions with which the audience is not familiar ( see jargon ). This can be fixed relatively easily, if the will is there. It is difficult to follow the argument The sentences don’t seem to follow on from one another, so that readers find it difficult to understand what is going on (see structure ;yellow marker test ). This can be fixed by altering sentences and paragraphs, though it takes considerable time and is difficult to do well. It leaves the reader wondering why it was written at all These are those pieces of writing that you gamely wade through, but by the end have no idea why (see brief setting ; message ). If the writer cannot define a clear message, then the reader will be unable to, and the writing will be doomed to fail