The document provides information on various environmental toxins and heavy metals including their sources and health effects. It discusses lead poisoning from sources like paint, pipes and cigarettes. Symptoms of lead poisoning include learning disabilities, behavioral issues and anemia. Mercury poisoning can occur from elemental, inorganic or organic mercury sources. Organic mercury poisoning causes neurological symptoms. Aluminum exposure comes from various materials and is implicated in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases. Cyanide poisoning inhibits cytochrome oxidase and can be fatal. Pesticides like DDT accumulate in tissues while organophosphates inhibit acetylcholinesterase. Air pollutants from industries and vehicles cause respiratory and heart diseases. The document also outlines toxic substances in food from natural and
Heavy metals and its effects on plants and environmentHaider Ali Malik
Heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth’s crust , but indiscriminate human activities have drastically altered their geochemical cycles and biochemicals balance.
Any toxic metals may be called heavy metals.
Since heavy metals have a propensity to accumulate in selective body organs.
The average safety levels in food or water are often misleading high.
Heavy is any metal or metalloid of environmental concern.
Heavy metals are metallic element that have relatively high density usually greater than 5 g/cm3, or their density is greater than the density of water.
Dr. Walter Crinnion, one of the leading experts on environmental medicine and toxicology, shares his observations on the toxic burden we bear in modern society.
Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It involves observing and reporting symptoms that arise following exposure to toxic substances.
Heavy metals and its effects on plants and environmentHaider Ali Malik
Heavy metals are natural constituents of the earth’s crust , but indiscriminate human activities have drastically altered their geochemical cycles and biochemicals balance.
Any toxic metals may be called heavy metals.
Since heavy metals have a propensity to accumulate in selective body organs.
The average safety levels in food or water are often misleading high.
Heavy is any metal or metalloid of environmental concern.
Heavy metals are metallic element that have relatively high density usually greater than 5 g/cm3, or their density is greater than the density of water.
Dr. Walter Crinnion, one of the leading experts on environmental medicine and toxicology, shares his observations on the toxic burden we bear in modern society.
Toxicology is the scientific study of adverse effects that occur in living organisms due to chemicals. It involves observing and reporting symptoms that arise following exposure to toxic substances.
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
Toxicity is a function of solubility. Insoluble compounds as well as the metallic forms often exhibit negligible toxicity. The toxicity of any metal depends on its ligands. Heavy metal toxicity can result in damaged or reduced mental and central nervous function, lower energy levels, and damage to blood composition, lungs, kidneys, liver, and other vital organs.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
This ppt covers sources, natural and anthropogenic processes, and impacts of heavy metals pollution on environment with Mechanisms of Remediating Heavy Metals.
Toxicity is a function of solubility. Insoluble compounds as well as the metallic forms often exhibit negligible toxicity. The toxicity of any metal depends on its ligands. Heavy metal toxicity can result in damaged or reduced mental and central nervous function, lower energy levels, and damage to blood composition, lungs, kidneys, liver, and other vital organs.
The term heavy metal refers to any metallic chemical element that has a relatively high density and is toxic or poisonous at low concentrations.
Heavy metals are Globally distributed
pollutants
Presentation on Chemical Hazards in Industry and protection of workers, diagnosis of adverse health effects. Creating their awareness and guidance to Doctors.
A molecule not consisting of carbon atoms.
Any molecule that is not considered organic, or not of biological origin.
Inorganics include salts, metals, substances made from single elements and any other compounds that don't contain carbon bonded to hydrogen.
table salt or sodium chloride, NaCl.
carbon dioxide, CO2.
Humans are exposed to these metals by ingestion (drinking or eating) or inhalation (breathing).
Working in or living near an industrial site which utilizes these metals and their compounds increases ones risk of exposure.
We all are familiar with the poisonous nature of lead metal .Sources of contamination , lead exposure pathways ,health effects, preventive strategies ,individual level strategies ,diagnosis , management ,preventive measures , treatment both after acute and chronic attacks are discussed . These all topics will help the Researchers , scholars , educators and learners in developing their basic concepts about the topic.
Textile processing toxicity and health hazard. Green Environment Ideas (Bangl...md sohag miah
Textile processing toxicity and health hazard. (Bangladesh perspective)
Presentation on green chemistry: Donghua University, Shanghai. China.
This PPT mainly describes the textile dyes and chemically made health hazards to the workers and surrounding environmental peoples of the textile industry (of Bangladesh).
Tattoo at your own risk. Tattoos can be safe or hazardous depending on your preparation for the tattoo. Talk to the tattoo artist. Ask them what carrier solution they use. Ask them the composition of their ink. Choose your colors by which colors are least toxic. Make sure the tattoo artist's shop has an active Health Department certificate
Genomics, Transcriptomics, Proteomics, Metabolomics - Basic concepts for clin...Prasenjit Mitra
This set of slides gives an overview regarding the various omics technologies available and how they can be used for improvement in clinical setting or research
This set of slides deals with the common question that budding researchers or students have regarding how to write in a scientific journal. It briefly showcases the importance of planning and productivity to become better in the writing process.
A presentation on aminoaciduria as inborn errors of metabolism, with emphasis on the screening test ...had some animations which enhanced the presentation...but slideshare does not allow animations... so maybe dull and boring for some...
Slides giving an overview on pH and its measurement.
Contains information about pH meters, its calibration, maintenance , types of ph electrode and modern definition of pH
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
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Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
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Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
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Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
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Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
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- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
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2. Lead poisoning
Sources
• Lead is the most common environmental poison in India.
• Paint is the major source for exposure, especially in children, as they bite
painted toys. Paint is peeled off as small flakes from walls of living rooms.
• Lead pipes are important sources for contamination.
• Newspapers and photocopies contain lead, which is adsorbed to fingertips.
• One pack of cigarette contains 15 μg of lead.
• Lead chromate is commonly used as adulterant in curcumin.
• Battery repair, radiator repair, soldering, painting and printing are
occupations prone to get lead poisoning.
3. Lead poisoning
Signs and Symptoms of Lead Poisoning
• Lead is a cumulative non-biodegradable poison and is accumulated in tissues over
the years. 90% of lead is seen in bones, 9% in blood and 1% in brain and kidneys.
• BLL >10 μg/dL in children and >25 μg/dL in adults leads to toxic manifestations.
• Miscarriage, still birth and premature birth are reported in lead poisoning of
mothers.
• In children, mental retardation, learning disabilities, behavioral problems,
hyperexcitability and seizures are seen.
• Lead particularly inhibits delta aminolevulinic acid (ALA) synthase and ALA
dehydratase → Anemia.
• BLL >70 μg/dL → Acute toxicity as encephalopathy, convulsions, mania, neuropathy,
abdominal colic, severe anemia
4. Lead poisoning
Treatment of Lead Poisoning
• Calcium dodecyl edetate (Calcium disodium versenate)
• Penicillamine and Dimercaprol [British anti-Lewisite (BAL)]
• Dimercaptosuccinic acid is a better but costly antidote.
6. Mercury poisoning
It is the most common industrial poison.
Source for poisoning: Elemental, inorganic or organic mercury.
Elemental Mercury
• Poisoning can occur by inhalation of mercury vapor from broken thermometers,
sphygmomanometers or from dental amalgam.
• In acute poisoning, pulmonary edema and encephalopathy may result.
• A classical triad of (a) oral lesions (gingivitis, salivation and stomatitis), (b) tremor and (c)
psychological changes (insomnia, shyness, emotional instability, memory loss) are the hallmark
of chronic elemental mercury poisoning. This is called erethism (Mad Hatter's disease).
Inorganic Mercury
• Poisoning may arise from calomel (cathartic), topical medicines and in plastic industry. Acute
effects include gingivitis, gastritis, vomiting and pulmonary edema. In chronic cases, erethism
is seen.
7. Mercury poisoning
Organic Mercury poisoning (Minimata Disease)
• Poisoning may occur from paints, fungicides and cosmetics.
• From mercury salt wastes, the bacteria synthesize methyl mercury (CH3–Hg+) → enters
into fish. Eating of such fish is the most common cause for organic mercury poisoning.
• Classical triad: Dysarthria, ataxia and visual field constriction.
• Normal level of mercury in blood is <1 mg/dL. When it is increased to 2–5 mg/dL,
symptoms of toxicity appear. A level of 15 mg/dL is fatal.
• Dimercaprol derivatives, D-penicillamine and N-acetylcysteine can increase the excretion
of mercury and are useful in treatment.
8. Aluminium poisoning
Exposure is from packing and
building materials, paint
pigments, insulating
materials, cosmetics,
antacids and aluminum
cooking vessels.
Tolerable upper limit of
absorption is 1 mg/day. Only
up to 100 μg/day can be
eliminated through urine.
Aluminum stimulates
production of free radicals.
It prevents absorption of
calcium, phosphorus and
iron.
It interferes with heme
synthesis.
Aluminum precipitates
Alzheimer precursor proteins
and may lead to Alzheimer’s
disease.
It is also involved in
Parkinson’s disease.
Osteomalacia and microcytic
hypochromic anemia are
other manifestations of
toxicity.
9. Cyanide poisoning
Cyanide causes tissue anoxia by chelating the ferric ions of cytochrome oxidase.
Poisoning may be due to suicidal attempts.
Industrial exposure: in the persons working with hydrocyanic (prussic) acid or with
potassium cyanide.
Ingestion of amygdalin, present in kernels of certain fruits (apricots, almonds,
peaches) is also a common cause.
Dicobalt edetate (kelocyanor) is the antidote, which chelates cyanide. Another
method is to give sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate intravenously. The nitrite
converts hemoglobin to methemoglobin. Ferric ion of Met-Hb takes up cyanide as
cyanmethemoglobin, so that cytochrome oxidase is now free of cyanide.
But in practice, death is instantaneous, and time may not be available for the
treatment.
10. Pesticides and Insecticides
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT)
• It is fat-soluble and deposited in the adipose tissue. It is not excreted.
Thus, concentration inside the body goes on increasing. Many antifungal agents are
having long-term effects of depressed spermatogenesis and fertility.
Organophosphorus Compounds
• Organophosphorus (ORP) and organocarbamates (ORC) are the common pesticides
and organosulfur compounds (dithiocarbamates) are fungicides. Organophosphorus
compounds, Parathion and Malathion are powerful.
• Neurotoxic agents → They inhibit acetylcholine esterase, through phosphorylation of
the active center of the enzyme. Thus, the transfer of nerve impulse across synapses
is prevented.
• Diagnosis depends on the estimation of cholinesterase in serum and RBC.
• The antidote is atropine sulfate and cholinesterase re-activators (diacetyl monoxime
or pralidoxime).
11. Air pollutants
The permissible level of total suspended particles (TSPs) in air is 230 mg/cu m.
A chemical other than those conventionally accepted in the composition of clean air is called a contaminant.
A contaminant that occurs in the atmosphere in sufficiently high concentrations to cause an adverse effect is
called a pollutant.
The main natural sources of pollution are due to forest fires, dust storms and air-borne particles.
Suspended particulate matter like dust and soot, also adds to the contamination of air.
The major artificial sources of pollution arise due to emissions from automobiles, industry and power plants.
These are carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen, oxides of sulfur and lead.
12. Air pollutants
The poisonous mixture of smoke, fog, air and other chemicals is called smog. The chemically reducing
smog is derived from the combustion of coal and oil, and contains sulfur dioxide (SO2), sulfur trioxide (SO3),
mixed with soot.
Exacerbations of bronchitis were associated with high concentrations of smoke and sulfur oxide. Children
living in polluted areas show diminished ventilatory function.
Heart diseases are also related to pollutants such as ozone, sulfur dioxide, sulfates and cadmium in the air.
High level of carbon monoxide decreases ability to concentrate and decreases visual threshold.
Inhalation of air-borne lead can cause neurological disturbances.
13. Common
Industrial
Pollutants
Agents Causative Industry Acute manifestation Chronic
manifestation
• Acid fumes (H2
SO4 , HNO3 )
Fertilizers, chlorinated
organic compounds,
dyes, explosives,
plastics
Mucous membrane
irritation followed by
chemical pneumonitis
Chronic bronchitis
• Cyanides Electroplating,
extraction of gold or
silver, manufacture of
fumigants
Increased respiratory
rate; respiratory arrest;
lactic acidosis
No data
• Formaldehyde Resins, rubber;
laboratory works;
urethane foam
Same as for acid
fumes
Cancers in
animals; no data
in humans
15. Toxic substances present in Foodstuff
Protease inhibitors
• Many legumes (soy bean, field bean, peanut), cereals (corn) and tubers (potato, sweet potato) contain
trypsin inhibitors. They are destroyed by cooking. But partially cooked food may have this activity, inhibiting
digestion and absorption of amino acids.
Goitrogens
• They prevent iodine uptake or utilization by thyroid gland.
• Thiooxazolidone is present in cabbage, radish, turnip and Brussels sprouts.
• Thiocyanates and isothiocyanates are seen in mustard and other oilseeds.
Antivitamins
• Orange peel, used in making orange marmalade, contains citral, which inhibits vitamin A activity.
• Linseed oil, which contains linetin, interferes with pyridoxine utilization.
• Black berries and red cabbage contain thiaminase, which destroys vitamin B1.
• Raw eggs, containing avidin, can lead to biotin deficiency.
Toxins Normally Present in Plants
16. Toxic substances present in Foodstuff
Cyanogenic glycosides: Cereals (sorghum), legumes (lima beans) and tubers (tapioca
or cassava) contain cyanogenic compounds, which on hydrolysis produce hydrocyanic
acid → they are highly toxic when taken raw → toxins can be removed by cooking and
decanting the supernatant water.
Favism: Ingestion of uncooked broad bean (Vicia faba) may cause hemolytic anemia in
susceptible persons with glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (GPD) deficiency.
Alkaloids: Some mushrooms contain poisonous alkaloids. In small quantities, they
produce nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, etc. In large quantities, it may produce acute
necrosis of liver and death may result.
Pressor amines: They increase the blood pressure. Histamine, tyramine, tryptamine,
serotonin and epinephrine are present in significant quantities in plantains, banana
and cheese. Tyramine is present in cheese, wine and beer.
Toxins Normally Present in Plants
17. Toxic substances present in Foodstuff
Fungal infections: During postharvest storage, contamination with
fungus is very common.
Aspergillus flavus produces aflatoxins, which are hepatotoxic and
carcinogenic.
The fungus grows in moist conditions in groundnut, coconut, rice,
maize, wheat, etc.
Ergot (Claviceps purpurea): It is the fungus that usually grows in
moist food grains (rye, millet, wheat, barley, bajra).
Ergotamine, ergotoxin and ergometrine are present in this fungus.
The toxins may produce peripheral vascular contraction, causing
gangrene in extremities → Ergotism.
Contamination Occurring during Cultivation
• This is due to pesticides and insecticides. These toxins could be removed by repeated washing and by peeling of outer layers
of vegetables and fruits
Storage Contamination
18. Toxic substances present in Foodstuff
Lathyrism: It is characterized by paralysis of lower limbs.
It is seen in persons consuming large quantities of Lathyrus sativus
(Khesari dal).
Neurotoxins present in Lathyrus cause damage of upper motor neurons.
The toxic principle Is beta oxalyl amino alanine (BOAA). It inhibits lysyl
oxidase, resulting in reduced cross-linking in collagen.
Argemone oil: Mustard oil may be adulterated with argemone oil.
This is from a wild plant, Argemone mexicana.
Argemone oil contains the alkaloid, sanguinarine which causes vomiting,
diarrhea, congestive cardiac failure and edema. It is then called epidemic
dropsy.
Contamination during Food Processing
• Mineral oils: Petroleum products are used to extract oil from seeds.
These solvent residues may remain in the extracted oil. Mineral oils have hepatotoxic and carcinogenic properties
Adulterants
19. Toxic substances present in Foodstuff
Monosodium glutamate (Ajinomoto):
• It is a common food additive.
• Packets of mono sodium glutamate carry the statutory warning that it is unsuitable for children below the age of 5.
• It produces transient symptoms like numbness and palpitation.
• It may deteriorate mental alertness in children.
Toxins Entering during Food Preparation
20. Common
Household
Pollutants
Item Pollutant Effect
Furniture, Carpets,
Vinyl floor tiles ,wall
paper
Volatile organic
compounds (VOCs)
Irritant / mutagenic /
carcinogenic
Air freshners and
deodorants
Formaldehyde Irritant and carcinogen
Bleach Hypochlorite Corrosive, irritant
Disinfectants Hypochlorite, phenol Irritant, toxic to respiratory
system, skin and eyes
Drain cleaner Sodium and potassium
hydroxide
Corrosive