This document discusses pH and methods of measuring pH. It begins with an overview of pH and what it measures. It then describes the pH scale and how pH values are calculated from hydrogen ion concentration. Various pH indicators and their color changes in different pH ranges are presented in a table. The document mainly focuses on using a pH meter with glass electrodes to accurately measure pH. It provides details on operating, calibrating, and storing measurements with a pH meter. Buffer solutions used for calibration are also described.
Pdf - water bath - Laboratory Applications.Ameen ALzaidy
water bath..
هذا العرض التقديمي يتحدث عن الحمام المائي المستعمل بالمختبرات العلمية بشكل واسع بالتجارب الكيميائية .....
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https://t.me/GoldenAlzaidy
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youtubeروابط لمشاهدة هذا الجهاز على اليوتيوب....
1- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDd74KsIUME
2- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzvOQUifFRY
3- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM6nAkFbW1U
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
Pdf - water bath - Laboratory Applications.Ameen ALzaidy
water bath..
هذا العرض التقديمي يتحدث عن الحمام المائي المستعمل بالمختبرات العلمية بشكل واسع بالتجارب الكيميائية .....
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https://t.me/GoldenAlzaidy
..........................................................................
__
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_______________________________
youtubeروابط لمشاهدة هذا الجهاز على اليوتيوب....
1- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bDd74KsIUME
2- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JzvOQUifFRY
3- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hM6nAkFbW1U
For More Medicine Free PPT - http://playnever.blogspot.com/
For Health benefits and medicine videos Subscribe youtube channel - https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLKg-H-sMh9G01zEg4YpndngXODW2bq92w
CONCENTRATIONS TECHNIQUES IN PARASITOLOGY PRESENTATION.pptxShreyayadav91
INTRODUCTION
Concentration procedure separate parasites from fecal debris and increase the chances of detecting parasitic organisms when these are in small numbers.
If number of organisms in stool specimen is low, examination of a direct wet mount may not detect parasites.
Thus, whenever possible, the stool should be concentrated.
Advantages
Maximizes the numbers of organisms detected which may be too scanty to be seen by direct microscopy alone. Worm eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts may be recovered.
Disadvantages
Destroys trophozoite stages. Most concentration methods destroy trophozoites stages.
Concentration techniques can be classified as the floatation or sedimentation methods.
Floatation technique
Here solutions with higher specific gravity than the organisms to be floated so that the organisms rise to the top and debris sink to the bottom.
Principle
This technique involves suspending the specimen in a medium of greater density than that of the helminthic eggs and protozoan cysts.
Eggs and cysts float to the top and are collected by placing a glass slides on the surface of the meniscus at the top of the tube.
Floatation Methods includes:
Saturated salt solution technique
Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation
Sugar floatation technique
Saturated salt solution technique
Procedure:
About half tea spoon (about 4 gm) of fresh stool or preserved stool in a flat bottomed container with 20 ml capacity.
Now, few drops of saturated salt solution (specific gravity 1.20) is added and stirred to make a fine emulsion.
More salt solution is added with stirring throughout to fill the container up to the brim, until a convex meniscus is formed.
A glass slide (3”*2”) is carefully laid on the top of the container so that the center is in contact with the fluid.
This preparation is allowed to stand for 20 minutes after which the glass slide is quickly lifted and examined under microscope after putting coverslip.
Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation
Procedure
Make a fine suspension of about 1 g of feces in 10 m L of water and strain through gauze to remove coarse particles.
Collect the liquid in a small test tube and centrifuge for 1 minute at 2,500 revolutions per minute. Pour off the supernatant, add water, resuspend, and centrifuge in the same manner, repeating the process, till the supernatant is clear.
Pour off the clear supernatant, add a small quantity of zinc sulfate solution (specific gravity 1.18- 1.2) and resuspend the sediment well.
Add zinc sulfate solution to a little below the brim and centrifuge at 2,500 revolution per minute for 1 minute.
Take samples care fully from the surface, using a wire loop, transfer to slide and examine under the microscope. A drop of dilute iodine helps to bring out the protozoan cysts in a better way.
This technique is useful for protozoan cysts and eggs of nematodes and small tapeworms, but it does not detect unfertilized roundworm eggs, nematode larvae, and eggs of most trematodes and large tapeworms.
Slides giving an overview on pH and its measurement.
Contains information about pH meters, its calibration, maintenance , types of ph electrode and modern definition of pH
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
Table Top Hydrazine Meter,Microprocessor Based Hydrazine Meter,Bench-top Hydrazine Sensor, Quality Benchtop Hydrazine Moniters,Portable Table Top Hydrazine Sensor,Weiber Hydrazine Analytical Instruments For More Information Please Logon http://cutt.us/Bjy1
CONCENTRATIONS TECHNIQUES IN PARASITOLOGY PRESENTATION.pptxShreyayadav91
INTRODUCTION
Concentration procedure separate parasites from fecal debris and increase the chances of detecting parasitic organisms when these are in small numbers.
If number of organisms in stool specimen is low, examination of a direct wet mount may not detect parasites.
Thus, whenever possible, the stool should be concentrated.
Advantages
Maximizes the numbers of organisms detected which may be too scanty to be seen by direct microscopy alone. Worm eggs, larvae, and protozoan cysts may be recovered.
Disadvantages
Destroys trophozoite stages. Most concentration methods destroy trophozoites stages.
Concentration techniques can be classified as the floatation or sedimentation methods.
Floatation technique
Here solutions with higher specific gravity than the organisms to be floated so that the organisms rise to the top and debris sink to the bottom.
Principle
This technique involves suspending the specimen in a medium of greater density than that of the helminthic eggs and protozoan cysts.
Eggs and cysts float to the top and are collected by placing a glass slides on the surface of the meniscus at the top of the tube.
Floatation Methods includes:
Saturated salt solution technique
Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation
Sugar floatation technique
Saturated salt solution technique
Procedure:
About half tea spoon (about 4 gm) of fresh stool or preserved stool in a flat bottomed container with 20 ml capacity.
Now, few drops of saturated salt solution (specific gravity 1.20) is added and stirred to make a fine emulsion.
More salt solution is added with stirring throughout to fill the container up to the brim, until a convex meniscus is formed.
A glass slide (3”*2”) is carefully laid on the top of the container so that the center is in contact with the fluid.
This preparation is allowed to stand for 20 minutes after which the glass slide is quickly lifted and examined under microscope after putting coverslip.
Zinc sulfate centrifugal floatation
Procedure
Make a fine suspension of about 1 g of feces in 10 m L of water and strain through gauze to remove coarse particles.
Collect the liquid in a small test tube and centrifuge for 1 minute at 2,500 revolutions per minute. Pour off the supernatant, add water, resuspend, and centrifuge in the same manner, repeating the process, till the supernatant is clear.
Pour off the clear supernatant, add a small quantity of zinc sulfate solution (specific gravity 1.18- 1.2) and resuspend the sediment well.
Add zinc sulfate solution to a little below the brim and centrifuge at 2,500 revolution per minute for 1 minute.
Take samples care fully from the surface, using a wire loop, transfer to slide and examine under the microscope. A drop of dilute iodine helps to bring out the protozoan cysts in a better way.
This technique is useful for protozoan cysts and eggs of nematodes and small tapeworms, but it does not detect unfertilized roundworm eggs, nematode larvae, and eggs of most trematodes and large tapeworms.
Slides giving an overview on pH and its measurement.
Contains information about pH meters, its calibration, maintenance , types of ph electrode and modern definition of pH
An absolute eosinophil count is a blood test that measures the number of one type of white blood cells called eosinophils.
Eosinophils become active when you have certain allergic diseases, infections, and other medical conditions.
Table Top Hydrazine Meter,Microprocessor Based Hydrazine Meter,Bench-top Hydrazine Sensor, Quality Benchtop Hydrazine Moniters,Portable Table Top Hydrazine Sensor,Weiber Hydrazine Analytical Instruments For More Information Please Logon http://cutt.us/Bjy1
Volumetric Analysis
Titration Basics
Reaction, End point & Indicators
Types of Titrations
Acid – Base Theory & Principles
Acid Base titration
Non- Aqueous Titration
Precipitation Titration
Complexometric Titration
Oxidation- Reduction Titration
Calculation
General Information
Errors
Volumetric Analysis
Types of titration
Acid- Base Theory
Reaction, End Point & Indicators
Acid- Base titration
Titration curve
Non- Aqueous Titration
Precipitation Titration
Complexometric Titration
Oxidation- Reduction Titration,
Calculation. Errors
General Informations,
Analytical Measurements: Troubleshooting, Maintenance and the FutureISA Boston Section
Focuses on measurement of pH, ORP (Redox), and Conductivity and aspects related to inline measurement of these critical analytical parameters. Discussion topics include scientific theory, measurement challenges, proper troubleshooting, installation, key applications, and the future of analytical measurements
pH is a measure of how acidic or alkaline a solution is. In pure water at room temperature, a small fraction (about two out of every billion) of the water molecules (H 2 O, or really, H-O-H) splits, or dissociates , spontaneously, into one positively charged hydrogen ion (H + ) and one negatively charged hydroxide ion (OH - ) each.For more information please log on http://cutt.us/4ObJ
WRI’s brand new “Food Service Playbook for Promoting Sustainable Food Choices” gives food service operators the very latest strategies for creating dining environments that empower consumers to choose sustainable, plant-rich dishes. This research builds off our first guide for food service, now with industry experience and insights from nearly 350 academic trials.
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Characterization and the Kinetics of drying at the drying oven and with micro...Open Access Research Paper
The objective of this work is to contribute to valorization de Nephelium lappaceum by the characterization of kinetics of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum. The seeds were dehydrated until a constant mass respectively in a drying oven and a microwawe oven. The temperatures and the powers of drying are respectively: 50, 60 and 70°C and 140, 280 and 420 W. The results show that the curves of drying of seeds of Nephelium lappaceum do not present a phase of constant kinetics. The coefficients of diffusion vary between 2.09.10-8 to 2.98. 10-8m-2/s in the interval of 50°C at 70°C and between 4.83×10-07 at 9.04×10-07 m-8/s for the powers going of 140 W with 420 W the relation between Arrhenius and a value of energy of activation of 16.49 kJ. mol-1 expressed the effect of the temperature on effective diffusivity.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024
Measurement of Hydrogen Ion Concentration (pH)
1. Chapter 10
Measurement of hydrogen ion concentration (pH)
1. General
pH is a way of expressing the hydrogen ion concentration in water. It is related to the
acidic or alkaline nature of water. Consideration of hydrogen ion concentration is important
in almost all uses of water. In particular, pH balance is important in maintaining desirable
aquatic ecological conditions in natural waters. pH is also maintained at various levels for
efficient operation of water and wastewater treatment systems such as coagulation,
disinfecting, softening, anaerobic decomposition of wastes, etc. The pH of most natural
waters lies between 6.5 and 8.
2. The pH scale
Pure water dissociates to yield 10"7
moles/L of H+
at 25 °C:
H 2 0 ~ H +
+ 0 H " (1)
Since water dissociates to produce one OH" ion for each H+
ion, it is obvious that 10"7
OH"
ions are produced simultaneously.
The product of [H+
] and [OH"] always remains constant. When the value for one of the
species changes the other also changes accordingly.
[H+
] x [OH] = 10"14
(2)
The large bracket sign, [ ], indicates molar concentration.
The concentration of H+
ions can be increased when compounds are added which release
H+
ions such as H2SO4:
H2SO4—• 2H+
+ S04
2
" (3)
Or preferentially combine with OH" ions when added to water, such as FeCl3.
FeCI3 + 3H2 0 —• Fe(OH)3 + 3H+
+ 3CI" (4)
Note that in either case the product of /H+
7and [OH"] ions remains constant at 10"14
Likewise the concentration of H+
ions can be decreased when compounds are added
which release OH" ions, such as NaOH, or preferentially combine with H+
ions, such as
Na2C03.
Expression of the molar concentration of hydrogen ions is rather cumbersome because of
2. the extremely small values and large variations. To overcome this difficulty, the
concentration is expressed in terms of pH value, which is negative logarithm of the
concentration in moles/L.
pH = - log [H+
] (5)
or [H+
] = 10pH
(6)
Thus the pH value of a sample of water containing 10"7 5
moles/L H+
is 7.5.
Since the product of [H+
] and [OH"] is always a constant, Eq. (2) becomes
log[H+
] +log[OH"]= -14
Or -log[H+
] - log [OH1 = +14
The pH scale is usually represented as ranging from 0 to 14, with pH 7 at 25 °C
representing neutrality. Acid conditions increase as pH values decrease and alkaline
conditions increase as pH values increase.
Acid range Neutral Alkaline range
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
3. Calculating pH
Example calculation
Calculate the pH value for the following cases:
A: [H+
]= a.0.0001
b.0.00005 and
B: [OH"] a 10"8
b. 0.00005 and
c.0.00001
A: [H+
} a. 0.0001
A. 0.00005
pH= -log 10"3
=3
pH= -log 0.00005= -log (5 x10"5
)= - 0.7 +5=4.3
B:[OH"] a. 10"8
b. 0.00005
c. 0.00001
[H+
] x 10"8
= 10"14
, or [H+
] =10"6
Therefore pH=6
—log[H+
]—log [OH"] =14
Therefore pH=14-4.3 =9.7
pH=14 + Iog10"5
=14- 5 =9
3. 4. pH indicators
A number of naturally occurring or synthetic organic compounds undergo definite colour
changes in well-defined pH ranges. A number of indicators that are useful for various pH
ranges are listed in Table 1. The indicators assume different hues within the specified pH
range. These are used as liquid solutions or some as pH papers. The change in colour
occurs over a wide range of pH change and therefore pH value cannot be measured
accurately. Further, the turbidity and colour of the sample may cause interference.
Table 1
Indicator Acid colour Base colour pH
range
Methyl orange Red Yellow orange 3.1-4.6
Methyl red Red Yellow 4.4-6.2
Litmus Red Blue 4.5-8.3
Thymol blue Yellow Blue 8.0-9.6
Phenolphthalein Colourless Pink 8.2-9.8
Alizarin yellow Yellow Lilac 10.1-
11.1
5. pH meter
The use of colour indicators for pH measurements has, to some extent, been superseded
by development of glass electrode. pH meters employing glass-indicating electrodes and
saturated calomel reference electrodes are now commonly used. Such meters are capable
of measuring pH within + 0.1 pH unit. The electrodes, connected to the pH meters are
immersed in the sample and the meter measures the potential developed at the glass
electrode due to hydrogen ion concentration in the sample and displays it directly in pH
units. The pH meters are also equipped with a temperature-compensation adjustment.
The electrodes should be carefully handled and should not be scratched by butting against
the sides of the beaker containing the sample. Follow the manufacturer's instructions for
their care during storage and use. For short-term storage, the glass electrode may be left
immersed in pH 4 buffer solution., Saturated KCI is preferred for the reference electrode.
The glass electrode needs to be soaked in water for at least 12 hours before it is used for
pH measurement.
Buffer solutions & instrument calibration
pH meters have to be calibrated against solutions of known pH values. Standard buffers
are used for this purpose. Buffers are solutions of chemicals of known pH which do not
4. change their pH value upon dilution and resist change of pH when small amounts of acid
or alkali are added to them. Buffer solutions usually contain mixtures of weak acids and
their salts (conjugate bases) or weak bases and their salts (conjugate acids). Buffer has
importance for life forms that usually can survive only within a narrow pH range. Table 2
gives the composition of some commonly used buffers. Buffers of different pH values are
also available commercially.
Table 2 Buffer solutions of known pH
S. No Buffer solution pH at
25°C
Amount of salt to be dissolved in
1000 ml freshly boiled and cooled
and cooled distilled water
1. 0.05 M potassium hydrogen phthalate 4.00 10.12 g KHC8H404
2. 0.025 M potassium dihydrogen
phosphate + 0.025 M disodium
hydrogen phosphate
6.86 3.387 g KH2P04 and 3.533 g Na2HP04
3. 0.01 M sodium borate decahydrate 9.18 3.80 g Na2B407.10 H2 0
It is a good practice to calibrate the pH meter using two buffers. After calibrating with an
initial buffer, use a second buffer within 2 pH units of the sample pH.
5. OPERATION OF THE pH METER
How to measure the pH
1. Connect the pH electrode & temperature sensor to the measuring instrument.
2. Press the on/off Key.(display test appears briefly on the display)
3. Select pH value or redox voltage (mv) with <M>.
4. Immerse the pH electrode in water sample .
5. Press <AR>to switch on the drift control. Wait until measured value is stable and AR
stops flashing.
6. To cancel auto read at any time press <Run/Enter>.
Storing the data
1.Press <STO>Key in the measuring mode(display No. with the number of the next free
memory location.
2. Press <Run/Enter>.
3. Enter the Identification number with < V> <A>.
4. Terminate the save with <Run/Enter>.
How to see data memory
1. Press the <RCL> key in the measuring mode.(display Sto disp)
2. Press <Run/Enter>key (display number at which data store)
3. Press <Run/Enter>key(display identification number)
4. Press <Run/Enter>key (display day .month)
5. Press <Run/Enter>key (display time)
6. Press <M>key to return in measuring mode.
6. Calibration
1. The pH electrode to the measuring instrument.
2. Press the <Cal>key repeatedly untill the display Ct1 and the function display Auto
Cal TEC appears. The sensor symbol displays the evaluation of the last calibration.
3. Immerse the pH electrode in to the first buffer solution (pH-7.0)
4. Press <Run/Enter>key.(the auto read measurement begins. If the measured value
is stable, Ct2 appears.
Note:--At this point, the auto cal TEC calibration can be terminated with <M>.
1. Immerse the two pH electrode in the second buffer solution to continue.
2. Press <Run/Enter>key(the auto read measurement begins.) If the measured value
is stable, the instrument displays the value of the slope and the evaluation of the
two point calibration.
3. Press<Run/Enter>key.(the instrument displays the value of the asymmetry)
4. Switch to the measuring mode with<M>.
5. To set calibration interval, while pressing the <M>key, press <ON/OFF>Key.(display
CAL disp)
6. Press <Run/Enter>key.(display time of calibration display)
7. Set the interval of Calibration with <A > <V >.
Precautions
1. Always keep the electrode wet(with electrolyte in the cap of electrode),if you use it
after 2 or 3 days interval.
2. Keep it in ordinary water if you use continuously.
3. Clean properly with absorbent paper before and after use.
4. Need to Calibrate after a fixed interval.