PEST AND RODENT CONTROL, PERSONNEL HYGIENE
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PEST AND RODENT CONTROL, PERSONNEL HYGIENE NOTES, food safety and standards notes abt 5211 2 year 1 semester
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This document discusses special horticultural practices for vegetable crops under protected cultivation. It begins with an introduction to the speaker and guides for the seminar. It then provides background on India's vegetable production and consumption. The document outlines various training methods used for different crops under protected cultivation, including tomato, capsicum, and cucumber. It also discusses practices like pruning, mulching, and pollination techniques. Overall, the document focuses on production techniques used in protected cultivation systems to maximize vegetable yields.
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2. Carbohydrates are an energy source, building block for other nutrients, and excess is stored as fat. Ruminants can break down fiber while monogastrics cannot.
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Genetic purity testing is important to ensure seeds conform to the characteristics of the intended variety. There are minimum genetic purity standards for different seed classes. Grow-out testing involves growing out the seed sample alongside a standard variety to observe morphological characteristics. For grow-out testing, the seed sample is sown in a controlled environment using recommended agronomic practices. Throughout growth, plants are examined and any off-types compared to the standard variety are recorded. The percentage of off-types is calculated to determine if the sample meets the genetic purity standards. Grow-out testing helps ensure farmers receive true-to-type seeds and seed producers maintain variety integrity.
Maize ppt
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Genetically modified foods are created through recombinant DNA technology, transferring genetic material between species to produce desired traits like pest or virus resistance. Nutritionally improved GM crops also aim to address nutrient deficiencies. Nutraceuticals are foods with health benefits derived from components like terpenes, phytosterols, phenols, and theols found in plants. Organic foods are produced without artificial fertilizers or pesticides, instead using natural methods. Functional foods provide health benefits beyond basic nutrition from antioxidants and other compounds that may protect against diseases. Probiotics are live microorganisms that benefit health by balancing intestinal microbiota while prebiotics feed probiotic bacteria.
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Seed treatment involves subjecting seeds to compounds, processes, or energy to enhance planting value. Historically, seeds were steeped in substances like milk, cow dung, and honey according to Indian scripts. Modern seed treatment effectively controls many seed-borne diseases. Methods include coating seeds with chemicals, pelleting seeds with pesticides and nutrients, and priming seeds by soaking in osmotic solutions. This stimulates germination without radicle emergence. Seed treatment offers local application, reduced rates, protection from sowing, and systemic uptake by plants. Major crops are often treated with fungicides, biocontrol agents like Trichoderma, or insecticides to control various diseases and pests.
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This document discusses seed processing and storage. The objectives of seed processing are to improve quality by removing impurities, maintaining viability and vigor, making handling easier, and increasing value. Methods used for processing include drying, cleaning, grading, packaging, labeling, and treatment. Storage aims to preserve seeds under controlled conditions to prolong viability for long periods. Factors that affect seed longevity are seed type, quality, coat integrity, moisture content, and storage environment. Orthodox seeds can be stored long-term at low temperature and humidity while recalcitrant seeds require different storage methods.
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تکنالوژی تولید تخم بذری گندم......تهیه شده بوسیله پوهنمل محمدصفر علیزوی استاد دیپارتمنت اگرانومی پوهنحی زراعت پوهنتون تخار
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2. The duties and powers of seed inspectors, who are responsible for enforcing the Seed Act and sampling seeds to ensure quality.
3. Offenses and penalties under the Seed Act for selling substandard seeds, including fines and potential imprisonment or property forfeiture for repeat offenses.
4. Key aspects of the Seed Control Order of 1983 and proposed Seed Bill of 2004, which aim to further regulate the seed industry through dealer licensing and variety registration.
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This presentation from the FAO discusses personal hygiene in food production. It outlines that food handlers can contaminate food through direct and indirect contact with microorganisms from their bodies. Proper handwashing, protective clothing, illness policies, and clean facilities are important to prevent contamination. Personal hygiene is a management responsibility that requires training workers and monitoring compliance with hygiene protocols.
Sources Of Contamination And Their Control
The document discusses various types of food contamination including biological, chemical, and physical contaminants. Biological contaminants can enter food through poor hygiene practices, while chemical contaminants may come from excessive pesticide or fertilizer use. Physical contaminants include foreign objects that enter food unintentionally. Contamination can occur directly in food or through cross-contamination between foods, equipment, or people. Proper sanitation, cleaning, separation of raw and cooked foods, and handwashing are recommended to prevent different types of contamination.
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Pulses are a very important source of protein in Indian diets as majority of population is vegetarian. however, the production of pulses is not keeping pace with the growing population in the country. lentil is one of the important Rabi pulses. it is one of the oldest pulse crops and the most nutritious of the pulses. it is also used as a cover crop to check the soil erosion in problem areas. lentil contributes about 6% in total pulses area as well as production of India. It is mostly eaten as "DAL". the pulse is first converted into split pulse or 'dal' by the removal of skin and the separation of the fleshy cotyledons. It is cooked easily and hence preferred. It is good for patients too. Lentil contains about 11% water, 25% protein and 60% carbohydrates. It is also rich in calcium, iron and niacin
Barley Crop production
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Rabi crop
Jau production
Agronomy
Crop production
Package practice for Barley
Barley
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This document discusses different measurement techniques used in food science, including density, phase change, pH, osmosis, surface tension, and colloidal systems. It provides definitions and examples for each measurement. Density is defined as mass per unit volume and is represented by the Greek letter p. Phase changes refer to changes in state, such as freezing or boiling water. pH is defined as the negative logarithm of hydrogen ion concentration and is measured using a pH meter. Osmosis and reverse osmosis describe the diffusion of solvent molecules across a semi-permeable membrane, with or against a concentration gradient. Surface tension is the force per unit length at a liquid's surface. Colloidal systems have particle sizes between true
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This document summarizes the process of hybrid seed production for maize. It discusses selecting appropriate parent lines and maintaining isolation distances between male and female lines. Key steps include planting ratios, detasseling the male plants, roguing undesirable plants, and harvesting when seeds reach proper maturity. Multiple inspections are needed to ensure genetic purity is maintained throughout production. Proper post-harvest handling and storage is also important for high quality hybrid maize seed.
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About the storage of horticultural crops using the advanced technology.Various methods of storage includes: cold storage,controlled atmospheric storage, modified atmospheric storage.
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principles of seed production
The document discusses genetic principles of seed production and certification. It explains that varieties can deteriorate due to developmental variations, mechanical mixtures, mutations, natural crossing, minor genetic variations, diseases, and improper techniques. Seed production and certification aims to maintain genetic purity and prevent such deterioration. It involves controlling the seed source, isolation distances, rouging fields, and certification of seeds in classes from breeder to foundation to registered to certified.
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Organizational skills, controlling, supervising, and problem solving are important managerial functions. Controlling involves establishing standards, measuring performance against standards, comparing actual performance to standards, and taking corrective actions when needed. Supervision provides guidance to subordinates and ensures work is done according to plans. Problem solving is crucial for entrepreneurs and involves critical thinking, creativity, initiative, persistence, flexibility, and self-discipline. It also means identifying problems first, staying calm, working from general to specific, adapting, delegating, measuring outcomes, and reflecting.
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This document discusses various physiological disorders that can occur in fruit crops. It begins by defining physiological disorders as deviations from normal physiological processes in plants caused by adverse conditions, nutritional imbalances, or genetics. It then discusses several key points about physiological disorders: they can be caused by deficiencies or excesses; they can affect plants at all development stages; they are non-transmissible; and dealing with them means addressing past events. Several factors that can lead to physiological disorders are listed, along with examples of specific disorders in various fruits like mango, banana, citrus and grape. Management strategies for some of the disorders are also provided.
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تکنالوژی تولید تخم بذری گندم......تهیه شده بوسیله پوهنمل محمدصفر علیزوی استاد دیپارتمنت اگرانومی پوهنحی زراعت پوهنتون تخار
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The document provides an overview of India's Seed Act and related legislation. It discusses:
1. The main features of the Seed Act of 1966, including its applicability, regulatory provisions, and enforcement mechanisms.
2. The duties and powers of seed inspectors, who are responsible for enforcing the Seed Act and sampling seeds to ensure quality.
3. Offenses and penalties under the Seed Act for selling substandard seeds, including fines and potential imprisonment or property forfeiture for repeat offenses.
4. Key aspects of the Seed Control Order of 1983 and proposed Seed Bill of 2004, which aim to further regulate the seed industry through dealer licensing and variety registration.
Sorghm
This document provides information on sorghum production trends, varieties, and cultivation practices. It states that global sorghum area and production have decreased since the 1970s, except in Africa. It also outlines suitable varieties for different Indian states and seasons. Key cultivation steps discussed include land preparation, nutrient management, water requirements, weed control, harvest, and ratooning.
National programme for organic production npop
National Program for Organic Certification in India. NPOP is indian organic certification standard, It monitors the use of India Organic Logo by certified operations. STOCERT provides certification services in India
High density planting (HDP)
High Density Planting is a method of densely planting plant with plant population more than the optimum to get higher productivity in terms of quality and yield by manipulating the tree architecture and planting systems such as use of dwarfing rootstock, interstocks, scions, spurs; intensive use of growth regulators, training and pruning, cultural practices and reducing the spacing. The main principle is to improve efficiency of horizontal and vertical space utilisation per unit time, and resources and input utilisation. There is a balance between the vegetative and fruiting structures without affecting the plant health. Advantages include increased productivity, high income, efficient use of resources and mechanisation and operational efficacy
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PERSONAL HYGIENE AND GOOD GROOMING.pptx.
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Observe Personal Hygiene.pptx
The document discusses the importance of personal hygiene and cleanliness. It states that hygiene helps prevent the spread of illness and disease and helps people feel good. Maintaining cleanliness through practices like regular bathing, hair washing, dental hygiene and hand washing can reduce bacteria. Food handlers must observe strict personal hygiene practices like being free from infections, maintaining clean clothing and protective gear, and properly washing hands to prevent contaminating food.
Basics in food hygiene and safety
Nowadays, we are used to hear and read news headlines about outbreaks of foodborne disease. Examples
of foodborne outbreaks that happened only in the last years include E. coli O157:H7 infections linked to
ground beef and ready-to-eat chicken salad, Listeriosis linked to dairy products, Salmonella infections linked
to cucumbers, Hepatitis A linked to frozen berries, etc. Among all types of foods, the most common food
source of fatal infections is meat and poultry. In brief, food hazards can be found in all types of food, and they
can be introduced at any stage of the food chain, from primary producers through to final consumption.
ICAM Chapter 12.pptx
This document discusses types of pests and rodents that can be found in food establishments, including rats, mice, flies, cockroaches, and insects. It also discusses precautions that can be taken both inside and outside the establishment to control pests. This includes discussing integrated pest management programs and proper use and storage of poisonous or toxic materials for pest control.
Food santitation and safety
this slides will help and how to maintain food sanitation and safety in households ,hotels, restaurants and all food handling areas
CH2- NOTES
This document discusses foodborne illness and food safety. It defines foodborne illness as a disease transmitted through food. It estimates that 76 million cases of foodborne illness occur in the US each year. Food can become unsafe through poor personal hygiene, time-temperature abuse of food, cross-contamination, poor cleaning and sanitation, and purchasing from unapproved suppliers. The four main types of pathogens that can contaminate food are viruses, bacteria, parasites, and fungi. Proper handwashing, cleaning, separation of foods, cooking foods adequately, and avoiding cross-contamination are important to prevent foodborne illness.
Module 1 - Food Safety [Autosaved].pptx
This document provides an introduction to food safety. It defines food safety as ensuring food will not cause harm when prepared and eaten as intended. Foodborne illness occurs when food is contaminated during improper handling, preparation, or storage. Common pathogens that cause foodborne illness are Salmonella, E. coli, and other bacteria. Factors like time, temperature, and moisture can allow bacteria to grow. Proper hygiene for food handlers, including handwashing and clean attire, is important to prevent cross-contamination.
Apply Food Safety and Sanitation.pptx
The document discusses food safety and sanitation practices for fish processing. It emphasizes the importance of cleanliness, personal hygiene, and hazard analysis critical control points (HACCP). Proper sanitation includes regularly cleaning the facility and ensuring food handlers maintain good hygiene by washing hands, wearing protective equipment, and practicing health safety measures. HACCP principles allow processors to control biological hazards and ensure food safety at critical points during production.
Grade 8 Quarter Two-Week Eight Day 2.pptx
Personnel working in food handling areas must maintain high standards of personal hygiene and cleanliness. They should wear protective clothing like head coverings, masks, gloves, and aprons. Any cuts or wounds should be covered. Hands must be washed before starting work, after using the toilet, and after handling raw foods. Smoking, spitting, eating or chewing are prohibited during food preparation. Jewelry and other accessories should not be worn or brought into food areas. Visitors must also adhere to hygiene standards by wearing protective clothing.
04 chapter four
The document provides guidelines for food handlers to prevent contaminating food, including proper handwashing techniques, reporting illness, limiting eating and smoking in food areas, maintaining clean clothing and hygiene, and policies for restricting or excluding ill employees from working with food. Food handlers are advised to wash hands frequently, especially after activities that could spread pathogens, wear gloves properly, and address any health issues that could lead to contaminating food. The resources also define key terms and situations that could result in food contamination.
Similar to PEST AND RODENT CONTROL, PERSONNEL HYGIENE (20)
1586524447FOOD_SAFETY_AND_HYGIENE_MPH_2013-EHS701_(2).ppt
1586524447FOOD_SAFETY_AND_HYGIENE_MPH_2013-EHS701_(2).ppt
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Management of coffee rust assignment
The document is an assignment on managing coffee rust for a course on field and horticultural crop diseases and their management. It discusses the causal fungus of coffee rust, Hemileia vastatrix, and outlines management strategies like field sanitation, spraying copper or dithiocarbamate fungicides, maintaining canopy cover to reduce dew formation, and using resistant coffee varieties to reduce disease incidence. It was submitted by a student to their professor for the 2023-2024 session.
Identification of blister blight of tea
Identification of blister blight of tea , disease of field crops and horticulture crops and their management-I
disease cycle of coffee rust presentation
The document describes the disease cycle of coffee rust, caused by the fungus Hemileia vastatrix. It begins with a microscopic spore infecting coffee plant leaves through natural openings, invading and killing cells to produce more spores. These new spores are then released and dispersed by rain, wind, animals, and people to infect other plants, completing the cycle in 4 to 7 weeks. A single initial spore can generate tens of thousands of additional spores through 4 to 6 generations of replication and infection.
QUICK BOOK ON DISEASES OF FIELD AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT-...
QUICK BOOK ON DISEASES OF FIELD AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT- I APP 5312
SYLLABUS:-
APP5312 3(2+1)
Symptoms, etiology, disease cycle and management of major diseases of following crops: Field Crops: Rice: blast, brown spot, bacterial blight, sheath blight, false smut, khaira and tungro; Maize: stalk rots, downy mildew, leaf spots; Sorghum: smuts, grain mold and anthracnose, Bajra: downy mildew and ergot; Groundnut: early and late leaf spots, wilt Soybean: Rhizoctonia blight, bacterial spot, seed and seedling rot and mosaic; Pigeonpea: Phytophthora blight, wilt and sterility mosaic; Finger millet: Blast and leaf spot; black & green gram: Cercospora leaf spot and anthracnose, web blight and yellow mosaic; Castor: Phytophthora blight,Tobacco: black shank, black root rot and mosaic. Horticultural Crops: Guava: wilt and anthracnose; Banana: Panama wilt, bacterial wilt, Sigatoka and bunchy top:Papaya: foot rot, leaf curl and mosaic, Pomegranate: bacterial blight; Cruciferous vegetables: Alternaria leaf spot and black rot; Brinjal: Phomopsis blight and fruit rot and Sclerotinia blight; Tomato: damping off, wilt, early and late blight, buck eye rot and leaf curl and mosaic; Okra: Yellow Vein Mosaic; Beans: anthracnose and bacterial blight; Ginger: soft rot; Colocasia: Phytophthora blight; Coconut: wilt and bud rot; Tea: blister blight; Coffee: rust
For any query contact : ishandewangan102@gmail.com
Disclaimer: It is for self study however, if you find it helpful you can study
IGKV 3 year notes, bsc ag 5 semester notes, DISEASES OF FIELD AND HORTICULTURAL CROPS AND THEIR MANAGEMENT- I notes, APP5311 notes, agriculture notes, Ishan Dewangan notes, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, btc cars Bilaspur, IGKV 3 YEAR 1 SEMESTER NOTES
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT APB 5312 NOTES
INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHT APB 5312
SYLLABUS:-
APB5312 (1+0)
Theory Introduction and meaning of intellectual property, brief introduction to GATT, WTO, TRIPs and WIPO, Treaties for IPR protection: Madrid protocol, Berne Convention, Budapest treaty, etc. Types of Intellectual Property and legislations covering IPR in India:-Patents, Copyrights, Trademark, Industrial desigm, Geographical indications, Integrated circuits, Trade secrets. Patents Act 1970 and Patent system in India, patentability, process and product patent, filing of patent, patent specification, patent claims, Patent opposition and revocation, infringement, Compulsory licensing, Patent Cooperation Treaty, Patent search and patent database. Origin and history including a brief introduction to UPOV for protection of plant varieties, Protection of plant varieties under UPOV and PPV&FR Act of India, Plant breeders rights, Registration of plant varieties under PPV&FR Act 2001, breeders, researcher and farmers rights. Traditional knowledge-meaning and rights of TK holders. Convention on Biological Diversity, International treaty on plant genetic resources for food and agriculture (ITPGRFA). Indian Biological Diversity Act, 2002 and its salient features, access and benefit sharing.
IGKV 3 year notes, bsc ag 5 semester notes, intellectual property right notes, apb5312 notes, agriculture notes, Ishan Dewangan notes, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, btc cars Bilaspur, IGKV 3 YEAR 1 SEMESTER NOTES
QUICK BOOK ON PESTS OF CROPS AND STORED GRAIN AND THEIR MANAGEMENT AENT5312 N...
QUICK BOOK ON PESTS OF CROPS AND STORED GRAIN AND THEIR MANAGEMENT AENT5312
SYLLABUS:-
AENT 3(2+1)
General account on nature and type of damage by different arthropods pests. Scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, biology and bionomics, nature of damage, and management of major pests and scientific name, order, family, host range, distribution, nature of damage and control practice other important arthropod pests of various field crop, vegetable crop, fruit crop, plantation crops, ornamental crops, spices and condiments. Factors affecting losses of stored grain and role of physical, biological, mechanical and chemical factors in deterioration of grain. Insect pests, mites, rodents, birds and microorganisms associated with stored grain and their management. Storage structure and methods of grain storage and fundamental principles of grain store management.
For any query contact : ishandewangan102@gmail.com
Disclaimer: It is for self study however, if you find it helpful you can study
IGKV 3 year notes, bsc ag 5 semester notes, PESTS OF CROPS AND STORED GRAIN AND THEIR MANAGEMENT notes, AENT5312 notes, agriculture notes, Ishan Dewangan notes, Indira Gandhi Krishi Vishwavidyalaya Raipur, BTC cars Bilaspur, IGKV 3 YEAR 1 SEMESTER NOTES
Entrepreneurship development & business management AEXT5311 notes
ENTREPRENEURSHIP DEVELOPMENT & BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Theory Concept of Entrepreneur, Entrepreneurship Development, Characteristics, types and
functions of entrepreneurs.
Role of entrepreneurship in economic development & achievement motivation. Barriers of entrepreneurs.
SWOT Analysis, contract farming, joint venture, public private partnership, social
responsibility of business.
Government policy and programs and institutions for entrepreneurship development,
Impact of economic reforms on Agribusiness/ Agri enterprises.
Developing Managerial Skills, Entrepreneurial Development Process; Organizational
skill (controlling, supervising, problem solving, monitoring & evaluation)
Business Leadership Skills (Communication, direction and motivation Skills),
Supply chain management and Total quality management.
Project Planning Formulation and report preparation; Opportunities for Agri entrepreneurship and rural enterprise.
AEXT 5311 notes, IGKV 5 semester notes, 3 year 1 semester notes, entrepreneurship development and business management notes, BTC CARS, BILASPUR, Ishan Dewangan , B.Sc agriculture notes, agriculture notes, business management notes igkv,
Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management ASOIL5311 Notes IGKV
Introduction and importance of organic manures, properties and methods of preparation of
bulky and concentrated manures. Green/leaf manuring. Fertilizer recommendation
approaches. Integrated nutrient management.
Chemical fertilizers: classification, composition and properties of major nitrogenous,
phosphatic, potassic fertilizers, secondary & microtrient fertilizers, Complex ertilizers,
nano fertilizers Soil amendments, Fertilizer Storage, Fertilizer Control Order.
History of soil fertility and plant nutrition. criteria of essentiality. role, deficiency and toxicity
symptoms of essential plant nutrients, Mechanisms of nutrient transport to plants, factors
affecting nutrient availability to plants. Chemistry of soil nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium,
calcium, magnesium, sulphur and micronutrients. Soil fertility evaluation, Soil testing.
Critical levels of different nutrients in soil. Forms of nutrients in soil, plant analysis, rapid
plant tissue tests. Indicator plants. Methods of fertilizer recommendations to crops. Factor
influencing nutrient use efficiency (NUE), methods of application under rainfed and irrigated
conditions
Igkv 5 semester notes, ASOIL5311 Hindi medium notes, ASOIL5311 English medium notes, ASOIL notes, igkv 3 year notes, IGKV NOTES agriculture notes, bsc ag 5 semester notes, Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management ASOIL5311 Notes IGKV, Manures, Fertilizers and Soil Fertility Management notes
Geoinformatics and Nano-technology and Precision Farming Notes AENGG5311 IGKV
Geoinformatics and Nano-technology and Precision Farming Notes
SYLLABUS:-
Precision agriculture: concepts and techniques; their issues and concerns for Indian
agriculture; Geo-informatics- definition, concepts, tool and techniques; their use in Precision
Agriculture. Crop recommendation using geospatial technologies; Spatial data and their management in GIS;
Remote sensing concepts and application in agriculture; Image processing and interpretation;
Global positioning system (GPS), components and its functions; Introduction to crop
Simulation Models and their uses for optimization of Agricultural Inputs; STCR approach for
precision agriculture; Nanotechnology, definition, concepts and techniques, brief introduction
about nanoscale effects, nano-particles, nano-pesticides, nano-fertilizers, nano-sensors, Use
of nanotechnology in seed, water, fertilizer, plant protection for scaling-up farm productivity.
AENGG5311 NOTES, AENGG5311 HINDI NOTES, AENGG5311 ENGLISH NOTES, AENGG5311 NOTES IGKV, GEOINFORMATICS AND NANO TECHNOLOGY AND PRECISION FARMING NOTES, IGKV 5 SEMESTER NOTES, IGKV 3 YEAR NOTES, IGKV RAIPUR, BS AGRICULTURE 3 YEAR 1 SEMESTER NOTES, ISHAN DEWANGAN, AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING NOTES
Introductory meteorology & climatic change AMET5311 NOTES IGKV
The document discusses the results of a study on the impact of COVID-19 lockdowns on air pollution. Researchers found that lockdowns led to significant short-term reductions in nitrogen dioxide and fine particulate matter pollution globally as economic activities slowed. However, the impacts on greenhouse gases and long-term air quality improvements remain uncertain without permanent behavior and economic changes.
Farming system and sustainable agriculture notes
Farming System-scope, importance, and concept, Types and systems of farming system and
factors affecting types of farming, Farming system components and their maintenance,
Cropping system and pattern, multiple cropping system, Efficient cropping system and their
evaluation, Allied enterprises and their importance, Tools for determining production and
efficiencies in cropping and farming system; Sustainable agriculture-problems and its impact
on agriculture, indicators of sustainability, adaptation and mitigation, conservation agriculture
strategies in agriculture, HEIA, LEIA and LEISA and its techniques for sustainability,
Integrated farming system-historical background, objectives and characteristics, components of
IFS and its advantages, Site specific development of IFS model for different agro-climatic
zones, resource use efficiency and optimization techniques, Resource cycling and flow of
energy in different farming system, farming system and environment, Visit of IFS model in
different agro-climatic zones of nearby states University/ institutes and farmers field.
Environmental studies and disaster management notes AFOR5221 (hindi)
1. Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope And
Importance
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources, Natural Resources
and Associated Problems.
A) Forest Resources: Use and Over Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies
Timber Extraction, Mining, Dams And Their Effect On Forest And Tribal People.
B) Water Resources: Use and Over Utilization of Surface and Ground Water,
Floods, Drought, Conflicts Over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C)Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Environmental Effects of Extracting
and Using Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
3. D) Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer Pesticide Problems, Water
Logging, Salinity, Case Studies.
E) Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable
Energy Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Sources. Case Studies
F) Land Resources: Land as A Resource, Land Degradation, Man Induced
Landslides, Soil Erosion and Desertification. Role Of an Individual in Conservation
of Natural Resources. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles.
4. Ecosystems: Concept of An Ecosystems, Structure and Function of An Ecosystems,
Producers, Consumers and Decomposers, Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
5. Ecological Succession, Food Chains, Food Webs, And Ecological Pyramids.
Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features
6. Structure and Function of The Following Ecosystem: A. Forest Ecosystems B.
Grassland Ecosystems C. Desert Ecosystems D. Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds,
Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries)
7. Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction, Definition, Genetic, Species &
Ecosystem and Diversity and Biogeographical Classification of India. Value Of
Biodiversity: Consumptive Use, Predictive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic And Option
Values. Biodiversity At Global, National and Local Levels, India as A Mega- Diversity
Nation. Hotspots Of Biodiversity.
8. Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man- Wildlife Conflicts.
Endangered And Endemic Species of India. Conservation Of Biodiversity:
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
9. Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, Effects And Control Measures Of Air,
Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal Pollution, Nuclear Hazards. Solid Waste
Management: Causes, Effects and Control Measure of Urban and Industrial Wastes.
Role Of Individual in Prevention of Pollution.
10. Social Issues and Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development,
Urban Problems Related to Energy, Water Conservation, Rain Water Harvesting,
Watershed Management Environmental Ethics: Issues and Possible Solutions,
Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear
Accidents and Holocaust. Dies, Wasteland Reclamation. Consumerism And Waste
Products. Etc
hindi notes for hindi medium students.
Indira Gandhi krishi vishwavidyalaya raipur
AGRIBUISNESS MANAGEMENT NOTES ABM5221
1. Transformation of agriculture into agri business, various stakeholders and components of agri business systems.
2. Importance of agri business in the Indian economy and new agricultural policy.
3. Distinctive features of agri business management: importance and needs of agro based industries
4. Classification of industries and types of agro based industries, institutional arrangement, procedures to set up agro based industries.
5. Constantine establishing agro based industries
6. Agri value chain: understanding primary and support activities and their linkages
7. Business environment:PEST and SWOT analysis
8. Management functions: roles and activities
9. Organisation culture: planning meaning definition, types of plans
10. Purpose aur mission, goals are objectives, strategies, policies procedures, rules, programs and budget, components of business plan.
11. Steps in planning and implementation
12. Organisation staffing, directing and motivation, ordering, leading, supervision, communications, control
13. Capital management and financial management of agri business
14. Financial statements and there importance
15. Marketing management: segmentation, targeting and positioning
16. Marketing mix and marketing, strategies consumer behaviour analysis
17. Product life cycle, sales and distribution management
18. Pricing policy,various pricing methods
19. Project management definition,project cycle, identification,formulation, appraisal implementation, monitoring and evaluation
20. Project appraisal and evaluation techniques
Environmental studies and disaster management notes AFOR5221
1. Multidisciplinary Nature Of Environmental Studies: Definition, Scope And
Importance
2. Natural Resources: Renewable and Non-Renewable Resources, Natural Resources
and Associated Problems.
A) Forest Resources: Use and Over Exploitation, Deforestation, Case Studies
Timber Extraction, Mining, Dams And Their Effect On Forest And Tribal People.
B) Water Resources: Use and Over Utilization of Surface and Ground Water,
Floods, Drought, Conflicts Over Water, Dams- Benefits and Problems.
C)Mineral Resources: Use and Exploitation, Environmental Effects of Extracting
and Using Mineral Resources, Case Studies.
3. D) Food Resources: World Food Problems, Changes Caused by Agriculture and
Overgrazing, Effects of Modern Agriculture, Fertilizer Pesticide Problems, Water
Logging, Salinity, Case Studies.
E) Energy Resources: Growing Energy Needs, Renewable and Non-Renewable
Energy Sources, Use of Alternate Energy Sources. Case Studies
F) Land Resources: Land as A Resource, Land Degradation, Man Induced
Landslides, Soil Erosion and Desertification. Role Of an Individual in Conservation
of Natural Resources. Equitable Use of Resources for Sustainable Lifestyles.
4. Ecosystems: Concept of An Ecosystems, Structure and Function of An Ecosystems,
Producers, Consumers and Decomposers, Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
5. Ecological Succession, Food Chains, Food Webs, And Ecological Pyramids.
Introduction, Types, Characteristic Features
6. Structure and Function of The Following Ecosystem: A. Forest Ecosystems B.
Grassland Ecosystems C. Desert Ecosystems D. Aquatic Ecosystems (Ponds,
Streams, Lakes, Rivers, Oceans, Estuaries)
7. Biodiversity and Its Conservation: Introduction, Definition, Genetic, Species &
Ecosystem and Diversity and Biogeographical Classification of India. Value Of
Biodiversity: Consumptive Use, Predictive Use, Social, Ethical, Aesthetic And Option
Values. Biodiversity At Global, National and Local Levels, India as A Mega- Diversity
Nation. Hotspots Of Biodiversity.
8. Threats to Biodiversity: Habitat Loss, Poaching of Wildlife, Man- Wildlife Conflicts.
Endangered And Endemic Species of India. Conservation Of Biodiversity:
In-Situ and Ex-Situ Conservation of Biodiversity.
9. Environmental Pollution: Definition, Causes, Effects And Control Measures Of Air,
Water, Soil, Marine, Noise, Thermal Pollution, Nuclear Hazards. Solid Waste
Management: Causes, Effects and Control Measure of Urban and Industrial Wastes.
Role Of Individual in Prevention of Pollution.
10. Social Issues and Environment: From Unsustainable to Sustainable Development,
Urban Problems Related to Energy, Water Conservation, Rain Water Harvesting,
Watershed Management Environmental Ethics: Issues and Possible Solutions,
Climate Change, Global Warming, Acid Rains, Ozone Layer Depletion, Nuclear
Accidents and Holocaust. Dies, Wasteland Reclamation. Consumerism And Waste
Products. Etc.
All syllabus have been included.
Indira Gandhi krishi vishwavidyalaya raipur
PROBLEMATIC SOIL AND THEIR MANAGEMENT ASOIL5221 NOTES
Soil compaction reduces pore space in soil, increasing density and restricting water and air movement. It can occur naturally over long periods, but is often caused artificially by heavy machinery and vehicles. This leads to poorer root growth, lower crop yields, reduced water infiltration and fertilizer efficiency, and increased cultivation difficulty. Preventing compaction through reduced traffic and appropriate tire inflation can help maintain soil quality.
principles of seed technology 5221 notes
This document provides information on seed technology and seed production of various crops. It begins with definitions of seed and seed technology. It then discusses causes of variety deterioration and methods to control deterioration. Principles of foundation and certified seed production are outlined. Detailed information is provided on seed production methods for various crops including wheat, rice, maize, sorghum, bajra, potato, tomato, chilies, berseem and lucerne. Key steps discussed include source of seed, field selection, isolation distances, sowing methods, fertilizer use, irrigation, plant protection, rouging, and harvesting.
CROP DOCTOR.pptx
The document describes the Crop Doctor app, which uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to help farmers diagnose crop diseases and pest problems. The app allows farmers to upload photos of their crops, instantly diagnoses any issues, and provides treatment advice. It is available for free in English and Hindi and aims to improve crop yields and prevent diseases.
Temperature control ABT5211
Temperature control is a set of procedures to meet and maintain standards regarding temperature, which is vital for food safety. A temperature control program identifies target products, establishes monitoring devices, and keeps records to control bacteria growth through temperature. Temperature control is applied in storage, distribution, initial supply, and manufacturing processes like baking, boiling, canning, freezing, and refrigeration to either add or remove heat and control microorganisms.
WASTE DISPOSAL notes
This document discusses ways to reduce food waste from various industries and locations. It recommends donating perishable and excess food to those in need to prevent it from going to waste. Specific strategies mentioned include perishable food donations from manufacturers and redistributing surplus food from companies and individuals. Reducing pre-sale waste at food service establishments is also suggested, such as ordering appropriate quantities and donating excess prep waste. Leftover food can also be fed to animals as a way to reduce waste.
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This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
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The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
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PEST AND RODENT CONTROL, PERSONNEL HYGIENE
- 1. ISHAN DEWANGAN 1 PEST AND RODENT CONTROL. PERSONNAL HYGIENE Pests (cockroaches, flies, other insects) and rodents entering or infesting food establishments are potential sources of biological and physical hazards. Poorly executed pest control programs and careless storage and use of pesticides may result in chemical hazards. Following are the ways to control :- 1. Make sure that food handlers are supervised and appropriately trained and instructed in food hygiene matters. 2. Make sure that the doors, windows and other openings are fitted with insect- proof screens that can be easily removed for cleaning. 3. In case of rodents use live capture trays where the infestation is at a small level. 4. Use pesticides in accordance with safety guidelines that are specifically approved for the intended situation. Only
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