group presentation of students of sociology discipline 16 batch on History of Human Civilization course

1. Welcome to Our presentation
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2. Course Title: History of Human Civilization
Course No. : Soc 1105
Term : 1st
Year : 1st
Session : 2015-16
ID NAME
161604 Lubaba Khan
161635 Mahfuza Mim
161645 Habiba Rahman
161653 MD. Shaharia Khair
Group Members
Presentation Submission Date: 06.03.2016
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4. Contents:
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 1) Introduction 05
 2) Time Line 06
 3) Geography of
PERSIA 07
 4) The Persian Empire 08
 5) Persian Culture 10
 6) Persian Art 11
 7) Persian Food 12
 8) Persian Religion 13
 9) Persian Language
And Writing 14
 10) Persian Literature
And Learning 15
 11) Persian Music 16
 12) Persian Architecture 17
 13) Persian War 19
 15) Ending of Persian
civilization 21
 16)Conclusion 22
 17) Bibliography 23

5. Duration of Persian civilization was (550-424) BC.
Persia emerged and developed into a great country.
they were successful in every aspect of their civilization includes
religion, technology, ruling, government and how well they adapted
to their geographical surroundings.
 Persia did a great amount of conquering other civilizations and they
had a strategic government system that was very effective.
Introduction
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6. Time Line
650 BC.
Zoroastrianism begins. This religion
was founded by Zoroaster. It was a
dualistic religion.
554 BC.
Cyrus Conquers all
of Persia and Media
559 BC.
Cyrus is the chief of
the Persian tribe.
530 BC.
Cyrus’s reign comes to
and end
522-486 BC.
Darius is in charge of the
empire, making many
improvements organization
wise.
330 BC.
Alexander The
Great enters
Babylon
530-522 BC.
Cambyses, son of
Cyrus, rules with
violence
486-465 BC.
Xerxes I, son of Darius I, is in
control, making the mistake of
attempting to conquer Greece
465-424 BC.
Artaxerxes I is
the king
423-405 BC.
Darius II takes
the throne
405-359 BC.
Artaxerxes II reigns
336-330 BC.
The reign of
Darius III
358-338 BC.
The reign of
Artaxerxes III
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7. WATER MASSIS
 Touching upon the Arabian sea, the Aral
sea, the black sea, the Caspian sea, the
Mediterranean sea, the Persian gulf and the
red sea.
RIVERS
 Euphrates, Tigris, Indus, surrounded by the
Arabian desert, Caucasus mountains.
GEOGRAPHY OF PERSIA
CLIMATE
 Middle eastern climate is generally hot and dry ,with the exception of the
fertile crescent river-valley with fairly mild winters lesser in the more
mountains terrain.
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8. KING CYRUS
The empire created by Cyrus .
Under his rule the Persian empire expanded from the Indus
river Anatolia.
Cyrus passed away trying to protect his empire by fighting
invaders. He left the thrown to his son Cambyses.
KING CAMBYSES
Cambyses was one of the greatest political organizations of
antiquity.
Expended the empire by gaining control of Egypt.
But he treated the Egyptian religion very poorly.
An example of his horrid treatment is he had burned
pictures of Egyptian Gods.
After dying he left the thrown to his heir Darius.
THE PERSIAN EMPIRE
KING CYRUS
KING CAMBYSES
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9. KING DARIUS
 Darius the great under his reign the Persian
Empire reached the pinnacle of its power
and the fullest extent of its size.
 A group of well trained solders helped him
achieve power in 521 BC.
 He was the first Persian emperor to use
coins in trade.
THE PERSIAN EMPIRE cont.…
KING DARIUS
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10. PERSIAN CULTURE
 The Persians very gradually converted to
Islam from the mid 7th century and later
adopted the Arabic alphabet.
 The artistic, architectural, literary, rugs
and other strands of Persian culture
flowered again and again
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despite periodic waves of invaders and
internal rivalries.
 Persian culture has spread throughout
the world.

11. PERSIAN ART
PAINTING
 Persia has offered a particularly unique art to the world
which is excellent in its kind.
POTTERY
 The taste and the talent of the Persian people can be seen
through the designs of their earthen wares.
RUGS
 Persian rug has a wide variety designs and styles.
 Materials used in carpets, including wool and cotton
,decay.
CALLIGRAPHY
 It is considered to be one of the most eye catching and
fascinating manifestations of Persian culture.
GHALAM-ZANI
 Ghalam-zani is known as metalwork of Persia.
 Ghalam-zani is made by hammering gold or silver(or
other materials)
PAINTING POTTERY
CALLIGRAPHY
RUGS
KHATAM–KARI
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12. PERSIAN FOOD
 The Persian CUISINE is ancient, diverse as well as cosmopolitan.
 CUISINE has borrowed spices, styles and recipes from India and
has conversely also influenced Indian food. There are many dishes
that are shared by both Iranians and Turks.
 WINE was considered as an important ceremonial and religious
drink.
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13. PERSIAN RELIGION
 Zarathustra was a Persian prophet.
 Zoroastrianism became the official of the Persian
empire .
 It survives there in isolated areas but more
prosperously in India. In India the religion is called
Parsiism.
 Zoroastrianism contains both monotheistic and
dualistic features.
 Its concepts of one god, judgment, heaven and hell
likely influenced the major western religions of
Judaism, Christianity and Islam.
Zarathustra
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14.  Ancient Persians had many languages and writing
system;
 ELAMITE was the official language of the Persian
empire from 600-400 BCE
 OLD PERSIAN was created by Darius from 522-486
BCE
 AKKADIAN 2500 BCE-1900 BCE
 ARAMAIC 1000 BCE-600 BCE
 Scripts writings were usually on clay tablets
 Writing was done by scribes ,high level people were
illiterate .writing beneath them.
PERSIAN LANGUAGE AND WRITING
PERSIAN LANGUAGE
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15. PERSIAN LITERATURE AND LEARNING
 Literature among the ancient Persians is almost an unknown
quantity. only a few scraps of their epics have been found.
 While they exemplify a high religious fervor and moral
enthusiasm ,they strike the modern reader as being cold and
sober.
 Persian learning was largely a branch of the religion. The
most important factor was man’s relationship with his God
,everything else being secondary or else completely
neglected.
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16. PERSIAN MUSIC
 The history of musical development in Persia dates
back to more than 2500 years ago.
 Tracing Persian musical history is difficult as notation
was not used with any significant regularity until the
1930s .
 Most of the information about the early nature of
Persian music comes from the work of ;
 ARTIST: representation of paintings, poetry;
 HISTORIANS: Herodotus, Xenophon
 PHILOSOPHERS: Farabi(d. 950) ,Ebn Sina(980-
1037), Razi(d. 1209), and others.
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17. PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE
PERSIAN DOMES
 Domes were an important part
and constructed on the first large-
scale in Persia.
PALACE OF ARDASHIR
 In many ways the Sassanid
dynastic period witnessed the
highest achievement of Persian
civilization.
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18. PASARGAD COMPLEX
• The political capital of king Cyrus the
great, might be considered a complete
manifestation of Persian architecture.
• Pasargad is now largely in ruins, But one
can see that now imposing it must have
been many respects.
PERSEPOLIS
• PERSEPOLIS was a sacred national
shrine, potent sensing for the spring
festival, now ruz.
PERSIAN ARCHITECTURE cont…
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19. PERSIAN FASION
In Persia both men and women used make-up
,wore jewelry and colored their body parts.
Their garments were both elaborate ,colorful and
clothing styles were distinguished by class and
status.
PERSIAN JEWELRY
Popular jewelry items included gold or silver
 bracelets ,necklaces and finger rings,decorated

20. PERSIAN WAR
BATTLE OF MARATHON
• In 490 BCE the Athenians met the vengeful at
Marathon. The Athenians were vastly
outnumbered but prevailed through superb
strategy.
• The Persian army collapsed and fled.
• Without this victory the Athenians would have
been destroyed and the Persian war would have
ended before it could have begun.
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21. PERSIAN WAR cont….
• The Persian had replaced the Babylonians in
539 BCE as the mightiest power in western
Asia.
• One result was that the Persians came to rule
all of Asia minor ,including formerly
independent Greek city-states on the western
coast.
• After turning their attention to conquering
Egypt. The Persians crossed over to Europe in
512 and occupied the northernmost Greek.
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22. ENDING OF PERSIAN EMPIRE
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23. One outstanding achievement of the Persians was that they succeeded in
bringing the various civilization centers under one rule. They were a very
successful society.
Persian kings were very tolerant of other religions and cultures, which
was something many ancient rulers did not accept.
 Ancient Persian kings designed some of the architecture. They also had
the Royal Road, which greatly promoted trade.
 In addition, they practiced Zoroastrianism, which was the first
monotheistic religion in ancient times and has heavily influenced later
history.
The different ways Ancient Persia enhanced their civilization is what
made them very unique.
Conclusion
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24. BIBLIOGRAPHY
i. “A Short History Of Human Civilization” – Swain, James Edgar; Prof. of History,
Muhlenberg College.
ii. “The World Civilization” – Relph, Philip Lee
• learner, Robert E
• Wood, Alan T
• Hull, Richard W
• Burns, Edward McNally
iii. “Wikipedia The Encyclopedia” – History Of Iran: https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Iran

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