A decrease in red blood cells when the body can't absorb enough red blood cells.It is an organ specific autoimmune diseases in which the body’s immune system attacks the lining of the stomach. It was considered as a deadly disease due to the lack of available treatment. Pernicious anemia is most common in caucasian persons of north European ancestry than in other racial groups.

1. PERNICIOUS ANEMIA
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2. Pernicious Anemia
• A decrease in red blood cells when the body can’t absorb
enough vitaminB12.
• It is an organ specific autoimmune diseases in which the
body’s immune system attacks the lining of the stomach.
• It was considered as a deadly disease due to the lack of
available treatment.
• Pernicious anemia is most common in caucasian persons of
north European ancestry than in other racial groups.

3. Vitamin B12
• Vitamin B12 is a water-soluble vitamin that keeps your nerves
and red blood cells healthy. It is responsible for the smooth
functioning of several critical body processes.
• It helps to form red blood cells.
• It is found in animal foods including meat, fish, eggs, milk and
other dairy products.

5. Causes
• Intrinsic factor(IF) is a glycoprotein made in the stomach that
is necessary for the absorption of vitB12.
• When the stomach does not make enough IF, the intestine
cannot properly absorb vitamin B12.
• As a result it can cause permanent damage to nerves and
other organs.
• Also parietal cells located within the gastric mucosa are
destroyed.
• It also raises risk for developing stomach cancer.

6. Macrocytes
• Without enough vitamin B12,the body will produce
abnormally large red blood cells called macrocytes.
• Due to their large size they do not leave bone marrow.
• Gradually it decreases the amount of oxygen carried red blood
cells in the blood stream and leads to fatigue and weakness.
• So this is also called Macrocytic Anemia/Megaloblastic
Anemia.
• Very rarely it is passed through families. This is called
Congenital pernicious Anemia.
• Babies with this type of anemia do not make enough intrinsic
factor.

10. • Test that may done include:
(1)Bone marrow examination
(2)Complete blood count (CBC)
(3)Reticulocyte count
(4)Schilling test
(5)LDH level
(6)Methylmalonic acid level(MMA)

11. TREATMENT
 The goal of the treatment is to increse your vitamin
B12 level.
• Eating foods high in vitamin B12 and folic acid can
help to prevent vitamin B12 deficiency caused by a
poor diet.
• Some people may also need to take vitaminB12
supplement by mouth.
• Certain type of vitB12 may be given through the
nose.