Anemia is a blood disorder where the number of red blood cells or amount of hemoglobin is reduced. It can be caused by blood loss, insufficient dietary intake of iron, folate or vitamin B12, or medical conditions that affect red blood cell production. Symptoms include fatigue, weakness, pale skin, and shortness of breath. Treatment involves treating the underlying cause, taking iron or vitamin supplements, and following an iron-rich diet. Patient counseling focuses on disease education, dietary modifications, medication guidance, and lifestyle changes to improve hemoglobin levels.

1. PATIENT COUNSELLING ON
ANEMIA
PRESENTED BY,
KAVIYA AP
PHARM D
RA1522281010017

2. DEFINITION
Anemia is a blood disorder characterized by a lack of red blood cells or
hemoglobin, a substance in red blood cells. Anemia results if there is not
enough hemoglobin or red blood cells are produced, too many red blood cells
are destroyed, or if too much blood is lost,
Otherwise, Anemia is a condition in which the no.of.RBCs / amount of
hemoglobin in RBC is reduced.

3. CAUSES
• Anemia is a medical condition that occurs when a person does not have enough
red blood cells or enough hemoglobin.There are many causes and types of
anemia.
• Anemia results if not enough normal red blood cells are produced or if too many
red blood cells are destroyed. Anemia also occurs if too many red blood cells are
lost due to excessive bleeding.
• A lack of hemoglobin may result if there is not enough iron, folate, or vitamin B12
in a person’s diet.These nutrients are necessary for hemoglobin and red blood
cell production.
• Some people may not produce enough red blood cells because of medical
conditions that affect the bone marrow, such as certain infections, chronic illness,
kidney disease, and arthritis.

4. • Certain medications may suppress the bone marrow's production of
red blood cells or trigger destruction of red blood cells in the
bloodstream.
• In rare cases, people are born with the inability to produce enough
red blood cells.Normally, red blood cells are round and flat.Genetic
conditions, such as sickle cell anemia, can change the shape of a
red blood cell and cause its destruction.
• Substantial blood loss can result from serious traumatic accidents or
from complications from surgery or childbirth. This may occur in
females with heavy menstrual periods and people with inflammatory
bowel disease or colon cancer.

5. SYMPTOMS

6. TYPES OF ANEMIA

7. RARE ANEMIA
• Fanconi anemia
This type of anemia is also rare and it is genetic. It happens because the bone marrow
enough red blood cells. There are physical signs of this condition, such as abnormal
abnormal skin color. About 50% of people with this condition are diagnosed by the time
years old.
• Diamond-Blackfan anemia
This is a rare blood disorder that may be inherited or acquired. In this type of anemia,
does not make enough red blood cells. Diamond-Blackfan anemia is diagnosed within
in nearly 90% of people who have it.
• Mediterranean anemia
This condition is also known as Cooley’s anemia and actually refers to beta thalassemia
Thalassemias are inherited conditions in which your body does not make the right
hemoglobin. In addition to not making enough of these cells, the red blood cells do not
they would in someone without the condition.

8. TREATMENT
Treatment usually depends upon treating the underlying causes which include -
iron, vitamin B 12, folic acid and vitamin C supplements are provided to
improve the hemoglobin level.
If anemia is caused as a result of chronic diseases then blood transfusion is
recommended to boosts iron levels, bone marrow transplantation and also
treating other underlying conditions is vital.

11. PATIENT COUNSELLING

12. DISEASE COUNSELLING
• Anemia is a condition in which the number of red blood cells or
hemoglobin concentration within them is lower than the normal.
• Poor eating habits and lack of access to healthcare are the main causes of
high prevalence of anemia among women.
• Nutrient deficiency ,trauma ,genetic disorder and menstrual blood loss
are main causes of anemia.
• Intake of iron–rich foods,fruits and leafy vegetables can improve the
concentration of Hb level in the body.

13. DIET COUNSELING
• Fruits that effectively treat anemia are plums,bananas,grapes,oranges,carrots
when eaten in large quantities.
• Honey is a potent source of iron,copper and manganese.when these elements are
combined they aid hemoglobin synthesis.
• Dry fruits like almond,cashews,pine nuts are good source of iron ,
protein,fibre,fats and vitamins. Daily intake of 5-6 can increase RBC easily.
• Coconut drink a week : it maintains blood sugar and A1c and its a good source of
magnesium which may increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood sugar level.
• Limit foods and drinks that includes saturated fats,high in sodium, beverages with
added sugars.

14. DRUG COUNSELING
• Supplements should be taken in only prescribed amount as directed by the
physician.
• Multivitamins should be taken only in the morning after food for effective
treatment.
• Do not take iron supplements along with calcium products as it decrease the
effectiveness of one another.
• Milk and antacids should not be taken at the same time as iron supplements.Wait
for at least 2 hours after taking foods before taking iron supplements.
• Drink iron rich fruit juices like carrot-spinach and parsley juice , amla-ginger juice
, pineapple-coriander juice or watermelon –guava juice while taking iron
supplements.these will improve the condition of anemia and increase heme
concentration.

15. LIFESTYLE MODIFICATION
• Eat healthy foods with lots of iron-rich foods (beef,liver,salmon,dry fruits
and fortified cereals)
• If amount of sleep decreases, blood sugar level increases. So sleep for 8-10
hours for normal functioning of body and also for the production of RBCs.
Sleep more at night and take naps at daytime.
• Try to do light exercise everyday.Exercise can improve hb level in blood.
• Sufficient water intake may contribute to alleviate anemia by increasing
hemoglobin.
• Avoid alcohol consumption , it prevents bone marrow from p roducing more
RBCs or healthy RBCs.

16. HOME REMEDIES

17. SPINACH

18. POMEGRENATE

19. SESAME SEEDS

20. DATES

21. APPLE

22. BANANA

23. THANK YOU

24. REFERENCES
 PHARMACOTHERAPY BOOK BY DIPIRO
 MAYOCLINIC
 CLEVELANDCLINIC.COM
 EMEDICINE.MEDSCAPE.COM
 DRUGS.COM
 WEBMD.COM
 HEALTHLINE.COM
 FOOD.NDTV.COM