Balloon angioplasty was first performed in 1977 and involved passing a guide wire and deflated balloon catheter across a stenosis, inflating the balloon to enlarge the vessel lumen, and removing the balloon. Major advances in technology led to an increase in PCI procedures surpassing CABG. Stents were a major advance as scaffolds that reduced complications like abrupt closure and restenosis compared to balloon angioplasty alone.

1. PERCUTANEOUSE
CORONARY INTERVENTION

2. HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE
 Balloon angioplasty was first performed
by Andreas Gruentzig in 1977 with a
fixed-wire balloon catheter.

3. design border spectrum of
patients with more complex
lesion are undergoing PCI.

4. Major advances
The major advances in
interventional cardiology
continue as new technology is
developed,tested,and brought
to the clinical arena.These
advances have led to the
significant increase in
procedural volume so that
currently,the number of PCI
exceeds the number of CABGs.

5. THE TECHNIQUE OF BALLOON
DILATATION
 A guide wire is passed across the
stenosis
 This is followed by deflated balloon
 The balloon catheter is inflated within
the lesion
 The lumen is enlarged after balloon
removal

7. BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY
The improvement in luminal
diameter of vessel is mainly due
to cracking of the vessel wall that
frequently extends through the
plaque and the underlying
media,allowing expansion of both
the inner and outer diameter of
the treated segment.

8. TWO MAJOR LIMITATIONS OF
BALLOON ANGIOPLASTY :
*Abrupt vessel closure 2-8%
*Restenosis 30%-50%

9. THE NEW CORONARY
DEVICES TO IMPROVE
UPON PROCEDURAL
OUTCOMES ACHIEVED
WITH BALLOON
ANGIOPLASTY:

10. Removing devices: Directional atherectomy
Extraction atherectomy
Debulking devices: Excimer laser
angioplasty
Scaffolding device: Stents
Rotational atherectomy

12. STENTS(scaffolding devices)
Coronary stents have
fundamentally changed the
practice of interventional
cardiology by reducing early
complication(abrupt vessel
closure) and improving late
clinical outcome(restenosis) and it
is estimated that 50-80 percent of
PCI procedures now involved the
use of stent.