Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
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Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) uses sound waves to visualize the inside of arteries. There are two types of IVUS systems - mechanical systems using a rotating internal cable and solid-state systems using externally mounted transducers. Both produce 360-degree images with a resolution of 100-150 μm. IVUS is used to assess plaque, vessel dimensions, stent deployment, and more. It produces cross-sectional images showing the lumen, layers of the artery wall, and plaque composition and size. Measurements include diameters, areas, plaque burden, and indices of eccentricity. IVUS helps identify vulnerable plaque and has diagnostic and interventional applications.
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3. OCT is a safe imaging technique and is useful for evaluating plaque characteristics, guiding percutaneous coronary interventions, and assessing stent coverage and restenosis.
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Design of Low Power Oscillator for Medical Ultrasonic Sensors with CMUT Imple...
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Ivus oct
This document discusses intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for assessing coronary artery disease and optimizing percutaneous coronary interventions. It provides an overview of the basic principles, equipment, and clinical applications of IVUS and OCT. IVUS and OCT produce high-resolution cross-sectional images of coronary arteries, allowing for more accurate evaluation of vessel size, plaque morphology, and stent results compared to angiography alone. Both modalities can help answer questions that arise during interventional cardiology procedures. Patients with complex coronary disease may especially benefit from an approach that incorporates intravascular imaging.
Evaluation of Cardiac function.pptx
Echocardiography is the first-line imaging modality for assessing cardiac structure and function by using ultrasound to image the heart. It can evaluate ventricular size and function, detect valvular abnormalities, and estimate pulmonary artery pressures. Transoesophageal echocardiography provides high-resolution images of the heart from a probe in the esophagus. Echocardiography, along with cardiac MRI and cardiac catheterization, are important tools for evaluating diseases of the heart such as cardiomyopathy, coronary artery disease, and valvular heart disease.
IVUS OCT BRAUNWALD.pptx
This document discusses intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and optical coherence tomography (OCT) for assessing coronary artery disease.
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Lec1 Ali - CT Basics _ Physical Priniciples new.pptx
This document provides an overview of key concepts in CT scanning, including:
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Intravascular Ultrasound (IVUS)
- 1. Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) ______________________________________________________ Dr. Sayeedur Rahman Khan Rumi dr.rumibd@gmail.com MD (Cardiology) Final Part Student National Heart Foundation Hospital and Research Institute
- 2. Introduction • Intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) catheters use reflected sound waves to visualize the arterial wall in a two-dimensional, tomographic format, analogous to a histologic cross section. • This offers the opportunity to gather diagnostic information about the process of atherosclerosis and to directly observe the effects of various interventions on the plaque and arterial wall.
- 3. Imaging Systems Two types of IVUS systems exist, both utilizing 20- to 40-MHz silicon piezoelectric crystals: A. Mechanical system that relies on a rotating internal cable, and B. Solid-state system externally mounted on a catheter and controlled electronically
- 4. Diagrams of the two basic imaging catheter designs, solid state (A) and mechanical (B)
- 5. • With the mechanical systems, the imaging core rotates via a flexible drive shaft to sweep the transducer continuously through a 360-degree arc in the vessel. • The solid-state catheter has 64 ultrasound transducers arranged circumferentially around the catheter tip and sequentially activated to produce a 360-degree image.
- 6. • Both IVUS catheters range in size from 3.2 F to 3.5 F and have a tapered tip and shaft. • They are designed to fit through a 6 F guide catheter. • The IVUS catheter connects to a console, which displays and records the images digitally. • Images from both systems are displayed in a tomographic, real-time video format. • Currently, IVUS has a resolution of approximately 100 to 150 μm.
- 8. Common clinical applications for IVUS 1. Assessment of lesion calcium 2. Vessel and lesion dimensions 3. Confirmation of atherosclerotic plaque 4. Adequacy of stent deployment
- 9. Image Features of IVUS • The relative echolucency of media compared with intima and adventitia gives rise to a three-layered appearance (bright-dark-bright). • The basic image features are listed here from the center outward: Dead zone Catheter artifact Lumen Inner layer Middle Outer echogenic layer
- 10. Cross-sectional format of a typical IVUS image . The bright-dark-bright, three- layered appearance is seen in the image with corresponding anatomy.
- 11. Dimensional Measurements • Lumen and vessel diameters. Minimal, maximal, and mean diameters may be obtained. • Percentage diameter or area stenosis is the lumen diameter or area within the lesion segment divided by the lumen diameter or area within the reference segment. This is similar to the measurements made by angiography.
- 12. • Total vessel area. The vessel cross- sectional area is the area confined within the external elastic lamina or the media-adventitia interface. • Lumen area is confined within the lumen-intima interface.
- 13. • Wall area (intima and media) equals total area minus lumen area. • In abnormal vessels, this is the plaque area (also called plaque plus media area).
- 14. • Percentage plaque area (also called plaque burden or percentage cross-sectional narrowing) • Percentage plaque area = (total area - lumen area/total area) × 100. • Indices of Eccentricity. A lesion eccentricity index (LECC) is calculated by lumen dimensions: LECC = maximum diameter/minimum diameter.
- 15. IVUS Plaque Morphology • Soft Plaque: echogenicity less than the surrounding adventitia • Fibrous Plaque: intermediate echogenicity between those of soft plaques and highly echogenic calcified plaques
- 16. • Calcified Plaque: echogenicity higher than that of the adventitia with acoustic shadowing • Mixed Plaque: more than one subtype contained within the plaque
- 17. Additional Plaque Features • Plaque Location • Intimal Flap or Dissection • Thrombus • Aneurysm • Side Branches
- 18. Vulnerable Plaque • Atherosclerotic Lesions at High Risk for Rupture. IVUS characteristics of vulnerable plaque
- 19. Applications of IVUS Diagnostic Applications • Ambiguous Angiograms and Indeterminate Coronary Lesions • Evaluation of the Left Main Coronary Artery • Evaluation of Transplant Vasculopathy Interventional Applications • Vessel Sizing • IVUS Imaging in Coronary Stenting • Strut Malapposition • Management of Stent Restenosis • Assessment of Complications After Intervention
- 20. Thank you