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PCI 
University of Duhok 
Faculty of Medical Science 
School of Nursing 
PPeerrccuuttaanneeoouuss CCoorroonnaarryy 
IInntteerrvveennttiioonn 
Prepared by : 
Abdulrahman Taha 
Znar A. Tamar 
Rojin Salim 
Hivi Abdulsalam 
Chihan Ibrahim
PCI 
 OObbjjeeccttiivvee 
TToo iinnccrreeaassee nnuurrsseess kknnoowwlleeddggee rreellaatteedd ttoo 
PPCCII ((PPeerrccuuttaanneeoouuss CCoorroonnaarryy 
IInntteerrvveennttiioonn))
PCI 
 Less invasive alternative ttoo ccoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy 
bbyyppaassss ssuurrggeerryy 
 VVeerryy ssiimmiillaarr ttoo ccaarrddiiaacc ccaatthheetteerriizzaattiioonn
Types of PCI 
11.. BBaalllloooonn ttiippppeedd aannggiiooppllaassttyy wwiitthh aanndd wwiitthhoouutt 
sstteenntt
Types of PCI 
22.. CCoorroonnaarryy aatthheerreeccttoommyy –– 
3. EXCIMER laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) 
– laser vaporizes atheroma
PCI 
 IInnddiiccaattiioonnss :: 
 UUnnssttaabbllee oorr cchhrroonniicc 
aannggiinnaa 
 AAccuuttee oorr ppoosstt aaccuuttee MMII 
 PPoosstt CCAABBGG wwiitthh ppoosstt 
ooppeerraattiivvee aannggiinnaa 
 CCoonnttrraaiinnddiiccaattiioonnss :: 
 LLeefftt mmaaiinn ddiisseeaassee 
uunnlleessss pprrootteecctteedd wwiitthh 
bbyyppaassss 
 DDiiffffuussee ddiisseeaassee 
 DDiisseeaassee ddiissttaall ttoo aarreeaa 
ffoorr iinntteerrvveennttiioonn 
 CCoorroonnaarryy oorriiffiiccee 
sstteennoossiiss 
 VVaarriiaanntt aannggiinnaa –– ssppaassmm 
 TToorrttuurroouuss vveesssseellss –– 
ssoommee ccaann bbee PPCCII 
wwiitthhoouutt sstteenntt
PCI 
 CCaatthheetteerr tthhrreeaaddeedd 
tthhrroouugghh aarrtteerryy –– 
uussuuaallllyy ffeemmoorraall oorr 
rraaddiiaall ttoo tthhee aaoorrttiicc rroooott 
 GGuuiiddee wwiirree iiss tthheenn 
iinnsseerrtteedd iinnttoo tthhee 
ccoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy aanndd 
aaddvvaanncceedd ppaasstt tthhee aarreeaa 
ooff sstteennoossiiss
PCI 
 BBaalllloooonn ttiippppeedd 
ccaatthheetteerr iinnsseerrtteedd oovveerr 
gguuiiddee wwiirree uunnttiill 
bbaalllloooonn iiss iinn aarreeaa ooff 
sstteennoossiiss 
 BBaalllloooonn iiss iinnffllaatteedd 
ppuusshhiinngg ppllaaqquuee aaggaaiinnsstt 
tthhee vveesssseell wwaallll
PCI 
 MMoosstt PPCCII aarree 
ppeerrffoorrmmeedd wwiitthh tthhee uussee 
ooff sstteennttss 
 WWiirree mmeesshh ccooiill ppuusshheedd 
aaggaaiinnsstt vveesssseell wwaallll ttoo 
pprreevveenntt cclloossuurree ooff tthhee 
vveesssseell ppoosstt pprroocceedduurree
PCI 
 Presence of aa ffoorreeiiggnn oobbjjeecctt iinn tthhee vveesssseell ccaann 
iinndduuccee cclloott ffoorrmmaattiioonn aanndd tthheerreeffoorree rreesstteennoossiiss 
 DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff ddrruugg eelluuddiinngg sstteennttss hhaass rreedduucceedd 
tthhiiss rriisskk
Possible Complications During 
the Procedure 
 AArrrrhhyytthhmmiiaass 
 VVaassoovvaaggaall rreeaaccttiioonn 
 TThhrroommbbooeemmbboolliissmm 
 TTaammppoonnaaddee 
 MMII 
 BBlleeeeddiinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee 
 CCoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy ddiisssseeccttiioonn 
 AAlllleerrggyy ttoo ccoonnttrraasstt mmeeddiiuumm 
 PPuullmmoonnaarryy eeddeemmaa 
 PPuullmmoonnaarryy eemmbboolliissmm 
 CCeerreebbrraall vvaassccuullaarr aacccciiddeenntt
Post Procedure Management 
 l Return from cath laabb wwiitthh IIIIbbIIIIIIaa iinnhhiibbiittoorr 
iinnffuussiinngg 
 PPaattiieennttss rreemmaaiinn ffllaatt –– oonn bbeedd rreesstt 
 SShheeaatthh rreemmaaiinnss iinn ppllaaccee uunnttiill hheeppaarriinn rreecceeiivveedd 
dduurriinngg tthhee pprroocceedduurree wweeaarrss ooffff 
 TThhiiss ccaann bbee ddeetteerrmmiinneedd bbyy ttiimmee oorr tteessttiinngg AACCTT 
((nnoorrmmaall 7700--112200 sseecc..,, tthheerraappeeuuttiicc 115500--119900 sseecc)) 
 FFeemmoorraall sshheeaatthhss rreemmoovveedd bbyy ssppeecciiaallllyy ttrraaiinneedd aanndd 
cceerrttiiffiieedd nnuurrssee 
 RRaaddiiaall sshheeaatthhss rreemmoovveedd bbyy MMDD
Post Procedure Management 
 PPoosstt sshheeaatthh rreemmoovvaall 
 PPaattiieenntt rreemmaaiinnss ffllaatt ffoorr mmiinniimmuumm 44 hhoouurrss 
 FFrreeqquueenntt mmoonniittoorriinngg ooff vv//ss,, ccaarrddiiaacc rrhhyytthhmm,, ppeerriipphheerraall 
ppuullsseess,, cchheesstt ppaaiinn,, LLOOCC,, bblleeeeddiinngg oorr oooozziinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree 
ssiittee,, ccllaammpp ppllaacceemmeenntt,, hheemmaattoommaa ffoorrmmaattiioonn,, bbaacckk ppaaiinn,, 
lleegg ppaaiinn 
 CCllaammpp rreemmaaiinnss oonn ffoorr aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 3300 mmiinnuutteess –– 
rreelleeaasseedd iinn iinnccrreemmeennttss 
 PPaattiieenntt nneeeeddss ttoo rreemmaaiinn ffllaatt dduurriinngg ccllaammpp ttiimmee aanndd ffoorr 
sseevveerraall hhoouurrss ppoosstt rreemmoovvaall 
 MMuusstt aavvooiidd aannyytthhiinngg wwhhiicchh wwiillll iinnccrreeaassee iinnttrraa-- 
aabbddoommiinnaall pprreessssuurree
Potential Complications 
 PPaaiinn aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee 
Management : 
CChheecckk ssiittee 
AAsssseessss lliimmbbss 
AAddmmiinniisstteerr aannaallggeessiicc 
NNoottiiffyy MMDD iiff 
uunnrreelliieevveedd
Potential Complications 
 VVaassoovvaaggaall RReeaaccttiioonn –– AA ttrraannssiieenntt 
vvaassccuullaarr aanndd nneeuurrooggeenniicc rreeaaccttiioonn ttoo 
vvaassccuullaarr iirrrriittaattiioonn,, aanndd 
ppaarraassyymmppaatthheettiicc nneerrvvoouuss ssyysstteemm 
ssttiimmuullaattiioonn,, mmaarrkkeedd bbyy:: 
 BBrraaddyyccaarrddiiaa –– SSuuddddeenn 
ddeeccrreeaassee iinn HHRR bbyy 1155%% oorr 
ggrreeaatteerr 
 HHyyppootteennssiioonn –– SSuuddddeenn 
ddeeccrreeaassee iinn ssyyssttoolliicc bblloooodd 
pprreessssuurree bbyy 1155%% oorr ggrreeaatteerr 
 NNaauusseeaa 
 VVoommiittiinngg 
 CCoolldd ccllaammmmyy sskkiinn 
 DDiiaapphhoorreettiicc 
 PPaallee 
Management : 
 IIVV fflluuiiddss ((110000--220000mmLL)) 
 HHeeaadd ooff bbeedd ffllaatt 
 IIVV aattrrooppiinnee 
 SSlliigghhtt rreelleeaassee ooff ccllaammpp 
uunnlleessss bblleeeeddiinngg ooccccuurrss 
 NNoottiiffyy MMDD
Potential Complications 
Management : 
 BBlleeeeddiinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee –– 
HHeemmaattoommaa oorr hheemmoorrrrhhaaggee  RReeaasssseessss ccllaammpp ppoossiittiioonn 
aanndd//oorr aappppllyy mmaannuuaall 
pprreessssuurree 
 IIff eexxtteennssiivvee nnoottiiffyy MMDD 
 AAsssseessss vviittaall ssiiggnnss
Potential Complications 
 BBaacckk PPaaiinn 
 DDuuee ttoo pprroolloonnggeedd 
ppeerriioodd ooff 
iimmmmoobbiilliittyy dduurriinngg 
bbeedd rreesstt 
Management : 
 PPaattiieenntt mmaayy bbeenndd 
uunnaaffffeecctteedd lleegg 
 AAss ppeerriioodd ooff bbeedd rreesstt 
pprrooggrreesssseess HHOOBB mmaayy 
bbee eelleevvaatteedd ggrraadduuaallllyy 
ttoo nnoo mmoorree tthhaann 3300 
ddeeggrreeeess
Potential Complications 
 AAccuuttee ttuubbuullaarr nneeccrroossiiss 
aanndd rreennaall ffaaiilluurree 
 DDuuee ttoo ccoonnttrraasstt 
mmeeddiiuumm 
Management : 
 HHyyddrraattiioonn –– eennccoouurraaggee 
fflluuiidd aafftteerr hheemmoossttaassiiss
The 
End

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Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI),(Kurdistan)

  • 1. PCI University of Duhok Faculty of Medical Science School of Nursing PPeerrccuuttaanneeoouuss CCoorroonnaarryy IInntteerrvveennttiioonn Prepared by : Abdulrahman Taha Znar A. Tamar Rojin Salim Hivi Abdulsalam Chihan Ibrahim
  • 2. PCI  OObbjjeeccttiivvee TToo iinnccrreeaassee nnuurrsseess kknnoowwlleeddggee rreellaatteedd ttoo PPCCII ((PPeerrccuuttaanneeoouuss CCoorroonnaarryy IInntteerrvveennttiioonn))
  • 3. PCI  Less invasive alternative ttoo ccoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy bbyyppaassss ssuurrggeerryy  VVeerryy ssiimmiillaarr ttoo ccaarrddiiaacc ccaatthheetteerriizzaattiioonn
  • 4. Types of PCI 11.. BBaalllloooonn ttiippppeedd aannggiiooppllaassttyy wwiitthh aanndd wwiitthhoouutt sstteenntt
  • 5. Types of PCI 22.. CCoorroonnaarryy aatthheerreeccttoommyy –– 3. EXCIMER laser coronary atherectomy (ELCA) – laser vaporizes atheroma
  • 6. PCI  IInnddiiccaattiioonnss ::  UUnnssttaabbllee oorr cchhrroonniicc aannggiinnaa  AAccuuttee oorr ppoosstt aaccuuttee MMII  PPoosstt CCAABBGG wwiitthh ppoosstt ooppeerraattiivvee aannggiinnaa  CCoonnttrraaiinnddiiccaattiioonnss ::  LLeefftt mmaaiinn ddiisseeaassee uunnlleessss pprrootteecctteedd wwiitthh bbyyppaassss  DDiiffffuussee ddiisseeaassee  DDiisseeaassee ddiissttaall ttoo aarreeaa ffoorr iinntteerrvveennttiioonn  CCoorroonnaarryy oorriiffiiccee sstteennoossiiss  VVaarriiaanntt aannggiinnaa –– ssppaassmm  TToorrttuurroouuss vveesssseellss –– ssoommee ccaann bbee PPCCII wwiitthhoouutt sstteenntt
  • 7. PCI  CCaatthheetteerr tthhrreeaaddeedd tthhrroouugghh aarrtteerryy –– uussuuaallllyy ffeemmoorraall oorr rraaddiiaall ttoo tthhee aaoorrttiicc rroooott  GGuuiiddee wwiirree iiss tthheenn iinnsseerrtteedd iinnttoo tthhee ccoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy aanndd aaddvvaanncceedd ppaasstt tthhee aarreeaa ooff sstteennoossiiss
  • 8. PCI  BBaalllloooonn ttiippppeedd ccaatthheetteerr iinnsseerrtteedd oovveerr gguuiiddee wwiirree uunnttiill bbaalllloooonn iiss iinn aarreeaa ooff sstteennoossiiss  BBaalllloooonn iiss iinnffllaatteedd ppuusshhiinngg ppllaaqquuee aaggaaiinnsstt tthhee vveesssseell wwaallll
  • 9. PCI  MMoosstt PPCCII aarree ppeerrffoorrmmeedd wwiitthh tthhee uussee ooff sstteennttss  WWiirree mmeesshh ccooiill ppuusshheedd aaggaaiinnsstt vveesssseell wwaallll ttoo pprreevveenntt cclloossuurree ooff tthhee vveesssseell ppoosstt pprroocceedduurree
  • 10. PCI  Presence of aa ffoorreeiiggnn oobbjjeecctt iinn tthhee vveesssseell ccaann iinndduuccee cclloott ffoorrmmaattiioonn aanndd tthheerreeffoorree rreesstteennoossiiss  DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff ddrruugg eelluuddiinngg sstteennttss hhaass rreedduucceedd tthhiiss rriisskk
  • 11. Possible Complications During the Procedure  AArrrrhhyytthhmmiiaass  VVaassoovvaaggaall rreeaaccttiioonn  TThhrroommbbooeemmbboolliissmm  TTaammppoonnaaddee  MMII  BBlleeeeddiinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee  CCoorroonnaarryy aarrtteerryy ddiisssseeccttiioonn  AAlllleerrggyy ttoo ccoonnttrraasstt mmeeddiiuumm  PPuullmmoonnaarryy eeddeemmaa  PPuullmmoonnaarryy eemmbboolliissmm  CCeerreebbrraall vvaassccuullaarr aacccciiddeenntt
  • 12. Post Procedure Management  l Return from cath laabb wwiitthh IIIIbbIIIIIIaa iinnhhiibbiittoorr iinnffuussiinngg  PPaattiieennttss rreemmaaiinn ffllaatt –– oonn bbeedd rreesstt  SShheeaatthh rreemmaaiinnss iinn ppllaaccee uunnttiill hheeppaarriinn rreecceeiivveedd dduurriinngg tthhee pprroocceedduurree wweeaarrss ooffff  TThhiiss ccaann bbee ddeetteerrmmiinneedd bbyy ttiimmee oorr tteessttiinngg AACCTT ((nnoorrmmaall 7700--112200 sseecc..,, tthheerraappeeuuttiicc 115500--119900 sseecc))  FFeemmoorraall sshheeaatthhss rreemmoovveedd bbyy ssppeecciiaallllyy ttrraaiinneedd aanndd cceerrttiiffiieedd nnuurrssee  RRaaddiiaall sshheeaatthhss rreemmoovveedd bbyy MMDD
  • 13. Post Procedure Management  PPoosstt sshheeaatthh rreemmoovvaall  PPaattiieenntt rreemmaaiinnss ffllaatt ffoorr mmiinniimmuumm 44 hhoouurrss  FFrreeqquueenntt mmoonniittoorriinngg ooff vv//ss,, ccaarrddiiaacc rrhhyytthhmm,, ppeerriipphheerraall ppuullsseess,, cchheesstt ppaaiinn,, LLOOCC,, bblleeeeddiinngg oorr oooozziinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee,, ccllaammpp ppllaacceemmeenntt,, hheemmaattoommaa ffoorrmmaattiioonn,, bbaacckk ppaaiinn,, lleegg ppaaiinn  CCllaammpp rreemmaaiinnss oonn ffoorr aapppprrooxxiimmaatteellyy 3300 mmiinnuutteess –– rreelleeaasseedd iinn iinnccrreemmeennttss  PPaattiieenntt nneeeeddss ttoo rreemmaaiinn ffllaatt dduurriinngg ccllaammpp ttiimmee aanndd ffoorr sseevveerraall hhoouurrss ppoosstt rreemmoovvaall  MMuusstt aavvooiidd aannyytthhiinngg wwhhiicchh wwiillll iinnccrreeaassee iinnttrraa-- aabbddoommiinnaall pprreessssuurree
  • 14. Potential Complications  PPaaiinn aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee Management : CChheecckk ssiittee AAsssseessss lliimmbbss AAddmmiinniisstteerr aannaallggeessiicc NNoottiiffyy MMDD iiff uunnrreelliieevveedd
  • 15. Potential Complications  VVaassoovvaaggaall RReeaaccttiioonn –– AA ttrraannssiieenntt vvaassccuullaarr aanndd nneeuurrooggeenniicc rreeaaccttiioonn ttoo vvaassccuullaarr iirrrriittaattiioonn,, aanndd ppaarraassyymmppaatthheettiicc nneerrvvoouuss ssyysstteemm ssttiimmuullaattiioonn,, mmaarrkkeedd bbyy::  BBrraaddyyccaarrddiiaa –– SSuuddddeenn ddeeccrreeaassee iinn HHRR bbyy 1155%% oorr ggrreeaatteerr  HHyyppootteennssiioonn –– SSuuddddeenn ddeeccrreeaassee iinn ssyyssttoolliicc bblloooodd pprreessssuurree bbyy 1155%% oorr ggrreeaatteerr  NNaauusseeaa  VVoommiittiinngg  CCoolldd ccllaammmmyy sskkiinn  DDiiaapphhoorreettiicc  PPaallee Management :  IIVV fflluuiiddss ((110000--220000mmLL))  HHeeaadd ooff bbeedd ffllaatt  IIVV aattrrooppiinnee  SSlliigghhtt rreelleeaassee ooff ccllaammpp uunnlleessss bblleeeeddiinngg ooccccuurrss  NNoottiiffyy MMDD
  • 16. Potential Complications Management :  BBlleeeeddiinngg aatt ppuunnccttuurree ssiittee –– HHeemmaattoommaa oorr hheemmoorrrrhhaaggee  RReeaasssseessss ccllaammpp ppoossiittiioonn aanndd//oorr aappppllyy mmaannuuaall pprreessssuurree  IIff eexxtteennssiivvee nnoottiiffyy MMDD  AAsssseessss vviittaall ssiiggnnss
  • 17. Potential Complications  BBaacckk PPaaiinn  DDuuee ttoo pprroolloonnggeedd ppeerriioodd ooff iimmmmoobbiilliittyy dduurriinngg bbeedd rreesstt Management :  PPaattiieenntt mmaayy bbeenndd uunnaaffffeecctteedd lleegg  AAss ppeerriioodd ooff bbeedd rreesstt pprrooggrreesssseess HHOOBB mmaayy bbee eelleevvaatteedd ggrraadduuaallllyy ttoo nnoo mmoorree tthhaann 3300 ddeeggrreeeess
  • 18. Potential Complications  AAccuuttee ttuubbuullaarr nneeccrroossiiss aanndd rreennaall ffaaiilluurree  DDuuee ttoo ccoonnttrraasstt mmeeddiiuumm Management :  HHyyddrraattiioonn –– eennccoouurraaggee fflluuiidd aafftteerr hheemmoossttaassiiss