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Perceptions
The document discusses perception as a process of selecting, organizing, and interpreting sensory information to make sense of the environment, emphasizing that behavior is based on perceived reality rather than objective reality. It outlines various factors influencing perception, such as social perception, barriers like stereotyping and the halo effect, and biases like the self-fulfilling prophecy and recency effect. Additionally, it illustrates how these perceptual processes affect individual understanding and interactions with others.
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Perceptions
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- 2. Brief Contents: - Sensation What is Perception? The Perceptual Process Factors Affecting Perceptual Selection Social Perception Barriers of Perception ` Stereotyping Halo Effect Self Fulfilling prophecy Projection Bias Recency Effect
- 3. What is Perception? A process by which individuals select, organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give meaning to their environment. People’s behavior is based on their perception of what reality is, not on reality itself. The world as it is perceived is the world that is behaviorally important.
- 4. Sensation: Sensation isfirst step in the perceptual process. The initial contact between organisms and their physical environment. Sensation refers to the state when the raw sensory inputs are registered by our sensory organs.
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- 6. Factors Affecting PerceptualSelection: -
- 7. Perceptual Organization :- The process by which people group stimuli into recognizable patterns. Having selected stimuli or data, these need to be organized in some form so as to assign some meaning to them. Example:- an object made of wood- 4 legs, seat, back, armrests- recognize to be a chair.
- 8. Social Perception :- Social perception is the process of combining, integrating and interpreting information about others to gain an accurate understanding of them. Social perception affects the way we view the world around us. It depends on: i) Characteristics of the Perceiver ii) Characteristics of the Target iii) Characteristics of the Situation
- 9. Barriers of Perception:- Stereotyping:- The tendency to attribute positive or negative characteristics to others on the basis of general categorization and perceived similarities. Common stereotypes may be based on nationality, occupation, physical attributes, education, social status, politics, gender, etc. . Prejudice is a stereotype having strong negative characteristics.
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- 11. Halo Effect : It occurs when our impressions of a person usually is based on one single predominant observable characteristics. Halo effect need not mean overrating positive characteristics, an individual may be down rated based on the negative evaluation of his/her behavior. This process is known as Rusty halo or horn Effect.
- 12. Self Fulfillingprophecy :- It occurs when our expectations about another person causes that person to act in a way that is consistent with those expectations. In other words our perception can affect the reality. Projection Bias :- It occurs when an individual believes that other person have the same beliefs and behaviors. Recency Effect :- It occurs when the most recent information dominates our perceptions.