This document discusses vertical evacuation structures for tsunamis. It provides examples of life-saving towers and tsunami refuges built in Japan, which are reinforced concrete structures designed to accommodate hundreds of refugees on upper floors. Guidelines are presented for the design of vertical evacuation structures from tsunamis published by FEMA, including the construction and reconstruction of traditional coastal dwellings within 100-200 meters of the coast in consultation with local communities. References are listed for further information on tsunami-resistant buildings and vertical evacuation.

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http://andhitapradipta.github.io/ternate-tsunami/house-on-stilts.html

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Tsunami inundation maps suggesting that 90
percent of all possible tsunamis would generate
water depths of 4.5 meters
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11. 2. TSUNAMI VERTICAL EVACUATION

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25. Life-Saving Tower

26. Nishiki Tower. Refuge at Shirahama Beach Resort
It is designed to accommodate 700 refugees in the area of 700
square meters.

27. Tsunami refuge in Kaifu, Japan.
A reinforced concrete structure in the town of Kaifu, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan is
designed as a tsunami refugee

28. Aonae Elementary School. Upper floor is intended
for use as tsunami refuge space.

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• Construction/reconstructio
n of dwelling units of
traditional coastal
communities including
fisherfolk may be permitted
within 100-200 m by the
government in consultation
with the traditional coastal
communities and
concerned authorities.

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34. http://www.reidsteel.com/steel-buildings/resilient-steel-structures/tsunami-resistant-building/
http://architecture.about.com/od/disastersandcollapses/a/Tsunami-Proof-Building.htm
https://www.fema.gov/breakaway-wall
https://www.fema.gov/media-library-data/20130726-1645-20490-3818/757_apd_4_breakawaywalls.pdf
Guidelines for Designof Structures for Vertical Evacuation from Tsunamis
Prepared BY FEMA (FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY) , National Earthquake Hazard Reduction Program
https://www.asme.org/engineering-topics/articles/manufacturing-processing/tsunami-forces-debate-over-vertical-
evacuation
http://ci.cannon-beach.or.us/community/TVER%20report%202-24-2012submitted.pdf
http://nidm.gov.in/pdf/guidelines/new/ndmaguidelinesmanagementofsunamis.pdf
References: