Notes for Architecture 4th Year subject Services. The topic is about Acoustic, how does it work for different places, how we can treat spaces according to acoustic and for better acoustic
Notes for Architecture 4th Year subject Services. The topic is about Acoustic, how does it work for different places, how we can treat spaces according to acoustic and for better acoustic
“a science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.”
it is the science of controlling sound within buildings.
The property of surface by which sound energy (kinetic energy) is converted into other form of energy, generally heat energy (due to friction) and get absorbed.
There is no royal road for making a particular room acoustically good. It mainly depends on the ideas of the engineer or the Architect. Each case is to be studied separately and after proper thinking and calculations, suitable materials may be specified.
The behavior of sound in enclosed spaces is an important matter particularly in homes. It explains how the sound we listen gets colored causing distortion.
Auditorium Literature Study & Design ConsiderationsVartika Sharma
The presentation includes basic fundamentals to keep in mind while designing an Auditorium.
Source:
• National Building Code (NBC),
• Time Saver Standards-Building Types (TSS),
• Neufert
• IS Code - is.2526.1963
An acoustic case study that covers a research of the project of "The Solaris and Leisure Centre, Estonia ", documenting through writings, sketches, acoustical information and photos. This would help to understand the various aspects of designing and constructing an auditorium keeping the acoustics in mind.
Introduction
Types
Building Rules & Regulations
Orientation
External Circulation
External Elements
Grouping
Internal Circulation
Space Analysis
Building Services
The Kanchanjunga Apartments, designed by Charles Correa, are a direct response to the present culture, the escalating urbanization, and the climatic conditions for the region. They pay homage to the vernacular architecture that once stood on the site before the development in a number of ways. More on Kanchanjunga Apartments after the break.
“a science that deals with the production, control, transmission, reception, and effects of sound.”
it is the science of controlling sound within buildings.
The property of surface by which sound energy (kinetic energy) is converted into other form of energy, generally heat energy (due to friction) and get absorbed.
There is no royal road for making a particular room acoustically good. It mainly depends on the ideas of the engineer or the Architect. Each case is to be studied separately and after proper thinking and calculations, suitable materials may be specified.
The behavior of sound in enclosed spaces is an important matter particularly in homes. It explains how the sound we listen gets colored causing distortion.
Auditorium Literature Study & Design ConsiderationsVartika Sharma
The presentation includes basic fundamentals to keep in mind while designing an Auditorium.
Source:
• National Building Code (NBC),
• Time Saver Standards-Building Types (TSS),
• Neufert
• IS Code - is.2526.1963
An acoustic case study that covers a research of the project of "The Solaris and Leisure Centre, Estonia ", documenting through writings, sketches, acoustical information and photos. This would help to understand the various aspects of designing and constructing an auditorium keeping the acoustics in mind.
Introduction
Types
Building Rules & Regulations
Orientation
External Circulation
External Elements
Grouping
Internal Circulation
Space Analysis
Building Services
The Kanchanjunga Apartments, designed by Charles Correa, are a direct response to the present culture, the escalating urbanization, and the climatic conditions for the region. They pay homage to the vernacular architecture that once stood on the site before the development in a number of ways. More on Kanchanjunga Apartments after the break.
Program Level: This is a level 200 program. Intended for individuals familiar with green building principles and practices.
Who Should Come: Individuals involved in the building design, construction and renovation industries, especially those who are interested in optimizing daylighting to reduce energy consumption and enhance occupant comfort and productivity.
"When properly designed and effectively integrated with the electric lighting system, daylighting can offer significant energy savings by offsetting a portion of the electric lighting load. A related benefit is the reduction in cooling capacity and use by lowering a significant component of internal gains. In addition to energy savings, daylighting generally improves occupant satisfaction and comfort. Windows also provide visual relief, a contact with nature, time orientation, the possibility of ventilation, and emergency egress."
-US Department of Energy
Daylighting has the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption, improve life-cycle cost, and increase occupant productivity and wellbeing. In light of the inherent value of strategic daylighting design, dont miss the opportunity to join GRTs own Holly Wasilowski as she presents a 2.0-hour intro-level training on the principles of daylighting for buildings.
Mechanical ventilation ppt including airway, ventilator, tubings and connections, nursing management, trouble shooting common problems and issues, suctioning etc.
ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES – V (ACOUSTICS) (RAR – 806)
MODULE-1 – BUILDING ACOUSTICS
(COMMON ACOUSTICAL DEFECTS AND
RECOMMENDED REMEDIES) Presented by Ar. Manish Kumar, Assistant Professor in
Architecture Department at Axis Institute of
Architecture
Factors affecting acoustics of buildings and their remedies.Burhanuddin Kapadia
Acoustics plays an important role in the sound ergonomics
due to which sound can be distributed equally to entire hall.
the following slide gives an overview of the factors of acoustics and its remedies.
Absorption of sound, various materials, Sabine’ s formula, optimum reverberation time, conditions for good acoustics
Sound insulation: Acceptable noise levels, noise prevention at its source, transmission of noise, Noise control-general
considerations
Sports Acoustics is an important branch of Sports Engineering. Sound makes sports wonderful. This presentation is prepared by ANEESH K S, Certified Sports Engineer (Trainee) at Sports & Management Research Institute (SMRI)
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
In this webinar you will learn how your organization can access TechSoup's wide variety of product discount and donation programs. From hardware to software, we'll give you a tour of the tools available to help your nonprofit with productivity, collaboration, financial management, donor tracking, security, and more.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
4. • Reverberation is the persistence of
sound in the enclosed space , after the
source of sound has stopped.
• Reverberant sound is the reflected
sound , as a result of improper
absorption.
• Reverberation may results in confusion
with the sound created next.
4
5. However some reverberation is
essential for improving quality sound.
The time during which the sound
persists is called the reverberation time
of sound in the hall.
As per Prof. W .C. Sabins reverberation
time ‘t’ is given by formula :-
t= 0.16V /A where V=volume of room in cubic
meters
A= total absorbing power of all the
surfaces of room/ hall.
5
8. Reverberation time & quality of sound
Reverberation time should remain within
limits as per Indian Standard Code: 2526-
1963.
8
Sr.
No.
RECOMMENDED TIME IN
SECONDS
ACOUSTICS
1 0.50 to 1.50 Excellent
2 1.50 to 2.00 Good
3 2.00 to 3.00 Fairly good
4 3.00 to 5.00 Bad
5 Above 5.0 seconds Very bad
9. Remedies
The reverberation time can be controlled by
the suitable choice of building materials and
furnishing materials.
Since open windows allow the sound energy
to flow out of the hall, there should be a
limited number of windows. They may be
opened or closed to obtain optimum
reverberation time.
9
11. Echo's
Not all sound that hits matter is
absorbed. Some of it is reflected. That
means sound bounces off the solid
matter the way a tennis ball bounces off
a wall. Sound reflected back to its
source is an echo.
11
12. An echo is produced when the reflected
sound wave reaches the ear just when
the original sound from the same source
has been already heard.
Thus there is repetition of sound.
The sensation of sound persists for
1/10th of a second after the source has
ceased.
Thus an echo must reach after 1/10th
second of the direct sound
12
13. Multiple echoes may be heard when a
sound is reflected from a number of
reflecting surfaces placed suitably.
This defect can be removed by selecting
proper shape of the hall .
And by providing rough and porous interior
surfaces to disperse the energy of echoes.
13
14. Remedies
This defect is avoided by selecting proper
shape for the auditorium. Use of splayed side
walls instead of parallel walls greatly reduces
the problem and enhance the acoustical
quality of the hall.
Echoes may be avoided by covering the
opposite walls and high ceiling with
absorptive material.
14
16. Some times shape of the hall makes sound
waves to concentrate in some particular
areas of hall creating a sound of large
quality.
These spots are called sound foci.
This defect can be removed by
Geometrical design shapes of the interior faces.
Providing highly absorbent materials on critical
areas (curved spaces).
16
18. This defect is the out come of formation of
sound foci.
Because of high concentration of reflected
sound at sound foci , there is deficiency of
related sound at some other points.
These spots are known as dead spots where
sound intensity is so low that it is insufficient for
hearing.
This defect can be removed by suitably placing
diffusers and reflectors.
Right proportions of internal spaces.
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21. External noises from vehicles , traffic engines ,
factories , machines etc. may enter the hall either
through the openings or even through walls and
other structural elements having improper sound
insulation.
This defect can be removed by proper planning
of the hall with respect to its surroundings and
by proper sound insulation of external walls.
21
22. Acoustical design of halls
The initial sound from the source should be of
adequate intensity so that it can be heard
throughout the hall .
For halls of big sizes suitable sound
amplification system should be installed.
The sound produced should be evenly
distributed so that there is no dead spots and
sound foci.
22
23. Acoustical design of halls
The boundary surface should be so
designed that there are no echoes or near
echoes.
Desired reverberation time should be
achieved by proper placement of
absorbents on wall.
The out side noise should be eliminated.
23
24. Noise
Noise is unwanted sound which masks the satisfactory
hearing of speech and music.
There are mainly three types of noises that are to be
minimized.
They are (i) air-borne noise,
(ii) structure-borne noise and
(iii) internal noise.
24
25. (i) Air-Borne Noise
The noise that comes into building through air from
distant sources is called air-borne noise.
A part of it directly enters the hall through the open
windows, doors or other openings while another part
enters by transmission through walls and floors.
Remedies
The building may be located on quite sites away from
heavy traffic, market places, railway stations, airports
etc.
They may be shaded from noise by interposing a
buffer zone of trees, gardens etc.
25
26. (ii) Structure-Borne Noise
The noise which comes from impact sources on the
structural extents of the building is known- as the
structure-borne noise. It is directly transmitted to the
building by vibrations in the structure. The common
sources of this type of noise are foot-steps, moving of
furniture, operating machinery etc.
Remedies
The problem due to machinery and domestic
appliances can be overcome by placing vibration
isolators between machines and their supports.
Cavity walls, compound walls may be used to increase
the noise transmission loss.
26
27. (iii) Internal Noise
Internal noise is the noise produced in the hall or
office etc.
They are produced by air conditioners, movement of
people etc.
Remedies
The walls, floors and ceilings may be provided with
enough sound absorbing materials.
The gadgets or machinery should be placed on sound
absorbent material.
27