This document discusses the moderate climate of Bangalore, India. It has mild summers and cool winters, with a temperature range of 15-35°C and average annual relative humidity of 65.2%. Passive design techniques used for buildings in moderate climates aim to reduce heat gain and promote ventilation and heat loss. Examples mentioned include earth contact cooling via buried pipes, evaporative cooling using roof ponds, radiant cooling with structural slabs, and passive downdraft evaporative cooling combined with night sky radiation. Common building materials are stone, lime mortar, and stone slab roofs.

1. Moderate
climate

2. MODERATE CLIMATE
• The moderate climate has mild to warm summers and cool winters.
• The need for winter home heating is greater than the need for summer cooling.
• It is a relatively comfortable climate, especially near the coast, where summers are cooler and
winters warmer than further inland.
• In the mountains of the Great Dividing Range, winters are cold and summers are pleasantly mild.
• Few opening on external side other than door.
AVERAGE TEMPERATURE
April is the warmest month of the year. The temperature in
April averages 27.1 °C. The lowest average temperatures in the
year occur in December, when it is around 20.7 °C.
AVERAGE PRECIPITATION

3. • MAJOR PLACES IN INDIA WITH MODERATE
CLIMATE
• Bangalore
• Pune
BANGALORE
• Latitude: 120 58’ N
• Longitude: 770 35’ E
• Altitude: 921m above mean sea level
• Temperature range: 15.10C to 350C
• Relative humidity: 65.2% (average annual
relative humidity)

4. BANGALORE WEATHER BY MONTH /WEATHER AVERAGES
There is a difference of 181 mm of precipitation between the driest and wettest months. The
variation in temperatures throughout the year is 6.4 °C.

5. • Bangalore is the city safe from natural disasters.
• Earthquake: Bangalore is very far from the fault zone and lies in zone II in the Seismic
Zoning Map of India and it is very stable and not prone to earthquakes
• Tsunami: it is landlocked and 920m above sea level
• Floods: it lies in a rain shadow of western Ghats thus floods are rare
• Apart from this man-made disasters like terrorist attacks, explosions, exposure to
radioactive and hazardous materials, massive spread of diseases like Ebola and
groundwater contamination.
• Bangalore is starting to feel the shortage of water, so drought like conditions may occur in
future years.
CALAMITIES PRONE TO-

6. BANGALORE:-The design criteria
In the moderate zone are to reduce heat gain by providing shading and to promote heat loss by
Ventilation.
Some of the design features for buildings in this climate are:
Appropriate orientation and shape of building.
Roof of insulation and east and west wall insulation
Walls facing east and west glass surface protected by overhangs,fins,and tress
Pale colors and glazed china mosaic tiles
Windows and exhausts
Courtyards and arrangement of openings
BUILDING MATERIALS USED:-
Floor:-Lime stone
Walls: stone masonry with lime motor
Roof: Stone slabs with lime concrete screed cover for flat roof
PASSIVE FEATURES
Reduction of solar heat gain
By orientation of the bedroom towards north
By shading of east and west walls by neighboring building
By sharing the windows and walls with projecting stone slabs
Reduction of internal heat gain

7. CLIMATE RESPONSIVE ARCHITECTURE:-
In Bangalore the idea comfortable house is built of heavy walls with high ceiling rooms,
with windows that you can shut and open surrounded by a shade giving verandah.
High ceiling reduce the effect of heat that would radiate down from the roof which would
get hot under the sun. This will also allow the warm air to rise and escape through
ventilators high up in the walls

8. PASSIVE TECHNIQUES / CONSTRUCTION METHODS OF MODERATE CLIMATE
•Earth air contact
1a. Direct earth contact
2a. Buried pipe cooling
•Evaporative cooling- roof pond cooling system
•Radiant cooling – structural slab cooling
• Passive downdraft evaporative cooling (pdec) with night sky cooling
•1.Earth air Contact
Soil temper at a depth of about 12 feet or more stays fairly constant throughout the year and is
approximately equal to the average annual ambient air temperature the ground can therefore be
used as a heat sink for cooling in the summer and as a heat source for heating in the winter
For Bangalore the temperature below 12 ft is 24 deg .c and it is constant though the year in Delhi the
earth’s temperature at a depth of about 12 ft. is nearly constant at a level of about 23dg c
throughout the year .
There are two strategies for using this principle are
(a) Direct earth contact cooling techniques, and
(b) Buried pipes cooling

9. 1A. Direct earth contact
The building may be coupled with earth either by conduction, i.e.,
Where the building envelope is in contact with the deep earth by burying or
beaming.
Advantages
• Limited infiltration and heat losses
• solar and heat protection,
• Reduction of noise and vibration
• Fire and storm protection
• Improved security.
DisAdvantages
• inside condensation
• Slow response to changing conditions
• Poor day lighting and
• Poor indoor air quality
1B. Buried pipes cooling
Concept – to pass air though an underground air tunnel the air thus cooled or
heated can be used directly for the conditioned space or indirectly with air
conditioners of heat pumps the concept of buried pipes involves the use of metallic
or PVC pipes buried at 1 to 4m in depth (Sinha and goswami, 1987).
Advantage of the system:
• Low energy : 1/3rd of the conventional AC system power requirement
• Better indoor air quality
• 100% fresh air circulation in the premises
• Min of 28 deg . C can be maintained during peak summer

10. EXAMPLE– buried pipes technique, low-energy
`sd worx ‘
•by day , an earth-to-air heat exchanger
cools down the supply air flow
• Concrete tubes with a diameter 80cm and
length of 40cm each buried 3 to 5m deep
and connected ventilation system
•The maximum temperature is summer
never exceeds 22 deg.c on the first floor
•The maximum temperature is between
23.5deg.c and 26deg.c on the 2nd floor
Earth-to-air heat exchanger, ventilation by day

11. 2.Evaporative cooling- roof pond cooling system
• Evaporative cooling: lowers the indoor
air temperature evaporative water
• In dry climates this is commonly done
directly in the space
• But indirect methods such as roof ponds
allow evaporative cooling to be used in
more moderate climates too.
3.Radiant cooling – structural slab cooling
• Radiant cooling - exchanging thermal energy space though convection
and radiation
• structural slab radiant cooling system
• This is a surface cooling system where
• water tubes are placed in the roof slab that absorbs the heat from heat
source in the heat and exchanges it with the circulating water
• the warm water is then pumped to a chiller or a geothermal heat
exchanger, re-cooled heat returned to the slab.
Advantages
• Maximum comfort
• draft sensed temperature
• lower energy costs
• Architectural freedom
• Minimum maintenance
• Same pipes for heating and cooling

12. 4.Passive downdraft evaporative cooling (PDEC) with night sky cooling
• The system comprises a down draft evaporative
cooling tower the fine drops of water is sprayed
vertically downwards with the help of mirconisers.
• it is possible to achieve 26 deg.c in peak summer
• It is possible to achieve of 16 deg,c in
Hyderabad using this system

13. • (PDEC) tower for providing comfort
• tinted glasses to reduce glare
• Complex walls (granite blocks – outer side
• Rat-trap bond brick walls on the inside) to reduce heat
• Filler slabs
• a center atrium to enhance cross ventilation and daylighting
• solar PV lighting and pumps
• Rainfall harvesting and water conservation facilities