The urban fringe is the transitional zone between urban and rural areas. It is becoming increasingly important as cities expand outwards. The urban fringe goes through several stages of transformation, starting as purely rural land and eventually becoming urbanized as the city grows. This process impacts land use, occupations, and development patterns in the fringe. Effective planning and management are needed to balance development with preservation of natural and cultural assets in the sensitive urban fringe environment.
City region is a term in use since about 1950 by urbanists, economists and urban planners to mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often having a shared administration. Typically, it denotes a city, conurbation or urban zone with multiple administrative districts, but sharing resources like a central business district , labour market and transport network such that it functions as a single unit.
the concept of city regions
stages of urban development
kcro dmh kansas city mo
liverpool city region
global city region
sheffield city region
cardiff city website
urban development models
gayathrysatheesanslieshare
ciity region ppt
To plan a city/region, we require base data on which information extrapolation & decisions may happen. Hence, Identify ‘data needed’, and Identify ‘needs of data’ collection
Inspection survey:
A) Direct :
Observe traffic count/ situation
Observe housing quality
Observe economic activity
Observe social parameters, etc.
B) Indirect:
Clubbing of directly observed ‘indicators’ to generate area’s possible ‘proxy’.
For e.g. housing condition + plot sizes + no. & types of vehicles + consumer goods = income range
. Personal interview/ Dialogue:
A questionnaire is designed beforehand at appropriate scale:
Nominal Scale : Yes or No
Ordinal Scale : Possible options or multiple choice questions
Interval Scale : Range/ intervals like age group or income group
Structured questions are precise and one-way
Semi-structure survey is a two-way information flow. It’s an informal dialogue in which the surveyor might receive new information from respondent/s. however, it depends on;
Behavioural factors of surveyor and respondents
Questions not to be ambiguous or long
Managing conversation and seeking pin-point answers
Judging responses without bias
Recording interview
Avoiding errors
Cross-checking with other respondents
Major land uses to be identified for analysing physical distribution and existing conditions:
Developed
Under-developed
Un-developed
Major uses marked on map are as per the defined regional/city level plans, like;
Urbanizable zone
Industrial zone
Transportation & Communication zone
roads, railways, MRTS, Seaports, Dockyards, Airports, Bus depots/ terminals, freight complexes, transmission and communication
Primary activity zone
Agriculture, poultry, rural settlements, brick kilns, extraction areas
Open area zone
Recreation zone, green buffer zone
Protected/ Eco-sensitive zone
Water bodies, forests, sanctuaries, coastal zone, wetlands, marshy zone
special area zone
Heritage & conservation zone, scenic value, tourism zone, defence area/ zone, border conflict zone
Data regarding demographic characteristics;
Population growth (natural, induced)
Population size (age-wise)
Population density
Population distribution
Gender ratio
Socio-Economic status
Religion
Marital status
Education ratio
School dropouts
Gender-wise enrolment in schools, colleges
Mortality rate (age-wise)
Birth rate
Health rate (in some surveys)
Sample types for doing household/ demographic surveys;
Simple Random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Multistage sampling
There are nine steps involved in the development of a questionnaire:
Decide the information required.
Define the target respondents.
Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
Decide on question content.
Develop simple & clear wording of questions
Put the questions into a meaningful order and format.
Check the length of the questionnaire.
Pre-test the questionnaire
Develop the final survey form.
Geographic Regions: by definition There three types of regions Formal regions are areas where a certain characteristic is found throughout. Functional regions consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it. Perceptual regions are defined by people’s attitudes and feelings about areas. 4.
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
City region is a term in use since about 1950 by urbanists, economists and urban planners to mean a metropolitan area and hinterland, often having a shared administration. Typically, it denotes a city, conurbation or urban zone with multiple administrative districts, but sharing resources like a central business district , labour market and transport network such that it functions as a single unit.
the concept of city regions
stages of urban development
kcro dmh kansas city mo
liverpool city region
global city region
sheffield city region
cardiff city website
urban development models
gayathrysatheesanslieshare
ciity region ppt
To plan a city/region, we require base data on which information extrapolation & decisions may happen. Hence, Identify ‘data needed’, and Identify ‘needs of data’ collection
Inspection survey:
A) Direct :
Observe traffic count/ situation
Observe housing quality
Observe economic activity
Observe social parameters, etc.
B) Indirect:
Clubbing of directly observed ‘indicators’ to generate area’s possible ‘proxy’.
For e.g. housing condition + plot sizes + no. & types of vehicles + consumer goods = income range
. Personal interview/ Dialogue:
A questionnaire is designed beforehand at appropriate scale:
Nominal Scale : Yes or No
Ordinal Scale : Possible options or multiple choice questions
Interval Scale : Range/ intervals like age group or income group
Structured questions are precise and one-way
Semi-structure survey is a two-way information flow. It’s an informal dialogue in which the surveyor might receive new information from respondent/s. however, it depends on;
Behavioural factors of surveyor and respondents
Questions not to be ambiguous or long
Managing conversation and seeking pin-point answers
Judging responses without bias
Recording interview
Avoiding errors
Cross-checking with other respondents
Major land uses to be identified for analysing physical distribution and existing conditions:
Developed
Under-developed
Un-developed
Major uses marked on map are as per the defined regional/city level plans, like;
Urbanizable zone
Industrial zone
Transportation & Communication zone
roads, railways, MRTS, Seaports, Dockyards, Airports, Bus depots/ terminals, freight complexes, transmission and communication
Primary activity zone
Agriculture, poultry, rural settlements, brick kilns, extraction areas
Open area zone
Recreation zone, green buffer zone
Protected/ Eco-sensitive zone
Water bodies, forests, sanctuaries, coastal zone, wetlands, marshy zone
special area zone
Heritage & conservation zone, scenic value, tourism zone, defence area/ zone, border conflict zone
Data regarding demographic characteristics;
Population growth (natural, induced)
Population size (age-wise)
Population density
Population distribution
Gender ratio
Socio-Economic status
Religion
Marital status
Education ratio
School dropouts
Gender-wise enrolment in schools, colleges
Mortality rate (age-wise)
Birth rate
Health rate (in some surveys)
Sample types for doing household/ demographic surveys;
Simple Random sampling
Systematic sampling
Stratified sampling
Cluster sampling
Multistage sampling
There are nine steps involved in the development of a questionnaire:
Decide the information required.
Define the target respondents.
Choose the method(s) of reaching your target respondents.
Decide on question content.
Develop simple & clear wording of questions
Put the questions into a meaningful order and format.
Check the length of the questionnaire.
Pre-test the questionnaire
Develop the final survey form.
Geographic Regions: by definition There three types of regions Formal regions are areas where a certain characteristic is found throughout. Functional regions consist of a central place and the surrounding places affected by it. Perceptual regions are defined by people’s attitudes and feelings about areas. 4.
Growth pattern of towns Natural and Planned,
Types of zoning and importance,
various road networks(Grid iron pattern, shoe string development,
Surveys for data collection, physical survey, social survey, economic survey, civic survey,
Town aesthetics, landscape architecture,
Rehabilitation of slum and urban renewal,
Peri urban Project Introduction_Anjal Prakash and Vishal NarainSaciWATERs
About the Project – Water Security in Peri-urban South Asia: Adapting to Climate Change and
Urbanization- Dr. Anjal Prakash, SaciWATERs, Hyderabad and Dr. Vishal Narain, MDI, Gurgaon
Presented by P.T. Masuku, T.E. Simalenga, J. Jiyane and A. Senzanje at the International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF), South Africa, 14-17 November 2011.
The International Forum on Water and Food (IFWF) is the premier gathering of water and food scientists working on improving water management for agricultural production in developing countries.
Region: A territorial area of similar characteristics, which is bigger than local area and smaller than the country / nation,
Regions in India, city region & linkages like economic, functional and transportation,
Rural-Urban Linkage,
Rural-Urban Fringe,
Urban periphery settlements: Urban Village and Unauthorised colony/ illegal-land sub-division,
Land Ceiling Repeal Act 1999
AS Level Human Geography - Urbanization and SettlementArm Punyathorn
In this chapter, we will discuss how our cities/ villages are shaped. We will look at how residential factors can affect incomes and poverty, migration and population.
A SETTLEMENT IS A PLACE WHERE PEOPLE LIVE.
A SETTLEMENT MAY BE AS SMALL AS A SINGLE HOUSE IN A REMOTE AREA OR AS LARGE AS A MEGA CITY.
A SETTLEMENT MAY ALSO BE PERMANENT OR TEMPORARY (REFUGEE CAMP). AND A TEMPORARY SETTLEMENT MAY BECOME PERMANENT OVER TIME.
Forms of human settlements, Urban and Rural forms, settelments, cities, Linear city , radial city,villages, hamlets, dwelings, ec.
Presentation looks at the role, relevance and importance of the cities in polluting environment, generating waste, consuming energy, creating large footprints of buildings and making cities unsustainable. Presentation looks at the issues, genesis of problems of sustainability and suggest options to make them environment friendly, energy/resource efficient, making value addition to environment and ecology and to become a serious partner in making planet earth more liveable and sustainable.
This slideshow covers AICE syllabus content on settlement dynamics. There are various interactive resources and assessments at the end of the presentation. Enjoy!
Urban sprawl as a barrier to smart growthChandel Singh
About the understanding the basics of urban sprawl, their characteristic, causes, and their results on the growth of city with a example of Bangalore urban sprawl and few solutions also been given
Understanding peri-urban water flows_Vishal NarainSaciWATERs
Implications for governance and urban planning
Vishal Narain, MDI, Gurgaon
National Seminar organized by CSH, Human Settlement Management Institute, Delhi
July 15-16,2011
hello! find the details about composite climate and aurabindo ashramam here. If u want best architecture and interior services, click on https://jakkan.com/ and contact them. They give best services.
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hi guys!! here you can check out importance and history of water conservation in india in this ppt . you can also check traditional water conservation methods which were practised in different parts of india . this ppt also presenting famous water conservationists and their works along with guidelines.
hello guys!! here i am presenting my review on piper gaubatz's paper "china urban transformation : patterns and processes of morphological change in beijing, shanghai and guangzhou "
The Indian economy is classified into different sectors to simplify the analysis and understanding of economic activities. For Class 10, it's essential to grasp the sectors of the Indian economy, understand their characteristics, and recognize their importance. This guide will provide detailed notes on the Sectors of the Indian Economy Class 10, using specific long-tail keywords to enhance comprehension.
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How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
We all have good and bad thoughts from time to time and situation to situation. We are bombarded daily with spiraling thoughts(both negative and positive) creating all-consuming feel , making us difficult to manage with associated suffering. Good thoughts are like our Mob Signal (Positive thought) amidst noise(negative thought) in the atmosphere. Negative thoughts like noise outweigh positive thoughts. These thoughts often create unwanted confusion, trouble, stress and frustration in our mind as well as chaos in our physical world. Negative thoughts are also known as “distorted thinking”.
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
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Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
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2. IMPORTANCE OF URBAN FRINGE
• Urban fringes are receiving more and more attention, given the transformational changes in
both urban and rural areas plus the fact that both are becoming increasingly interwoven.
• A main driver for the increased attention on the urban fringe is the demographic change that
many countries are, and will be, experiencing in the coming decades.
• For a long time the urban fringe was a `temporary zone’ waiting for the next wave of urban
expansion.
• In many cases it is no longer expected that this ongoing process of expansion will continue much
longer. This gives the urban fringe a much more permanent character and calls for specific attention.
3. DEFINITION OF URBAN FRINGE
• FRINGE is defined as
relation to the city and
exists in agriculture
hinterland (area around or
beyond a major town)
where land use is changing.
• URBAN FRINGE is an
area that situates between
urban and rural system. It’s
the most sensitive, dynamic
and swiftly changing area
during the urbanization
process (Gu & Xiong, 1989).
4. HOW LAND MASS AFFECTS URBAN FRINGE?
• Urban fringes character is deciding based
on the availability of amount of
land in countries.
• If any country has less land to
accommodate more population, those
countries are trying people to settle
them in outskirts of the cities which is
giving negative impact on the existing
environment
5. EFFECTS OF URBAN FRINGE ON SUBURBAN AREAS
• Suburbanization often occurs in or near
the urban fringe. In the U.S, as a city grows
and more room is needed to support the
expanding population, the urban fringe also
expands to meet these demands, thus
surrounding large cities like Cleveland, St.
Louis, and New York in vast suburban areas,
thus making the urban fringe a large "ring"
around the city than is itself also vast and
gradual.
• As a city's population grows and more people
move farther out, the urban fringe is
often swallowed up and developed as
a suburb, thus pushing the urban fringe out
even further. THE OUTWARD SHIFT OF THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
6. . MAJOR CONCERN – PRESERVING NATURE
• One of the best aspects of living in the urban
fringe for the people who live there is its
proximity to nature, the ability to get
away from the fast pace and crowding in the
city.
• Many cities are built in mountain valleys or
near open water, and the need to preserve
these lands is for the population's leisure
activities, wildlife and the ecosystem is
extremely important. Preserving nature is
more dependent on what the population
demands and the land surrounding the city
7. NATURE OF THE URBAN FRINGES
• The nature of the rural-urban
fringe is influenced by four main
factors: agricultural policy,
regional planning, the
urban economy and the
agricultural economy.
• Baker et al have identified four
types of fringe resulting from
these influences:
1. disturbed landscapes
2. neglected landscapes
3. simplified landscapes
4. valued landscapes.
THE NATURE OF THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
8. STAGES OF GROWTH
INTRODUCTION:
o R .Ramachandran and srivastava, well known urban geographer.
o In 1950’s during a study of villages lying in the RUF of delhi, they
had found a particular pattern of stages trough which a village
community passes as the village gets transformed into an urban
one.
9. STAGES OF GROWTH
The rural urban fringe developed as FOUR aspects:
1) Spatial interaction with city.
2) Social dimensions.
3) Physical aspects.
4) Economic aspects.
Keeping this aspects in view, there can be FIVE stages in
the process of transformation.
10. 1)RURAL STAGE:
Agriculture is the main
occupation of the people who
live in villages.
Land less laborers form a large
group and work as a
agricultural laborers.
11. 1)RURAL STAGE
Interaction between the city
and village is minimum.
Movement is restricated only to
jobs in urban areas and trips for
sale of agricultural produce.
Such villages lack almost all the
facilities available in the city.
12. 2)THE STAGE OF AGRICULTURAL LAND USE CHANGE
• The city offers a market for products like milk, vegetables and e. t. c . And
villagers are in a position to supply.
• Few farmers notice it and take advantage of this opportunity.
• The village in this manner becomes vegetable farm and milk shed of the city.
• The three FACTORS which are responsible for development is:
1. Increase in city population leads to the demand for products like milk, and
vegetables.
2. Improvement in transportation facilities. As a result, village become more
accessible then before.
3. In this case, people’s awareness and direct contact with the city increases
over a period of time.
13. 3)STAGE OF OCCUPATIONAL CHANGE
• The village population responds to the employment
opportunity in the city.
• Some village families have started business like repair shops,
tea shops, grocery in city.
• The mobility of village population increases and number of
scooters, bikes, cars and city buses increases.
• Houses are rebuilt with better furnished and well equipped
in the villages.
14. 4)STAGE OF URBAN LAND USE GROWTH
• A few plots of land from villagers are purchased by real
estate agents from the city.
• They develop into a residential colonies within a short
time and they convert village lands into city life.
• Lands near main road which connects the village to city
are first developed.
15. 5)URBAN VILLAGE STAGE
• Now the fringe village is
converted into urban uses.
• No agricultural lands
around the village.
• Migration starts.
• All around the village site, we
have a number of urban
residential localities.
16. CASE STUDY- NORTH AMERICAN RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
• The main processes operating in North American fringe
areas are:
• A marked change in ownership land size with distance
from the built-up area. Units of land show decreasing size
and increasing value with proximity to the urban area.
• The rate at which land ownership changes also varies with
distance from the boundary of the built-up area with
the most intense activity closest to the urban area.
• Development takes the forms of peripheral accretion (adding
on directly to the existing urban area), linear development
along major route ways and leap-frogging. The locations of
the latter are determined by a number of factors including
the varying desirability of different locations and the
ownership status of the land. A MODEL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN RURAL-
URBAN FRINGE
17. CHALLENGES
• Differences and fluctuations in
property value
Lack of coherence in planning policy and
regulations, potentially leading to a decline in spatial
quality and loss of attractiveness of the area.
18. CHALLENGES
In contrast, sometimes a lack of
identity: not rural, not urban, lack of
specific cultural or regional identity, as a
result of the lack of coherent planning and
the diversity of functions.
services may get failure due to the sudden increase in
population
19. CHALLENGES
An area with specific environmental
risks and opportunities: ‘urban’ water
is contaminating clean rural water,
landscape cluttering, risk of decrease in
biodiversity in situations of deterioration.
A change of functions as a result of local, regional, national
and international developments: agricultural property
becomes available for other functions
20. GUIDELINES
To Climate Change:
• Encourage appropriate woodland or other planting in landscapes higher up the river catchment areas
to help provide natural alleviation to extreme weather events and reduce the amount of hard
engineered solutions needed alongside rivers and close to settlements.
21. GUIDELINESGUIDELINES
To Natural Features:
• Establish new woodlands or tree groups on prominent skylines in order to soften their windswept
appearance and provide screening where climatic conditions allow.
• Manage and restore existing semi-natural woodlands.
22. GUIDELINES
Development:
• When new development takes place consider opportunities to enhance and strengthen
green infrastructure to provide a link between urban areas and the wider countryside.
Reinforcing woodland belts, enhancing water and soil quality and the provision of green corridors
from and between settlements could all help reinforce landscape and biodiversity features.
• Along major roads, develop schemes to improve visual awareness of the individual
settlements, land uses and cultural landmarks.
• Conserve and maintain traditional farm buildings within their own setting.
• Reduce the impact of large scale new farm buildings by careful location so as not to
dominate the traditional farm buildings on a plot adequate to accommodate circulation, storage and
landscape proposals using a choice of sympathetic colours and non-reflective finishes.
23. GUIDELINES
Access and Recreation:
• Public rights of way should be well maintained and quiet recreational areas and facilities
should be improved and developed to be compatible and reinforce the remaining pastoral
characteristics of this sub type.
• Seek opportunities to enhance access to farmland through farm stewardship or other
schemes.
24. CONCLUSION:
Though urban fringes are becoming as extension areas for cities, It is our
responsibility to not to disturb/destroy existing features like nature, settlements,
economic activities etc.. of the urban fringe areas. while zoning, its recommended
to give recreational zone/ agri zone as major landuse to urban fringes, so that the
existing features wont get disturbed by this landuse and bio-diversity can be
maintained in cities
25. BIBLIOGRAPHY
GEOCASES: ACCESS TO GEOGRAPHICAL CASES STUDIES FOR A LEVEL: THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE
ANBUMOZHI, V., 2007. ECO-INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN URBAN-RURAL FRINGE AREAS- A STRATEGIC APPROACH FOR
INTEGRATED ENVIRONMENTAL AND ECONOMIC PLANNING, BUSINESS AND THE ENVIRONMENT RESEARCH PROJECT, KANSAI
RESEARCH CENTER, HYOGO, JAPAN.
ANDREWS, R. B., 1942. ELEMENTS IN THE URBAN FRINGE PATTERN, JOURNAL OF LAND AND PUBLIC UTILITY ECONOMICS,
VOL. 18, MAY, PP. 169-183.
ASIF, K., 2010. DEVELOPING AGRO-PROCESSING ENTERPRISES IN THE RURAL-URBAN FRINGE AREAS – A VIEW POINT ON
SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT AND PROPELLING RURAL PROSPERITY, EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES FOR SUSTAINABLE
ENVIRONMENT, PROCEEDINGS OF THE INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 29-30TH OCTOBER, DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL
ENGINEERING, A.M.U., ALIGARH, PP. 592-595.
RODRIGUE, J. P., COMTOIS, C. AND SLACK, B., 2009. THE GEOGRAPHY OF TRANSPORT SYSTEMS, DEPARTMENT OF GLOBAL
STUDIES & GEOGRAPHY, HOFSTRA UNIVERSITY, NEW YORK. HTTP://PEOPLE.HOFSTRA.EDU/GEOTRANS.
DANIEL R. FESENMAIER, MICHAEL F. GODCHILD AND SANDRA MORRISON. THE SPATIAL STRUCTURE OF THE RRAL-URBAN
FRINGE
HTTP://PEOPLEOF.OUREVERYDAYLIFE.COM/URBAN-FRINGE-9706.HTML
HTTP://WWW.TUTOR2U.NET/GEOGRAPHY/REFERENCE/7-CHARACTERISTICS-OF-THE-RURAL-URBAN-FRINGE